Y.A. KRUTIKOV, I.S. KUZMINA, Kh.V. RABINOVICH
EXERCISES IN MODERN ENGLISH GRAMMAR
THE NOUN
CLASSIFICATION OF NOUNS
Exercise 1 p. 7. State whether the nouns in bold type are proper or common.
1. By the time the clock on the tower struck midnight the streets of the city were almost deserted. 2. The group of ancient fortified buildings, collectively termed the Tower, is of the greatest historical interest. It is situated not far from the City. 3. Don't you know the picture? It's a Kramskoy. 4. Young Jolyon, his wife, his two children, and his dog Balthazar, were all out there under a pear-tree. (Gls.) 5. The Van Dyke we spoke about is in the Hermitage. 6. History has dealt with Hitler; history will deal with allwould be Hitlers. (Jst) 7. The "Albatross" dropped anchor at a small port to get a new supply of fresh water. 8. The albatross is a large sea bird. 9. The snow-covered summit was glistening in the rays of the rising sun. 10. There was a town, down there, as flat as a flannel cake, and called Summit, of course. (Hn.).
Exercise 2 p. 7. State whether the nouns in bold type denote countable or uncountable objects. Translate the sentences into Russian and compare the number in Russian and in English.
I. The box is made of iron and has a tricky lock. 2. The fever within her was like a red-hot iron pressing upon her breast. 3. Montanelli took the hand and examined it closely. "Have they put irons on a fresh wound?" (V.) 4. There was a moon, but it was still low in the sky. It gave sufficient light for Victoria. 5. He saw a light in one window on the ground floor. 6. "Will you do me a favour?" "With pleasure. " 7. A pleasure to give a good wine to a young woman who looked so well, who knew how to dress, with charming manners, quite distinguished — a pleasure to entertain her. (Gls.) 8. The thought of her was like champagne itself! (Gls.) 9. The book gives much food for thought. 10. Health is a priceless possession. 11. Of all prosperity their respective healths naturally concerned them (the Forsytes) most. (Gls.) 12. The boys stood on the bank throwing stones into the river. 13. When I think of this my heart turns to stone. 14. He (James) stretched out his hand to meet that of a dapper clean-shaven man, with hardly a hair on his head. (Gls.) 15. Her hair has gone quite grey. 16. When the dynamite explodes in the water the fish are killed. It is forbidden. (Ald) 17. I prefer fish for supper. 18. All the water rushed out and the reeds were full of fishes flopping around in them.
Exercise 3 p. 8. State whether the nouns in bold type are collective nouns or nouns of multitude.
I. My family is now in the country. 2. It was eleven o'clock before the family were all in bed. (Hrd.) 3. Then one by one the worn out crew were helped on board. 4. The crew of the ship consists of twenty seamen including the captain and his mate. 5. No one had seen him since and the police were searching for him. 6. The band were changed, and in the gallery already. (DuM) 7. And Stilleveld, in company with the many other places like it, had also been the birthplace of a new people. A people who were neither white nor black. (Ab) 9. All the peoples throughout the world are anxious for the immediate prohibition of weapons of mass destruction.
NUMBER
Exercise 4 p. 8. Give the plural of:
a) toe,city, hero, piano, calf, cliff, proof, chief, stitch, bath, Negro, Hindoo, belief, life, shelf, berry, valley, roof
b) foot, boot, ox, fox, man, German, woman, mouth, mouse, child, ship, goose, noose, deer, cheese, Burmese, sheep
c) crisis, phenomenon, datum, nucleus, basis, apparatus, corps, criterion, series, analysis, formula
d) room-mate, fellow-worker, court-martial, man-of-war, boy-messenger, onlooker, passer-by, sister-in-law, merry-go-round
Exercise 5 p 9. State the number of the following nouns and give the corresponding singular or plural, if any.
brethren, memoranda, antenna, means, scissors, school-inspector, pence, Frenchman, Roman, sanatoria, cafeteria, strata, vertebra, automata, fish, photo, axes, physics, mechanics, cloth, commander-in-chief, works, forget-me-not, swine, halves, staff, sleeves, grief, mice, species, governor-general, contents, sledges, business, knowledge, feet, corps, phenomena, clothes, bases, headquarters, Japanese, nebula
Exercise 6 p. 9. Change the number of the noun in bold type where possible and make all other necessary changes.
I. The boy drove many sheep in the direction of the village. 2. During the festival Imade friends with many foreign delegates. Among them were a Swiss, a Negro, a German, a Frenchman and others. 3. I was presented with a dozen handkerchiefs. 4. The boy must have two teeth pulled out. 5. The hunter got a prize for killing the wolf that had caused much damage to the village flock. 6. The child was bitterly crying over the broken toy. 7. The factory club bought a ‘ cello for their orchestra. 8. He showed me a photo of his country house. 9. She gave the dog a fish. 10. This tea is of a fine flavour. 11. The scout brought some valuable information. 12. I bought a pair of nylon gloves. 13. I saw a mouse in the kitchen. 14. The ox drove a cart of hay. 15. A very strange phenomenon was observed by astronomers yesterday. 16. Her hair was soft and curly.
