Н.А. Дубровина
ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК
Методические указания по выполнению домашней контрольной работы №3
для студентов заочной формы обучения на базе среднего
полного (общего) и среднего профессионального образования,
обучающихся по направлению подготовки
210700 «Инфокоммуникационные технологии и системы связи»
(профили «Многоканальные телекоммуникационные системы»,
«Сети связи и системы коммутации»)
в соответствии с требованиями ФГОС ВПО 3 поколения
Квалификация (степень) выпускника «бакалавр»
Екатеринбург
ББК 81.2
УДК 811.2 Англ.
Рецензент: ст. преподаватель кафедры ОГиСЭД Миннегалиева Т.В.
Дубровина Н.А.
Иностранный язык: Методические указания по выполнению домашней контрольной работы №3/Дубровина Н.А. – Екатеринбург: УрТИСИ ФГОБУ ВПО «СибГУТИ», 2013 - 21с.
Методические указания по выполнению домашней контрольной работы №3 по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» предназначены для студентов заочной формы обучения на базе среднего полного (общего) и среднего профессионального образования, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 210700 «Инфокоммуникационные технологии и системы связи» (профили «Многоканальные телекоммуникационные системы», «Сети связи и системы коммутации»).
Методические указания содержат задания для выполнения домашней контрольной работы, организационно-методические указания по её выполнению, список литературы.
Рекомендовано НМС УрТИСИ ФГОБУ ВПО «СибГУТИ» в качестве методических указаний по выполнению домашней контрольной работы №3 по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» для студентов заочной формы обучения на базе среднего полного (общего) и среднего профессионального образования, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 210700 «Инфокоммуникационные технологии и системы связи» (профили «Многоканальные телекоммуникационные системы», «Сети связи и системы коммутации»).
ББК 81.2
УДК 811.2 Англ.
Кафедра общегуманитарных и социально-экономических дисциплин
УрТИСИ ФГОБУ ВПО «СибГУТИ», 2013
| Содержание | |
| Введение | |
| 1 Организационно-методические рекомендации студентам | |
| 2 Варианты контрольных работ | |
| Литература |
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Методические указания по выполнению домашней контрольной работы №3 по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» предназначены для студентов заочной формы обучения на базе среднего полного (общего) и среднего профессионального образования, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 210700 «Инфокоммуникационные технологии и системы связи» (профили «Многоканальные телекоммуникационные системы», «Сети связи и системы коммутации»).
Основная цель данных методических указаний – формирование активности и самостоятельности у студентов в совершенствовании знаний, умений инавыков. Студенту в качестве задания для работы по английскому языку предлагается работа с текстом: чтение, перевод, составление вопросов, пересказ, ознакомление с лексикой и грамматикой.
В процессе изучения дисциплины студент должен приобрести:
Навыки: понимание контекста прочитанного материала;
▪ освоение техники перевода на русский язык наиболее трудных предложений;
▪ усвоение активной лексики;
▪ практическое применение грамматики.
Умение: на зачётах и экзаменах оперировать полученными знаниями в разговорных темах, в устных и письменных заданиях.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ
В результате изучения дисциплины «Иностранный язык» студент должен получить представление о навыках коммуникативной связи. В бытовой и профессиональной среде уметь выразить свою точку зрения по общим вопросам, задавать вопросы и уметь использовать полученную информацию в процессе профессионального роста.
После изучения курса студенты сдают экзамен, к которому они допускаются при условии сдачи контрольных работ, наличии знаний по курсу.
Самостоятельная работа с документами и литературой – основной метод изучения дисциплины студентом-заочником.
Для изучения определенной темы студенту рекомендуется следующий алгоритм деятельности:
- ориентироваться на инструкцию преподавателя, данную на установочной сессии;
- освоить соответствующий раздел учебника;
- использовать рациональные приемы работы с книгой;
Письменная контрольная работа – составная часть учебной дисциплины.
1 Каждая контрольная работа составлена в 10 вариантах. Студенты выполняют один вариант в соответствии с последними цифрами шифра своего студенческого билета:
1) если шифр оканчивается на 0 - вариант 10;
2) если шифр оканчивается на 1 - вариант 1;
3) на 2 – вариант 2;
4) на 3 – вариант 3 т.д.
