Грамматика: Past Perfect Tense.
Reading.
A) Read and translate the text.
We are students and we study at college of physical culture. The students of our college take up different kinds of sport. To improve their physical fitness and performance they do a lot of training. They train in different places: gymnasts in the gym, basketball, volleyball and handball players on the indoor and outdoor sports grounds or in sports halls, tennis players on the tennis courts, track and field athletes usually train on the stadiums in the open air, though in winter they sometimes have their training in the indoor halls, and boxers practice in the boxing halls, footballers on the stadiums, fencers in the fencing halls, cyclists in the highway or cycling tracks and swimmers, naturally, train in the swimming pools.
The aim of all sports trainings is to improve fitness and skills, and to develop training programmes that are both safe and effective. To do this properly, an understanding of the physical demands of sport is needed. All sports require a combination of strength, speed, endurance, agility and flexibility to varying degrees. What is important is how these elements are combined to build up the skills of the sport in question. Other factors to be taken into account in a training programme are diet, the importance of avoiding injuries, your general state of health, and the nature and role of other team players.
Three times a week we have special training lessons. As a rule, each training lasts about three hours after which we take a warm shower. Every training session begins with a warming-up period which lasts about twenty minutes. It consists of slow running for about half a mile, then fast running for about a quarter of a mile. Next the sportsmen do a few exercises which depend on the event to be practised. After the warming-up we rest for about six minutes before we start practising. The warming-up of the body is very important for it helps to prevent pulled muscles. We train according to the trainer’s instructions. The coach pays great attention to mastering technique, tactics and the main elements of this or that kind of sport. Sometimes, we train with a team or a partner. We perform different exercises and get ready for contests.
B) Give the Russian equivalents of the following English words and word combinations.
To improve physical fitness and performance, to do training, track and field athletes, safe and effective, demand, endurance, to build up the skills, avoid injuries, warming-up, pulled muscles, to pay attention to mastering technique.
C) Give the English equivalents of the following Russian words and word combinations.
Заниматься различными видами спорта; улучшить физическую подготовку; разрабатывать программу тренировок; много тренироваться; сочетание силы, скорости, выносливости и ловкости; принимать во внимание; разминка; состоять из; период разогрева; выполнять различные упражнения; готовиться к состязаниям.
D) Form adjectives from these nouns. Consult a dictionary if necessary.
A) strength - c) agility -
B) flexibility - d) endurance -
E) Match the words in column A to those close in meanings in column B.
A B
1. to take up a. various
2. to improve b. coach
3. different c. exercise
4. trainer d. to develop
5. aim e. to better
6. to create f. to combine
7. need g. to go in for
8. to unite h. demand
9. element i. goal
10. activity j. component
F) Complete the sentences using the necessary information from the text.
1. The students of our college take up ….
2. They train a lot to ….
3. To do the training properly, … is needed.
4. All sports require a combination of ….
5. Your general state of health also should be taken into ….
6. We have special training lessons on ….
7. Every training begins with a … which lasts for ….
8. After the warming-up we … before we start practicing.
9. After the training we take ….
10. The coach pays attention to ….
G) Answer the following questions.
1. How often do you have your training?
2. Who is your coach?
3. Where do you train?
4. When do you attend your special training lessons?
5. Do you train by yourself or according to the coach’s instructions?
6. How long does your training last?
7. What do you begin your training with?
8. How long do you warm up?
9. What is the aim of your training?
10. What does the trainer pay attention to?
H) Write a composition “My Training”.
I) Speak on the topic “My Training”.
Grammar. Open the brackets using Past Simple or Past Perfect
1) Before the teacher (give) a new test she (check) the previous one.
2) We (look) through the agreement before we (sign) it.
3) Bruce (go) to hospital because he (cut) his hand.
4) When my brother (come) I just (finish) reading the documents. William (sign) all the papers by 6 o’clock.
5) By the time I (get) to the station the train (leave).
6) After the movie (finish) they (decide) to get something to eat.
7) The house (burn) to the ground by the time the fire brigade (arrive).