Exercise 7 p. 9. Translate into English.
a) 1. Мне нужен совет в этом деле. 2. Почему вы пренебрегли его советами? 3. Многие из этих советов нам очень пригодились. 4. Все сведения были очень важные. 5. Мы получили такие же сведения. 6. Эти деньги не мои. 7. Сколько у тебя денег? —У меня мало денег; их не хватит на покупку приемника. 8. Его познания в этой области поразили нас.9. Ваших знаний недостаточно, чтобы провести эту работу. 10. Его работы в области физики широко известны за пределами страны. 11, Какая интересная работа! 12. Какие вы нам принесли новости? 13. Какая дождливая погода! 14. Эти новости уже всем известны. 15. Болельщикам всегда приятно слышать об успехах их команды. 16. Он сделал такие большие успехи!
b) 1. Фрукты Кавказа направляются во все концы бывшего Советского Союза. 2. Фрукты в нашем саду уже созрели. 3. Какие из этих овец будут посланы на выставку? 4. Мои часы отстают; их нужно отдать в починку. 5. Мне очень нравятся эти часы. Где вы их купили? б. Как у тебя дела с фонетикой? Сделал ли ты какие-нибудь успехи за этот семестр? 7. Товар только что прибыл на станцию. Его разгрузят сегодня. 8. Лестница была очень крутая. 9. Франция славится своими винами. 10. В аквариуме было пять рыбок, одна из них золотая. 11. Рыбаки были довольны: они поймали много рыбы. 12. Произведения Пушкина переведены не только на европейские, но и на восточные языки. 13. Эта ваза — настоящее произведение искусства. 14. Содержание вашего сочинения не соответствует теме. 15. Мои попутчики были веселые и интересные люди. 16. Витрина нового магазина привлекала внимание всех прохожих. 17. Возьмите эти ножницы, они острые. 18. Мальчик вырос, и брюки стали ему коротки. 19. Он уложил в чемодан две пары брюк, три рубашки, носовые платки, полдюжины носков, два полотенца и задумался — что же еще нужно положить. 20. Они шли парами. 21. В коробке было шесть пар чулок. 22. Ураган нанес большой ущерб урожаю. 23. Столкновение произошло по вине нашего шофера, ему придется оплатить убытки. 24. У нее хорошие густые волосы.
CASE
Exercise 8 p. 10. Replace the of-phrase by the noun in the possessive case.
a) 1. The wife of our teacher. 2. The order of the commander-in-chief. 3. The house of Mr. Rochester. 4. The novels of Dickens. 5. The ball of the boys. 6. The life of a bachelor. 7. The works of this economist. 8. A dress of a lady. 9. A meeting of students. 10. The flat of my mother-in-law. 11. The rights of women.
b) 1. A distance of two miles. 2. The crew of the ship. 3. The theatres of Moscow. 4. An interval of three hours. 5. The oil deposits of the world. 6. The rays of the sun. 7. The population of England. 8. The joys of life. 9. For the sake of convenience.
c) 1. The mother of Mary and Ann. 2. The fathers of Peter and John. 3. The novels of Ilf and Petrov. 4. The poems of Byron and Shelley. 5. The children of my sister Irene. 6. The speech of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. 7. The times of Peter the Great. 8. The correspondent of the Times of India.
Exercise 9 p. 10. Replace the possessive case by a prepositional group where possible.
1. The only thing that stood out clearly was his parentsэ house. 2. Nobody could explain the young girls' behaviour at yesterday's dinner. 3. The boy got his first week's salary and looked very proud. 4. You don't object to the speaker's proposal, do you? 5. We found the boy looking through a children's magazine. 6. After an hour or so's break the committee resumed their work. 7. In those days he lived, for economy's sake, in a little town. 8. There was a moment's silence between them. 9. It was a typical student's mistake. 10. The morning's post brought me a surprise in the shape of a letter. 11. They are the same author's books.
Exercise 10 p. 11. Replace the prepositional groups by the possessive case where possible.
1. The teacher drew the attention of the students to the peculiarity of the style of the author. 2. Before I could say a word, the sound of carriage wheels was heard. 3. The girl was nicely dressed for the ceremony of the evening. 4. He did not want to hurt the feelings of the girl. 5. There was a spot of ink on the table cloth. 6. I spent a fortnight in the house of my friend. 7. The pursuit of the enemy stopped only at nightfall. 8. There was a great variety of books for children on display. 9. I could not agree with the interpretation of the piece by the conductor. 10. We visited the village of Mikhailovskoye where Pushkin, the great poet of Russia, lived in exile. 11. The interest of Sophia, the youngest daughter in the family of general Korvin-Krukovsky, to mathematics was considered to be a whim. 12. Never shall I forget those words of my father. 13. We could not tear our eyes off the hands of the pianist. 14. The river was at a distance of a mile and a half from the camp. 15. The wings of the plane were getting ice-crusted. 16. She contributes to a magazine for women.