2 Выполнять каждую контрольную работу следует в отдельной тетради. На обложке тетради напишите свою фамилию, имя, отчество, номер студенческого билета, номер контрольной работы, вариант.
3 Контрольная работа должна быть написана ручкой синего цвета, аккуратно, четким почерком. Следует оставлять широкие поля (4см.) для замечаний, объяснений и указаний рецензента.
4 Контрольные задания должны быть выполнены в той последовательности, в которой они даны в настоящем пособии. Задания к упражнениям полностью переписываются в тетрадь.
5 Задание, в котором требуется выполнить перевод, целесообразно оформить так: иностранный текст пишется на левой странице тетради, русский текст – на правой.
6 Во избежание повторных ошибок, рекомендуется выполнять и высылать только одну контрольную работу.
7 Выполненные контрольные работы направляйте для проверки и рецензирования в деканат заочного отделения в указанные сроки, не позднее, чем за 10 дней до начала сессии.
ВАРИАНТЫКОНТРОЛЬНЫХ РАБОТ
Вариант 1
1 Прочитайте и переведите текст. Абзацы 3 и 4 перепишите и переведите письменно.
NEW METHODS OF COMPUTATION
1. We live in the age of great developments in science and engineering. More than two hundred years ago the invention of the textile machinery started the industrial revolution.
In less than a century machines were in use in all the branches of industry. They were to make all kinds of operations of a factory worker. In fact they could make them much better, much quicker and at a lower cost than factory workers did. Moreover, a machine could do work which a man was unable to do. Thus the first industrial revolution freed man’s hands from hard and monotonous labour.
2. At the end of World War II a second industrial revolution began. The invention of electronic computers makes it possible to free man’s brain from the labour of measurement and computation.
3 Accurate measurement and exact computation are the bases of modern engineering and scientific research therefore every engineer must determine accurately the amount of any change that his material has to undergo in different conditions, either in arctic cold or tropical heat.
4. Every scientist will make numerous computations before he can say that the results of his experiments are correct. Yet there exist complex computations in science and engineering which the scientists are unable to make because they are too long and too complicated. Here is an example, which can illustrate how much time some of them may take. For the accurate forecasting of the weather a meteorologist must make about one million of operations. In order to be able to forecast the weather one day in advance, he has to work with a numerous group of assistants for ten days. This is not the only example; there are many others. When the first electronic computers went into operation in 1945 their importance for science and engineering became at once evident. They can work very quickly and make no errors. Any computer is a machine that gives information. This is the only thing a computer does. A computer cannot create any new information, though it may transform it into a more useful form. By analogy we may call a computer a mathematical translator in the same sense that a translator takes information in some language and translates it into another.
Computers are of great help to our specialists, that is why we widely use them in different branches of science and engineering.
2 Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно:
1. What did the first revolution freed man’s hands from?
2. What are the bases of modern engineering?
3 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в указанном времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. He (to graduate) from the University - Present Perfect.
2. Our students (to pass) all examination- Future Simple
3. The workers (to test) the equipment before the engineer came- Past Perfect
4. We (to listen) to our teacher at the lesson – Present Continuous
5. I (to invite) him to the birthday party – Past Simple
6. My grandmother (to prepare) breakfast – Past Continuous
7. The secretary (to bring) the mail – Present Perfect
8. He (to finish) his report late at night- Past simple
9. The workers (to build) a new telephone line – Present Simple
10. Students (to write) the tests at the lesson – Present Simple
4 Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты в предложениях, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. It is raining. You have to put on your raincoat.
2. Will you be able to finish the work in a week?
3. I could not solve the problem before she explained it to me.
4. He may go home if he likes.
5. Will all students be allowed to miss classes tomorrow?
6. You must fasten the belts when the plane takes off.
Вариант 2
1 Прочитайте и переведите текст. Абзацы 2, 3 и 4 перепишите и переведите письменно.
SUN-DRIVEN ENGINE
1. It is common knowledge that certain metals and their alloys are attracted by a magnet. After heating, this property vanishes; it is restored after cooling down. A new magneto-heat engine works on this principle. This invention relates to devices, which transform thermal power, for instance, the power of die sun rays, into a mechanical power of rotation.