Exercise 11 p. 11. Replace the word combinations in bold type by the absolute possessive. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. The party was held in the house of the Johnsons. 2. The major was one of Papa's particular friends. 3. The third house on the right hand was one of Stevensons' footwear shops. 4. It was the actor who absorbed Tony's attention simply because he had absorbed the attention of Lilly. 5. I promised to call for my wife at the place of her parents. 6. We heard the news from one of the Smiths' relations. 7. When the aunt's eyes met the eyes of Tom she understood that he was lying. 8. His mouth opened like that of a Marathon runner. 9. He would never let anyone sit on his chair, which was one of my uncle's whims. 10. The carriage came round to take the children to the house of their grandmother. 11.There is no music I like better than the music by Tchaikovsky. 12. The man was notable most for his hands. Large hands they were, but shaped like the hands of a woman. 13. The mother took the ring off her finger and put it on the finger of her daughter. 14. The dog did not respond to the voice. It was not the voice of his master. 15. He was sure that it was one of Peter's tricks. 16. Fanny's costume was the nicest at the fancy ball. 17. The best results at the competition were shown by Michael. 18. I saw a flush on Mary Pearson's face, I saw a smile on the face of Mr. Pearson as he glanced at her. 19. His mother's eyes were blood-shot, and so were Mabel's eyes; so had been the eyes of everybody he had looked at.
Exercise 12 p. 12. Translate into English. Pay attention to the use of the possessive case.
1. В витрине магазина было много мужских и дамских шляп разных фасонов. 2. Лагерь туристов был расположен на берегу реки. 3. По дороге мы зашли в цветочный магазин и купили большой букет роз — любимые цветы моей матери. 4. Наступило минутное молчание; все почувствовали себя неловко. 5. Они прошли в отдел детской обуви. 6. Мнения разошлись. Одни предлагали устроить новогодний вечер у Серовых, а другие -- у Никитиных. 7. Глаза ее были такие же красивые, как и у ее матери, а подбородок такой же волевой, как у отца. 8. Вы бы хоть ради приличия посидели еще несколько минут. 9. В санаториях после обеда полагается отдыхать в течение часа. 10. Дети приводили в порядок сад, убирали прошлогодние листья и подстригали кусты и деревья. 11. Он был на волосок от смерти. Только чудо его спасло. 12. Картина “Пушкин у моря” — работа кисти Айвазовского и Репина. 13. Портрет жены Рембрандта -- один из шедевров художника. 14. Население Лондона с пригородами составляет более 12 миллионов. 15. Друзья долго не виделись и, когда встретились, вволю наговорились. 16. Мы с братом купили башмаки в одно и то же время. Мои уже износились, а у брата еще совсем новые. 17. У него не было своего велосипеда, и, когда ему нужно было поехать на станцию, он брал велосипед у соседа. 18. Чье предложение вы поддерживаете — директора или главного инженера? 19. Как зовут сестру вашего приятеля? 20. “Кармен”, наиболее популярная опера Бизе, была написана на сюжет известной новеллы Мериме. 21. Это не его слова, они принадлежат какому-то писателю.
REVISION EXERCISES
Exercise 13 p. 12. Put the nouns in brackets in the correct number.
a) more than one (day); twenty-one (day); one and a half (mile); one (mile) and a half; one or two (metre); 0.5 (metre); three (foot); five (foot) six; a (pair) of shoes; two (pair) of shoes; to walk in (pair); (dozen) of socks; a (dozen) of socks; by the (dozen); four (dozen) buttons
b) 1. The man took five (fish) out of the bag and gave each dog a (fish). 2. I wondered at the variety of (fish) in his aquarium. 3. Our (family) are all good chess-players. 4. Our (family) are next door neighbours. 5. The fruit trees were all in (blossom). 6. The bush was all covered with starlike (blossom). 7. The (people) of all the five continents were represented at the Moscow World Youth Festival. 8. The Russian (people) are very hospitable. 9. At the many pavilions of the Exhibition one could see the various (fruit) grown on the vast territory of our country. 10. You must eat more (fruit).
Exercise 14 p. 13. Translate the following word combinations into English using the possessive case. (Dictation-translation.)
дочь моей младшей сестры, младшая дочь моей сестры; Пятая симфония Чайковского; прежний секретарь директора; еще один охотничий рассказ, рассказ другого охотника; эта старая дамская шляпа, шляпа этой старой дамы, старая шляпа этой дамы; традиции студентов Оксфорда, старые студенческие традиции; первая жена Ивана Грозного; заявление нового правительства, новое заявление правительства; прибытие в Лондон советского посла в Англии
Exercise 15 p. 13. Insert s, 's, or s' instead of the hyphens where necessary.
1. This is a new edition of Esenin- poem-. 2. That man was Vera- and Nelly- old teacher- of music. 3. Those were Nick- and Kate- parent-. 4. We spent a week- holiday at the Barton-. 5. We spent a two week- holiday with the Barton-. 6. The book is neither John- nor Mary-. 7. It was neither John- nor Mary-. 8. I haven't seen anything of John- of late. 9. I haven't touched a single book of John-. 10. Father took some money from his pocket and put it into my younger brother-. 11. Father took some money from his pocket and gave it to my younger brother-. 12. His eyes narrowed like a cat-. 13. He moved around softly like a cat-. 14. Vakhtangov- life was short but bright. 15. The Vakhtangov- theatre is one of the leading Moscow- theatre-. 16. The Queen- of Belgium- visit to Moscow was timed to the Tchaikovsky- World Competition of Violinists and Pianists. 17. Tchaikovsky- house in Klin is now a museum. 18. The wall- in the hunter- club were decorated with mountain goat- and wild deer- horn-. 19. A great many scientist- took partin the First International Geophysical Year. 20. Many a time did he rewrite some of his novel- chapter- before submitting it to the reader- judgement-.
THE ARTICLE
Exercise 1 p. 13. Explain the use of the indefinite article. Translate into Russian, rendering the meaning of the indefinite article where possible.
1. I wish I were a poet to describe it to you. 2. She treated Lanny with the respect a teacher deserves whether he is white, or blue, or green. (Ab) 3. Only a month now remains, and not a moment must be lost. 4. A man passed, then a group of labourers, a boy with a flock of sheep, a carriage attended by armed me; a horseman trotted by. (Lnd.) 5. "It's always been a pain to me that the Kaffirs had a school while we didn't." (Ab) 6. Each occasion... made him feel the great gulf that separates a minister, any minister, from a private member of the House. (Bt) 7. Nobody's love is as constant and unselfish as a mother's. 8. After a while a light flashed in and a voice yelled, "Get up out of here." (Sxt)
Exercise 2 p. 14. Insert a, some or any where necessary. Change the number of the nouns, making all other necessary changes.
1.... letter of or to... soldier can be sent without... stamp. 2.... drugstore in the USA and Canada is... shop where one can get not only... medicines but also... drinks and snacks. 3.... days passed, but there weren't... signs of... change coming. 4. There remained... toast,... rolls, and... bun on the plate. 5. Shall I treat you to... apple or... pear? — I always prefer... apples to... pears. 6. Give me... nail. I bought... picture and want to have it fixed. 7. The other day I spoke to... geologists who told me that... new deposit of diamonds had been found in this region. 8.... man's jacket usually has... breast pocket. 9. I expect to get... letter from them in two weeks. 10. When... tankmen return from the army to their native village they very often become... drivers or... mechanics.
Exercise 3 p. 14. Translate into English.
I. Он никогда не выходил из дома без галош и зонтика. 2. Недавно я познакомился с одним моряком; он только что вернулся из кругосветного путешествия. 3. Не проехали мы и километра, как что-то случилось с колесом. 4. В поезде дальнего следования обычно имеется вагон-ресторан. 5. Вы можете дать мне почитать какой-нибудь журнал? — У меня есть сейчас журналы, но не думаю, чтобы они вам были интересны. 6. Я не курю сигары. Не могли ли бы вы дать мне сигарету? 7. Друг так не поступает. 8. Он любит пить не из чашки, а только из стакана. 9. Сколько человек может вместить зал вроде этого? 10. Проблема такого рода должна вас интересовать. 11. В маленькой комнате книжная полка удобней, чем шкаф. 12. В морском параде приняли участие подводные лодки и авианосец.
Exercise 4 p. 14. Insert the appropriate articles where necessary.
1.... door is locked. 2. Have you... telephone? 3.... telephone is out of order. 4. It is dark on... landing. 5. Do you like... dogs? 6. Don't tease... dog. 7. Never try to stroke... dog if you don't know it. 8.... fountain-pen won't write. 9. Have you got... fountain-pens on sale? 10. Where can I have... coat made to order? 11. Where did you have... coat made? 12. In this store they always have a wide choice in... coats and... suits. 13. … suits are ready-made. 14. Where is... key? 15. How many flats are there in... house? 16. How much are... dinner-sets? How many articles are there in... set? 17. How much are... dinner sets nowadays?
Exercise 5 p. 15. Translate into English. (Dictation-translation.)
1. а) Мне нужно снять комнату. b) Проветри комнату. 2. а) Нож не режет. b) У тебя нет ножа? с) Возьми нож и отрежь себе хлеба. 3. а) Мы не знали, что здесь есть озеро. b) Озеро глубокое. 4. а) Замок сломался. b) Кому бы мне отдать починить замок? с) Ты не знаешь, где чинят замки? d) He забудь купить замок. 5. а) У нас сегодня апельсины на третье. b) Апельсины в буфете, с) Возьми себе апельсин. d) Апельсин не кислый?
Exercise 6 p. 15. Analyse the use of the articles in bold type.
1. Her son had not only come home but he had come home a good person. (Ab) 2. " The best thing, I think, son, is for you to move in with me," said the preacher. (Ab) 3. Mabel looked at her mother. Her mother saw the look; it was a look the old and the very wise gave to those who were not so wise. It was not the look of a child. (Ab) 4. He had never come across a fact so incredible as this fact. (Sxt) 5. Many an evening had they run thus to catch a last bus or train from some distant point of the Cape Peninsula. And now they were running for the last time to catch the train that would take Celia out of his life forever. (Ab)
Exercise 7 p. 15. Insert articles if necessary.