2. We know solar power is inexhaustible and its use does not harm the environment. That's why such importance is attached to the devices which make it possible to apply the idea of direct use of solar power, transforming it into mechanical forms of power. The development of an engine directly driven by a heat source such as solar power makes it possible to simplify and make power generation considerably cheaper, in comparison to the existing thermal engines we use today.
3. The rotor of the new engine is made of an alloy that loses its magnetic properties already at 100 С. If the rotor is heated on one side, the cold side of the rotor will turn toward the magnet. Since heating continues, the rotor goes on rotating, too. Thus solar power can be used as a source of heat in this case. The magneto-heat engine can drive pumps in waterless districts; it can also be widely used for watering greenery in cities and settlements.
4. By using thermo magnetic alloys it is possible to develop a lot of automatic devices, for example, solar clocks, thermometers, etc. Mention should be made that these devices can withstand extreme temperatures. To organize the production of the necessary alloys is simple as there is no need for rare materials or complex technology.
2 Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. How is the solar power used?
2. What is the rotor of the new engine made of?
3 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в указанном времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. In an hour they (to meet) their friends at the station – Future Simple
2. Workers (to put) cables on the walls – Present Continuous
3. Radio (to transmit) signals by electromagnetic waves – Past Simple
4. An electric field (to appear) between two plates – Present Perfect
5. They (to carry) electric waves over a distance – Future Perfect
6. Our friend (to visit) his parents two weeks ago – Past Simple
7. The storm (to stop) in the morning – Future Simple
8. The train (to come) at 7 o’clock - Past Simple
9. He (to print) the text by 7 o’clock – Past Perfect.
10. We (to build) our future – Present Simple
4 Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты в предложениях, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. You will be able to speak Spanish in few months.
2. Can I help you?
3. We shall be allowed to go to the cinema.
4. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese.
5. They had to stay at home because it was very cold.
6. May we come and see you next Sunday?
Вариант 3
1 Прочитайте и переведите текст. Абзацы 2, 3 и 4 перепишите и переведите письменно.
UNDERSTANDING ELECTRICITY
1. One great natural source of electricity is lightning. The dazzling flash of light we see during a thunderstorm is caused by the discharge of electricity from one cloud to another. Sometimes the discharge may be from a cloud to earth. In this case the electricity may pass through a tree or a house. When this happens we say that the house is struck by lightning. To avoid the risk of damage to buildings a lightning conductor is used. It is made from a metal rod, placed high on the building, which is connected by a thick conductor wire to a metal plate buries in the earth. If lightning strikes the building the charge is conducted safely to earth.
2. Electricity and magnetism are closely collected. Each may be used to produce the other. Around the poles of a magnet is an area called a magnetic field. In this area the magnet exerts its attraction. The directions of this attraction and the shape of the magnetic field are shown by lines of force. These lines of force can be seen if a small magnet is placed under a sheet of paper onto which iron filings are sprinkled.
3. When the electric current flows through conductor, a magnetic field is set up around it. The conductor becomes a magnet. If a conductor is made to rotate in the magnetic field, a pressure of electricity, called a voltage, is produced in it. This is the principle on which a dynamo produces electricity. Electricity flowing through a conductor may be likened to water flowing through a pipe. The amount of electricity, which flows, called the current, is measured in units called amps. The pressure of electricity, the voltage, is measured in volts.
4. Just as a thin pipe will not allow water to flow through it as a large one, so a thin conductor will not allow as much electricity to flow as a thick one. The restriction to the flow, which is caused by the conductor, is known as its resistance. A unit of resistance is called an ohm. The resistance of a conductor will also vary according to the material of which it is made. Copper has a much lower resistance than other common metals. It is a very good conductor.
5. Current, voltage and resistance bear a definite relationship to one another. Ohm's law tells us that current continuously to cope with this demand. There are certain times during the day when this demand for power is very high and other times when it may be very low. These are known as peak and off-peak periods, and they may vary in different parts of the country. In order to operate the power stations more efficiently and economically they are all connected to a grid system. This is a network of high voltage cables, which ensures a more even distribution of power all over the country.