1.... chorus of young voices repeating the lesson came from the class-room. 2. We want... place where we can live in peace and freedom. (Ab) 3.... echo of her footsteps died away. 4. Across the yard walked... young men in... black robes and... four-cornered hats. 5. The yacht,... large and luxurious craft, lay at anchor in the bay. 6.... man, who had preceded her to the entrance, opened the door. 7. He was evidently … man who had never in his life had the slightest doubt as to his abilities. 8. Francis had made it a point in knowing... right people who would write about her. 9. I want you to choose... right road,... road your father and grandfather had chosen. 10.... road he took soon brought him to... street where fishermen lived. 11. When I begin to feel drowsy, I change … heavy book I am reading for... lighter one, 12. She shook her head a trifle— just... trifle that was meant for "no". 13. The door was opened after some delay by … very dirty child with... nose that needed attention. 14. … book that reads well gets soon dog-eared. 15. The boy was casting frightened glances at... dentist who was getting ready. 16. The man poured himself another glass of wine with... hand that shook with irritable anger.
Exercise 8 p. 16. Translate into English.
1. Они вошли в вагон, в котором не было свободных мест. 2. В вагоне, в который они вошли, не было свободных мест. 3. Сегодня группа туристов, которая состоит в основном из студентов, начнет подъем на Эльбрус. 4. Группа туристов, которая нач-ала сегодня подъем на Эльбрус, состоит из студентов. 5. В городе строится новый стадион, который будет вмещать 10 тысяч зрителей. 6. Кто разработал проект нового стадиона, который строится в вашем городе? 7. Роль Анны играла молодая талантливая актриса, которая недавно окончила театральный институт. 8. В газетах очень много писали о молодой талантливой актрисе, которая сыграла роль Анны. 9. Она посмотрела на часы на углу и поняла, что опоздает на поезд. 10. На углу нашей улицы висят часы, которые приводятся в действие электричеством. 11. Вашего сына будет оперировать хирург, который ейчас работает над диссертацией на эту тему. 12. Хирург, который будет оперировать вашего сына, как раз работает над диссертацией на эту тему.
Exercise 9 p. 16. Insert the appropriate articles where necessary.
1. … coverof … book attracts … attention of … children at once. 2.... head of the expedition was... man who had travelled a lot. 3. Every morning he would come to … top of … hill to drink in the beauty of... pastures of which he felt himself … owner. 4. He could not forget … face of … girl with... fine profile of... Greek statue. 5. Mr. Drum was... large man with... head full of grey hair, rather unkempt. 6. When the sprinter came to... finish... blood was pounding in his head and ears. 7. The earth shook with... roar of... guns. 8. When... race was over... victor made … traditional round of … track, carrying … wreath of victory. 9. Tziolkovsky was …son of … forester. 10. He was … single child. 11. He was … only boy of … children. 12. What's that place! — Mako's Kraal. They have... school there. Young Mako is … tеасhег."
Exercise 10 p. 16. Use the appropriate article with nouns denoting things considered to be unique.
1. The clouds were lying so closely below the plane that nothing could be seen of... earth. 2. The huge disc of... moon was rising in... east. 3. The clouds broke away and we had the advantage of... full moon. 4. Magellan was killed in battle. 18 of his companions reached Spain in 1522, completing the first voyage round... world. 5. Quite... new world opened before him. 6. The night was so dark that the sailors could distinguish neither... sky nor... sea. 7.... sea was sparkling under... cloudless sky. 8.... clear midday sky was suddenly overcast by heavy clouds coming from nowhere. 9. The air was filled with the odour of... sea of blossoms. 10.... high noon sun was incredibly strong,... summer sun now, sudden, uncompromising.
Exercise 11 p. 17. Analyse the use of the article with the nouns in bold type. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. The tiger is a big cat-like animal ranging in several races from India and the Malay Peninsula to Siberia. 2. The clown appeared in the English circus first. 3. All the four sides and angles of the square are equal. 4. The invention of the radio was for a long time ascribed to Marconi. 5. Kennedy's Plain was always a good trapping ground because it was unfrequented by man and yet lay between heavy woods and settlement. (Thp)
Exercise 12 p. 17. Translate into English. Pay attention to the generic use of nouns.
1. Волк и шакал принадлежат к семейству собачьих. 2. Долгое время братья Райт считались изобретателями самолета. Теперь документально доказано, что самолет изобрел русский инженер Можайский. 3. Русский летчик Нестеров первый сделал петлю в воздухе, и некоторое время она так и называлась “петля Нестерова”. 4. Во время войны многие писатели сменили перо на винтовку. 5. В Бирме торговля всегда была занятием женщины. Она же наследует имущество, и муж, как правило, входит в дом жены. 6. Тадж-Махал — одно из прекраснейших сооружений, когда-либо созданных человеком.
Exercise 13 p. 17. Insert articles where necessary.
1. a) The airplane in which Francis was travelling East ran into... heavy weather. b) He had travelled in the plane faster than the rain and when he came to New York,... weather was sunny and mild there. 2. a) You can't be satisfied with... progress you have made. b) The patient was making such... noticeable progress that the doctor hoped he would not have to stay in bed much longer. 3. a) I am grateful to you for... advice you gave me. b) He wondered what... advice the old worker would give him. c) I think I can give you... piece of... good advice. 4. a) I am satisfied with... news I managed to get. b) Napoleon had landed in Cannes, and such... fatal news had ruined Amelia's father. 5. a) Where have you got such … important information from? b) He tried to piece together... information he got from different sources. c) How did you manage to stumble upon such... fine piece of... information while we were still in the dark? 6. a) He received an evasive answer to his request for … work. b) He put away... work, assuring me that he had nothing-to do that could not wait till the next day. c) Martin Eden had done his usual day's work, which was the equivalent to... week's work of the average successful writer. d) I intended to do... little work before going to bed. e) Look at the necklace. What... fine piece of... work!
Exercise 14 p. 18. Translate into English. (Dictation-translation.)
a) 1. Это очень хороший совет, 2. Совет хороший. 3. Что нового? 4. Новости хорошие? 5. Он привез плохие вести. 6. Такие сведения всегда нужны. 7. Сведения уже поступили? 8. Не стоит трогаться в путь в плохую погоду. 9. Мы не тронемся, пока погода не переменится. 10. Дай деньги мне. Ты ведь такой рассеянный, ты их всегда теряешь.
b) I. Какой мудрый совет! 2. Какие полезные советы! 3. Какая была скверная погода! 4. Был такой чудесный день! 5. Какой неожиданный визит! 6. Это такая неожиданная новость. 7. Он нашел такую хорошую работу! 8. Какая интересная работа! 9. Не забудь прочитать книгу. Это такая интересная книга! 10. Группа сделала такие успехи! 11. Какой успех имела пьеса!. 12. Какие ценные сведения! 13. Это такая серьезная статья! 14. Какую хорошую статью вы написали!
Exercise 15 p. 18. Insert an article where necessary.
1.... water is precious in this area and must be paid for. 2. Don't drink from this pond,... water is stale. 3.... coal of Newcastle is rich in carbon. 4.... coal gas is formed by burning … coal; it is... gas used for heating and illuminating. 5.... hot coal fell from … fire and burned a hole in the carpet. 6. According to the Greek myth Prometheus stole... fire from Olympus to give it to men. 7. They built... fire to mark the place for the plane to land. 8.... air was filled with the odour of flowers. 9.... fresh air was circulating through all the rooms to my uncle's great discontent. 10. There was... air of importance about him. 11. Sacks of... sand were taken up in the balloon as ballast. 12. The tide was out and the children were digging in... wet sand. 13. This is... tea I am particularly fond of. I don't think there is... better tea than this. 14.... tea is cultivated in the south of our country. 15. "Two teas and... coffee, please, some milk, too." 16. "What will you have for breakfast?" "... egg and a cup of... coffee." 17. A sandwich consists of two slices of... buttered bread with... meat,... fish,... egg,... cheese or something of the kind between them. 18. I won't eat... fish. It's not fresh. 19. A shark is... fish which is destructive to other fishes and dangerous to man. 20. Dishes, piled with... fruit, stood at either end of the table. 21. In a week or two … fruit in our garden will be ripe. 22. The old man's head shook from side to side like … ripe fruit in the wind ready to drop.
Exercise 16 p. 19. Translate into English. (Dictation-translation.)
1. Вода слишком холодная. 2. Подлей воды в суп: он слишком густой. 3. Он попросил стакан воды. 4. Снег был очень глубокий. 5. Он стал белым как снег. 6. Очень трудно ходить по глубокому снегу. 7. Чай горячий. 8. Я люблю чай. 9. Подогрей кофе. 10. Положи лимон в чай. 11. Лимон очень полезен. 12. Нарежь лимон. 13. Купи лимон к чаю. 14. Конфеты не заменяют сахар. 15. Вино кислое. 16. Я предпочитаю сухое вино. 17. Приходи. Я угощу тебя ужином, какого ты никогда не пробовал. 18. Некоторые люди едят мороженое на улице даже зимой. 19. Купи ребенку мороженого. 20. Пока вы разговаривали, мороженое растаяло.
Exercise 17 p. 19. Explain the use or the absence of the article before the nouns in bold type.
1. Andrew was the first to break the silence. (Crn) 2. There was silence for a few moments. Then he said... (Crn) 3. There was a silence, Edward forgot all that he wished to say. (Crn) 4. There was a reflective silence. (Hlt) 5. They walked a few more yards in silence. For more minutes there was again the silence of the open. (Ab) 6. The silence in the room was oppressive. It was a silence that was alive. (M) 7. Light was coming into the cellar from somewhere. With light there had returned hope. (Lnd.) 8. Soon he saw a light in the distance and understood that he was on the right track. 9. He turned the handle and was in the room before he was seen. The light was shaded, his mother was sitting on the far side of the bed. (Ab) 10. After a time, when they had walked a short distance and returned, they sat down beside a timber which they found half buried in the sand. (Sxt) 11. He looked up at Rita with a grin. "Have I ever told you about the time I worked on the Northern Pacific?" 12. Asking Dave to talk about Spain was time wasted. (Sxt) 13. Quiet settled over the little community of Stilleveld, a quiet that was in tune with the stillness of the night. (Ab)
Exercise 18 p. 19. Insert appropriate articles where necessary. '
1. … dampness of this part of the country disagreed with the travellers. 2.... dampness in the air is called humidity. 3. There always was... certain dampness about the room. The ceiling and walls were covered with wet patches. 4. She gazed steadily out of the window, with her back to the room, and... prolonged silence set in. 5. The breakfast proceeded in... silence with, nobody, daring to look up from the plate. 6. … silence grew oppressive. 7. After all these hours of excitement and nervous strain they all relapsed into … silence of fatigue. 8.... greyish light came through the small window in the garret. 9. Hours passed. He could only see … faint light of the night through the dirty window. 10. No sooner had the nurse drawn the curtains aside when... light flooded the room. 11. When it had grown dark in the hall, the servant brought in... light. 12. Somebody asked for... light and I heard a match strike. 13. What … pleasure to see you again! 14. You will read the book with... pleasure. 15. I'm looking forward to... pleasure of entertaining you and your wife. 16. He was silent for … time and drew thoughtfully at the pipe. 17. He was silent all … time. 18. … time flies when one is happy and creeps when one is in... grief.