2 Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. What is used to avoid the risk of damage to buildings?
2. What is the aim of the grid system?
3 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в указанном времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. We (to meet) our parents in the morning – Future Simple
2. Sound waves (to travel) through the space – Past Continuous
3. He (to discuss) these questions with his friends – Past Simple
4. They (to build) many telephone stations– Present Perfect
5. They boy (to print) the text next morning – Future Continuous
6. Engineers (to test) equipment at the workshop – Future Perfect
7. This equipment (to send) signals to the space – Present Simple
8. Foreign specialists (to visit) our plant next month – Future Simple
9. We (to buy) a new computer before the parents came back – Past Perfect
10. I (to bring) flowers to the lecture-room – Past Simple
4 Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты в предложениях, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. In Britain each school decides which exams their pupils are to take.
2. At the age of 16 pupils can leave school.
3. I’ll be able to answer you next Tuesday.
4. You should not talk at the lesson.
5. He can’t be writing the dictation. The bell has gone.
6. It was very dark and we had to take candle.
Вариант 4
1 Прочитайте и переведите текст. Абзацы 2, 3 и 4 перепишите и переведите письменно.
AMPLIFIERS
1. Amplification refers to the increase in voltage, current, or power that occurs between the input and output circuits of an electronic tube or of any other device or apparatus in which their may be such an increase. The amplification ratio or factor is equal to the output value divided by the input value as measured in the same unit.
2. A device, which increases the voltage or power of a signal by furnishing additional power from itself through the use of electronic tubes, is called an amplifier. The signal which controls local-power may come from an antenna, a microphone, a phonograph pickup, a photocell, a detector tube or a transmission line of amplifier, or it may operate a loudspeaker or some other reproducer for the signal.
Engineers recognize three distinct types of amplifiers, known as, and referred to universally as, Class A, Class B, and Class С
3. The differentiation lies principally in die relationship between input voltages and plate current flow, and the resulting waveform. The selection of the type of amplifier to be used depends on the results, which engineer wishes to get
4. A Class A amplifier is one in which the grid bias and excitation grid voltages are so chosen that plate current flows at all times. A theoretically perfect Class A amplifier produces an alternating component in the plate load which is an exact reproduction of the exciting grid voltage in form, but not necessarily in amplitude. The characteristics of such an amplifier are low efficiency and output.
2 Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. What is the amplification ratio equal to?
2. What are three distinct types of amplifiers?
3 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в указанном времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. In an hour they (to meet) their friends at the station – Future Simple
2. The bell (to ring) – Present Perfect
3. Sound waves (to produce) oscillations – Future Perfect
4. The workers (to test) equipment before the engineer came – Past Perfect
5. At 10o’clock I (to wait) for you hear the college – Future Continuous
6. Workers (to lay) cables in the ground – Past Continuous.
7. They (to protect) cables against corrosion – Past Simple
8. It (to change) sound energy into electric waves – Future Simple
9. Transmission system (to carry) electric waves – Present Simple
10. Switching system (to connect) two telephones sets – Present Continuous
4 Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты в предложениях, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. My younger brother could read when he was 4.
2. It is a great film. You must see it.
3. May I use your telephone?
4. I didn’t have any money with me last night, so I had to borrow some.
5. I wasn’t able to come to you yesterday. I was very busy.
Вариант 5
1 Прочитайте и переведите текст. Абзацы 2, 3 и 4 перепишите и переведите письменно.
OUTLINE OF OUR COUNTRY SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS
1. Our science has been concentrated lately on the most promising fundamental trends and fields, on increasing the practical effectiveness of research. The physics of fundamental particles the physics of the atomic nucleus, and solid state physics occupy an important place in modern science.
2. Our scientists have developed large-scale commercial manufacture of artificial diamonds with properties, which surpass those of natural diamonds. The finest crystallographic equipment has been developed making it possible to study the atomic structure of materials.
3. The emergence of quantum electronics is one of the brightest events in the history of physics. Our scientists have suggested and developed the ideas of basically new sources of electromagnetic emission-quantum generators. At present, they are used in industry for cutting and welding metals, for high precision treatment of various materials including diamonds and ceramics.
4. The necessity to conduct extremely fast technical calculations, primarily in atomic technique, in aviation, rocketry and cosmonautics has led to the development of fast-acting electronic computers. Computers and other technical means of control are widely used in such fields as economics, planning and management of production. One should remember that the wide use of computers signifies a further advance in industry.
5. In recent years we have seen new vast progress in space research. At present new projects for studying the Moon and the other planets of the solar system are being developed in the Russia. «Soviet spaceships said Sergei Korolev, General Designer of the first spacerocket systems, a founder of practical cosmonautics, will again and again leave the shore of the Universe to reach unexplored worlds. They're every flight and return will be a memorable occasion for the Soviet people and the whole progressive mankind, a triumph of reason and progress».
2 Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. What physics do occupy an important place in modern science?
2. What technical means are used in economics, planning and management?
3 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в указанном времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Electromagnetic waves (to travel) through the space - Future Simple
2. Radio (to transmit) signals – Present Continuous
3. The equipment (to produce) energy – Past Continuous
4. We (to consider) a general idea – Present Perfect
5. An electric field (to appear) between two plates – Future Perfect
6. Workers (to put) cables in the ground – Future Continuous
7. The current (to pass) through the diaphragm – Future Simple
8. Sound waves (to produce) oscillations before the engineer saw it –Past Perfect
9. It (to change) the current -Future Perfect
10. We (finish) the work – Present Simple.
4 Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты в предложениях, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. We can see the lake from our bedroom window.
2. I haven’t been able to sleep this night.
3. You must respect your parents.
4. What will you have to do tomorrow?
5. We were to go to the institute that afternoon.
Вариант 6
1 Прочитайте и переведите текст. Абзацы 2,3 и 4 перепишите и переведите письменно.
BILL GATES -THE FOUNDER OF MICROSOFT
1. William Henry Gates was born in Seattle» Washington in 1955.
He is an American business executive, chairman and chief executive officer of the Microsoft Corporation. Gates was the founder of Microsoft in 1975 together with Paul Allen, his partner in computer language development. While attending Harvard in 1975, Gates together with Allen developed a version of the BASIC computer programming language for the first personal computer.
2. In the early 1980s, Gates led Microsoft's evolution from the developer of computer programming languages to a large computer software company. This transition began with the introduction of MS-DOS, the operating system for the new IBM Personal Computer in 1981. Gates also led Microsoft towards the introduction of application software such as the Microsoft Word processor.
3. Much of Gates' success is based on his ability to translate technical visions into market strategy. Although Gates has accumulated great wealth from his holdings of Microsoft stock, he has been known as a tough competitor who seems to value winning in a competitive environment over money. Gates still continues to work personally in product development at Microsoft.
4. Windows 98 is an operational system with an easy interface based on the expanding windows principle which uses icons to graphically represent files and their types. Windows 98 is the enhanced version of Windows95.
5. Windows 98 makes the way you and your computer interact easy. Most everyday tasks are now easier to accomplish than ever before. For example, the second mouse button has become a powerful weapon. The old Windows 3.0 Programme Manager and File Manager have been replaced. The desktop tools that replace them are very like those found on a Macintosh. For example, there is a Recycle Bin that makes it easier to recover accidentally deleted files.
2 Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. Who was Bill Gate’s partner in computer language development?
2. What is the interface of Windows based on?
3 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в указанном времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Windows 98 (to make) your work at the computer easy – Present Simple
2. Recycle Bin (to recover) deleted files – Past Simple
3. This system (to decide) many problems – Present Perfect
4. You (to run) DOS programs – Future Simple.
5. Users (to spend) most of their time in Windows – Present Simple
6. Our institute (to buy) portable computers by the end of May. – Past Perfect
7. We (to think) about our future – Past Simple
8. The engineers (to create) new programs – Present Continuous
9. I (to pass) this test – Future Perfect
10. They (to carry) electric waves over a distance – Future Continuous.
4 Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты в предложениях, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. He will be able to graduate from the institute.