Exercise 19 p. 20. Translate into English.
1. Международные спортивные встречи способствуют укреплению дружбы между народами. 2. Я еще никогда не видел дружбы крепче, чем дружба этих двух людей. 3. Рыба, заплывающая в Мертвое море, гибнет моментально. Я нашел одну мертвую рыбешку. Она была тверда, как палка, и была покрыта солью, как панцирем. 4. Эти нежные растения нужно первое время держать под стеклом. 5. Через стекло рыбы казались больше, чем они были на самом деле. 6. Часовщик рассматривал механизм через увеличительное стекло. 7. Молодежь с энтузиазмом работала на строительстве клуба. 8. Старик взялся за работу с энтузиазмом юноши. 9. Молодость — лучшая пора жизни. 10. Его специальность -- литература. Сейчас он уже много лет занимается советской литературой. 11. Воздух, окружающий землю, называется атмосферой. 12. В доме царила атмосфера покоя и благополучия. 13. Компания веселых молодых людей с шумом высыпала на улицу. 14. Не составите ли вы нам компанию? 15. Язык служит обществу как средство общения между людьми. 16. При изучении языка необходимо глубоко изучать грамматику. 17. Нам его рекомендовали как человека с хорошим знанием языка. 18. Гостеприимство -- характерная черта русских. 19. Иностранцы, приезжающие к нам, поражаются гостеприимству нашего народа. 20. Она, должно быть, была красавицей в молодости. 21. Мартин Иден глубоко чувствовал красоту. 22. Новый ассистент еще не имеет опыта такой работы. 23. Это было такое переживание! 24. Этот старый рабочий прожил жизнь, которая может служить примером того, как надо жить и бороться. 25. Уже много лет ученые работают над проблемой происхождения жизни на земле.
Exercise 20 p 20. Insert articles where necessary.
a) 1.... morning was bright and sunny. 2. It all happened on … bright and sunny morning. 3. When morning came we were already far out in the sea. 4. It was... early morning; the sun had just risen. 5. It was early in... morning that a loud knock at the door took me out of bed. 6.... day broke cold and windy. 7. The sun rose heralding the break of... day. 8. We returned late in... afternoon. 9. It was... late afternoon when we returned. 10. Now and then, a low roll of thunder broke... night. 11.... evening fell; lights began to appear in the windows. 12. It is pleasant to go for a stroll on such... evening. 13. The elevator was closed for... night and she slowly walked up the two flights of stairs. 14. We are expecting them towards... evening. 15. He spent... restless night, thinking of what could be done. 16. In... winter they used to plan what they would do on... warm day in... summer. 17. Have you got enough wood for... winter? 18. It was... wild and snowy winter.
b) 1. We usually have... dinner at four. 2. What shall we buy for... supper? 3. They had... breakfast of bread-and-butter and an omelette. 4.... dinner is served. 5. After this splendid performance they sat down to... supper. 6. They had... filling but not-too-nourishing breakfast. 7. They decided upon... light supper. 8.... supper was fish and chips. 9. At last... dinner came to an end, but the three went on sitting for a while over their coffee. 10. I made his acquaintance at... official dinner. 11. The consul gave... luncheon in honour of our delegation. 12. He invited me to a restaurant and treated me to... expensive supper.
Exercise 21 p. 21. Translate into English.
I. Мы решили расположиться на ночь у реки. 2. День только что занялся, и воздух был чист и прохладен. 3. Было далеко за полдень, когда мы остановились на привал. 4. По субботам у них обычно бывают гости к ужину. 5. Мы заказали обед из трех блюд. 6. Это случилось одним пасмурным сентябрьским утром. 7. Ненастный день подходил к концу, закат обещал хорошую погоду. 8. Рано утром, до завтрака, спортсмены ходили на речку купаться. 9. В этой столовой вы всегда можете получить горячий завтрак. 10. Вечер был влажный и прохладный. 11. Был холодный и ветреный день. 12. Идите скорей к столу, обед стынет. 13. Что у нас будет к ужину? 14. Мы приедем в Москву рано утром, проведем день в городе, поздно вечером сядем на поезд и на следующий день к ночи будем на месте. 15. Была уже ночь; но, к счастью, это была летняя ночь, и погода стояла сухая. 16. Я зайду после обеда.
Exercise 22 p. 21. Analyse the use or absence of the article with the nouns in bold type.