2. Can we help him?
3. Students will be allowed to go home.
4. You must help your parents.
5. My friend had to take examinations on Wednesday.
6. May I go to the exhibition with you?
Вариант 7
1 Прочитайте и переведите текст. Абзацы 2,3 и 4 перепишите и переведите письменно.
SOFTWARE
1. A computer to complete a job requires more than just the actual equipment or hardware we see and touch. It requires Software - programs for directing the operation of a computer or electronic data.
2. Software is the final computer system component. These computer programs instruct the hardware how to conduct processing. The computer is merely a general-purpose machine which requires specific software to perform a given task. Computers can input, calculate, compare, and output data as information. Software determines the order in which these operations are performed.
3. Programs usually fall in one of two categories: system software and applications software.
System software controls standard internal computer activities. An operating system, for example, is a collection of system programs that aid in the operation of a computer regardless of the application software being used. When a computer is first turned on, one of the system programmes is booted or loaded into the computers memory. This software contains information about memory capacity, the model of the processor, the disk drives to be used, and more. Once the system software is loaded, the applications software can be brought in.
4. System programmes are designed for the specific pieces of hardware. These programmes are called drivers and coordinate peripheral hardware and computer activities. User needs to install a specific driver in order to activate a peripheral device. For example, if you intend to buy a printer or a scanner you need to worry in advance about the driver programme which, though, commonly goes along with your device. By installing the driver you «teach» your mamboard to «understand» the newly attached part. However, in modern computer systems the drivers are usually installed in the operating system.
5. Applications software satisfies your specific need. The developers of application software rely mostly on marketing research strategies trying to do their best to attract more users (buyers) to their software. As the productivity of the hardware has increased greatly in recent years, the programmers nowadays tend to include as much as possible in one programme to make software interface look more attractive to the user. These class of programmes is the most numerous and perspective from the marketing point of view.
2 Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. What does it mean “software”?
2. What are drivers used for?
3 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в указанном времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The firm Microsoft (create) the system Windows 98 - Present Perfect
2. Recycle Bin (to recover) deleted files – Present Simple
3. These businessmen (to decide) many problems – Future Perfect
4. You (to work) in DOS – Future Simple.
5. Users (to spend) most of their time in Windows – Present Simple
6. Our institute (to buy) new equipment by the end of June – Past Perfect
7. We (to play) football in the yard – Past Simple
8. The engineers (to create) new machines – Present Continuous
9. I (to finish) this difficult test – Future Perfect
10. Electric waves (to carry) signals over long distances – Future Continuous.
4 Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты в предложениях, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Our students will be able to graduate from the institute.
2. Can your friend help us?
3. The boy will be allowed to eat ice-cream.
4. You must phone your parents.
5. My brother had to go to London on Wednesday.
6. May I go to the exhibition with you?
Вариант 8
1 Прочитайте и переведите текст. Абзацы 2,3 и 4 перепишите и переведите письменно.
WHAT IS HARDWARE?
1. What is hardware? Webster's dictionary gives us the following definition of the hardware — the mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical devices composing a computer system.
Computer hardware can be divided into four categories:
input hardware
processing hardware
storage hardware
output hardware.
2. The purpose of the input hardware is to collect data and convert it into a form suitable for computer processing. The most common input device is a keyboard. It looks very much like a typewriter. The mouse is a hand held device connected to the computer by small cable. As the mouse is rolled across the mouse pad, the cursor moves across the screen. When the cursor reaches the desired location, the user usually pushes a button on the mouse once or twice to signal a menu selection or a command to the computer.
The light pen uses a light sensitive photoelectric cell to signal screen position to the computer. Another type of input hardware is optic-electronic scanner that is used to input graphics as well as typeset characters. Microphone and digital camera can be also used to input data into the computer.
3. The purpose of processing hardware is retrieve, interpret and direct the execution of software instructions provided to the computer. The most common components of processing hardware are the Central Processing Unit and main memory.
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It reads and interprets software instructions and coordinates the processing activities that must take place. The design of the CPU affects the processing power and the speed of the computer, as well as the amount of main memory it can use effectively. With a weli-de-signed CPU in your computer, you can perform highly sophisticated tasks in a very short time.
Memory is the system of component of the computer in which information is stored. There are two types of computer memory: RAM and ROM.
4. RAM (random access memory) is the volatile computer memory, used for creating1 loading, and running programs and for manipulating and temporarily storing data;
ROM (read only memory) is nonvolatile, nonmodifiable computer memory, used to hold programmed instructions to the system.
The more memory you have in your computer, the more operations you can perform that is the faster it works.
2 Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. What are four categories of computer hardware?
2. What are two types of computer memory?
3 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в указанном времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Windows 95 and 98 (to have) very convenient interface - Present Simple
2. He (to delete) files into the Recycle Bin – Past Simple
3. This businessman (to open) many shops – Future Perfect
4. She (to work) at our institute – Future Simple.
5. Users (to spend) most of their time in Windows – Present Simple
6. Our firm (to buy) new equipment by the end of June – Past Perfect
7. We (to return) home at 7– Past Simple
8. The engineers (to test) new machines at the workshop – Present Continuous
9. I (to finish) this difficult test – Future Perfect
10. This equipment (to send) signals over long distances – Future Continuous.
4 Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты в предложениях, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Russian engineers will be able to create new machines.
2. May we help you?
3. The girl will be allowed to go for a walk.
4. You must phone your parents.
5. My brother had to go to London on Wednesday.
6. My mother can speak German and French.
Вариант 9
1 Прочитайте и переведите текст. Абзацы 2,3 и 4 перепишите и переведите письменно.
OUTPUT HARDWARE AND STORAGE HARDWARE
1. The purpose of storage hardware is to store computer instructions and data in a form that is relatively permanent and. Storage hardware serves the same basic functions as do office filing systems except that it stores data as electromagnetic signals. The most common ways of storing data are Hard disk (HDD), floppy disk and CD-ROM.
Hard disk is a rigid disk coated with magnetic material, for storing programs and relatively large amounts of data.
2. Floppy disk (diskette) - thin, usually flexible plastic disk coated with magnetic material, for storing computer data and programs. There are two formats for floppy disks: 5.25" and 3.5". 5.25" is not used in modern computer systems because of it relatively large size, flexibility and small capacity. 3,5" disks are formatted 1.44 megabytes and are widely used.
3. CD-ROM (compact disc read only memory) is a compact disc on which a large amount of digitized read-only data can be stored. CD-ROMs are very popular now because of the growing speed which CD-ROM drives can provide nowadays.
The purpose of output hardware is to provide the user with the means to view information produced by the computer system. Information is output in either hardcopy or softcopy form. Hardcopy output can be held in your hand, such as paper with text (word or numbers) or graphics printed on it. Softcopy output is displayed on a monitor.
4. Monitor is a component with a display screen for viewing computer data, television programs, etc. Printer is a computer output device that produces a paper copy of data or graphics. Modem is an example of communication hardware — an electronic device that makes possible the transmission of data to or from computer via telephone or other communication lines.
5. Hardware comes in many configurations, depending on what the computer system is designed to do. Hardware can fill several floors of a large office building or can fit on your lap.
2 Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. What is “CD-Rom”?
2. What does it mean “a floppy disk”?
3 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в указанном времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Every document (to provide) instructions – Present Simple
2. The student (to open) a new file – Past Simple
3. This system (to decide) many problems – Future Perfect
4. They (store) the information on a disk – Future Simple.
5. Operating systems (to control) the use of the printer – Present Simple
6. Our institute (to educate) good specialists by this period – Past Perfect
7. We (to understand) our task exactly – Past Simple
8. The engineers (to work) at new programs – Present Continuous
9. I (to finish) my work successfully – Future Perfect
10. They (to carry) sounds over long distances – Future Continuous.
4 Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты в предложениях, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Will he be able to graduate from the institute?
2. Can we help him?
3. Students will be allowed to continue the work.
4. People must think about their future.
5. My friend had to come to us on Wednesday.
6. May I go to the exhibition with other students?
Вариант 10
1 Прочитайте и переведите текст. Абзацы 2,3 и 4 перепишите и переведите письменно.
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
1. The term computer is used to describe a device made up of a combination of electronic and electromechanical (part electronic and part mechanical) components. Computer has no intelligence by itself and is referred to as hardware. A computer system is a combination of five elements:
Hardware
Software
People
Procedures
Data/information
2. When one computer system is set up to communicate with another computer system, connectivity becomes the sixth system element. In other words, the manner in which the various individual systems are connected — for example, by phone lines, microwave transmission, or satellite — is an element of the total computer system.
3. Software is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task. Without software instructions, the hardware doesn't know what to do. People, however, are the most important component of the computer system: they create the computer software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present.
4. The basic job of computer is processing information. Computers accept information in the form of instruction called a programme and characters called data to perform mathematical and logical operations, and then give the results. The data is raw material while information is organized, processed, refined and useful for decision making. Computer is used to convert data into information.
5. Data communication within and between computers systems is handled by system software. Communications software transfers data from one computer system to another. These programmes usually provide users with data security and error checking along physically transferring data between the two computer’s memories. During the past five years the developing electronic network communication has stimulated more and more companies to produce various communication software, such as Web-Browsers for Internet.
2 Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. What are five elements of a computer?
2. What is software used for?
3 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в указанном времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. This document (to provide) instructions – Present Simple
2. The engineer (to open) a new project – Past Simple
3. This system (to decide) many important questions – Future Perfect
4. We (store) this information on a disk – Future Simple.
5. Operating systems (to control) the use of equipment – Present Simple
6. Their parents (to educate) good children by this period – Past Perfect
7. We (to understand) these rules – Present Perfect
8. The engineer (to work) at a new program – Present Continuous
9. I (to finish) my difficult work – Past Continuous
10. They (to carry) suite cases to the platform– Future Continuous.
4 Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты в предложениях, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. We were able to graduate from the institute?
2. Can you translate this article?
3. Students were allowed to continue the work.
4. You must think about your examinations.
5. The secretary had to book tickets.
6. May I ask a question, please?
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
Основная:
1. Кожевникова Т. В. Английский язык для университетов и институтов связи: учеб. для вузов / Т.В. Кожевникова. – 2-е изд., испр. И доп. - М.: Радио и связь, 2008.
2. Луговая А. Л. Современные средства связи: учеб. пособие по англ. языку / А.Л.Луговая. - Изд.2-е, испр.- М.: Высш. шк., 2008.
3. English for Computer Science Students; учеб. Пособие / [сост. Т.В.Смирнова, М.В.Юдельсон; науч. ред. Н.А.Дударева]. 7-е изд. – М.: Флинта: Наука, 2008.
Дополнительная:
1.Деловой английский: учебник / [Н.А.Андреева, М.В.Кулемекова, Л.С.Пичкова, Т.Е.Скворцова]; отв. ред. Л.С.Пичкова. – М.: Проспект, 2010.
2. Бонк Н. А. Учебник английского языка: В 2 ч. / Н.А.Бонк, Г.А.Котий, Н.А.Лукьянова. - Рыбинск: РДП, 2008.
3. Новый деловой английский = New English for Business: учеб. англ. яз./ В. Г. Дарская, К. В. Журавченко, Л. А. Лясецкая и др.- М.: Вече, 2007.
4. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям = English-Russian Dictionary of Information Technology: 60 000 терминов / сост С.Б.Орлов. – Изд. 4-е, стереотип. – М.: РадиоСофт, 2011.
5. Черепанов А.Т. Англо-русский словарь сокращений по компьютерным технологиям, информатике, электронике и связи: [более 42 000 аббревиатур и сокращений] / А.Т.Черепанов. СПб.: БХВ - Петербург, 2009.
6. Потемкина Е.В. Иностранный язык: методические указания по выполнению самостоятельной работы для студентов очной формы обучения на базе С(П)ОО всех технических специальностей и направлений (210400, 210401.65, 210402.65, 210404.65, 210405.65, 21-406.65, 210312.65, 230105.65, 210300) / Е.В.Потемкина. – Екатеринбург: Изд-во УрТИСИ ГОУ ВПО «СибГУТИ», 2009.
7. Потемкина Е.В. Иностранный язык: методические указания к практическим занятиям для студентов очной формы обучения на базе С(П)ОО всех технических и экономических специальностей и направлений / Е.В.Потемкина.