1. Martin Eden was a self-made man as Jack London himself. 2. There were two Marys in the family, the mother and the daughter. 3. When a Forsyte was engaged, married or born, the Forsytes were present. (Gls.) 4. In the boy (Val) the Dartie and the Forsyte were struggling. (Gls.) 5. She was a Pritchard that married a Brookins and so became my seventh or eighth cousin by marriage. 6. In the principal morning paper there were four pictures of MacGregor on the front page. One picture showed an unshaven MacGregor entering the room. (Ald) 7. She mentioned an Australian girl a Molly Hamilton. (Pr) 8. "I do not, I trust, disturb an Ophelia," said Poirot as he took his seat beside her. (Chr.) 9. The captain... had fallen into possession of a complete Shakespeare. (Ldn) 10. He drank a Martini after dinner and, paying the bill, left the restaurant. 11. Entering the room he asked with some anxiety whether Father was in.
Exercise 23 p. 22. Insert articles where necessary.
a) 1. "What I call... Forsyte," said young Jolyon, "is a man who is a slave of property." 2. There was little sentimentality about... Forsytes. In …great London, which they had conquered, what time had they to be sentimental? 3.... Clyde whom Samuel Griffiths met at the Union League Club in Chicago was different from …Clyde who had fled from Kansas City three years before. 4. He has the humour of... Chekhov. 5. To feel more comfortable you should have taken … Pullman. 6. But it was... very subdued Rose who replied. And it was quite … frightened Rose who rang the bell. 7. The boss counted the group and selected his companions for the trip —... Mr: Wren and a youth named... Morton. 8.1 know as much about him as you do — he is... Mr. Willoughby. 9. One of the correspondents handed MacGregor the paper and asked, "Are you... MacGregor who wrote this?" 10. This John was... different John from... one she had seen round the house. 11. He went downward along the same road along which he had driven when a high-school boy in... stripped-down Ford. 12.... Queen Mary was launched by... Queen Mary in 1938.
b) 1.... Volga is the longest river in... Europe; it flows from... Valdai Hills to... Caspian Sea. 2.... Riviera in... Caucasus is the most popular place in summer. 3.... Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world. 4. … Elbrus is the highest peak in... Europe. 5.... Hague, a city in... Western Netherlands near … North Sea, is the seat of the Dutch government. 6.... Strand opens into... Trafalgar Square, with its fountains,... Nelson's Column, … Admiralty Arch and... National Gallery. 7. Government offices line... Whitehall, and on the right is … famous Downing Street. 8.... Sahara is a great desert in... North Africa, extending from... Atlantic Ocean to... Nile. 9.... Philippines is an archipelago which consists of thousands of islands. 10. … West Indies is a chain of islands between... North and... South America. 11. The turquoise surface of... Mediterranean is never so blue as that of... Adriatic. 12. The travellers stared hard at the distant and blue masses of... Pyrenees. 13.... London of only fifteen years ago! What a commonplace to point out its difference from... London of today. There is... new London which is just as interesting to its new citizens as … old London was to myself.
Exercise 24 p. 23. Translate into English.
1. Вас ждет какой-то Михайлов. 2. Она вышла замуж за Белова, с которым нас познакомили в прошлом году у Никитиных. 3. Константиновы поселились здесь два года тому назад. 4. Она была Добсон и, как все Добсоны, очень умна. 5. Туземец, спасенный Робинзоном Крузо, был назван пятницей, так как именно в пятницу Крузо нашел его. 6. Крылова называли русским Лафонтеном. 7. Москва наших дней — это не Москва XIX века. 8. Иван Владимирович Мичурин родился в 1855 году в деревне Долгое, недалеко от Козлова. Мичурины всегда были садовниками. 9. Крым и Кавказ — лучшие здравницы бывшего Советского Союза. 10. Теперь Москва является портом пяти морей: Белого, Балтийского, Каспийского, Черного и Азовского. 11. Вам нравится эта картина? Это Айвазовский. 12. Он просил меня передать вам, что они пойдут на экскурсию в Эрмитаж на следующей неделе. 13. Мы провели лето на Днепре. 14. Аргентина и Бразилия — наиболее крупные государства Южной Америки. 15. Только недавно нога человека впервые ступила на вершину Эвереста. 16 Мифы древней Греции полны поэзии и народной мудрости. 17. Про какого Алексея Толстого вы говорите? — Про Алексея Толстого, который написал роман “Петр Первый”.
Exercise 25 p. 23. Make up sentences using the following prepositional phrases.
to court, by heart, in town, on sale, at school, by air, in prison, on foot, at hand, from village to village, hand in hand, week by week, from head to foot, day in day out, out of sight
Exercise 26 p. 23. Translate into English. Pay special attention to the rendering of the words in bold type.
1. Будьте внимательнее. Вы сделали ошибку. 2. Простите, я вошел в эту аудиторию по ошибке. 3. Где мать? — Она ушла на рынок купить овощей. 4. Я не знал, что недалеко от нашего дома находится рынок. 5. Рынок был уже закрыт, и мы пошли в магазин. 6. Упражнение № 5 мы сделаем в классе, а это вы сделаете дома. 7. Класс был большой светлой комнатой с тремя окнами. 8. В этом году я в первый раз был в лагере. 9. Лагерь был расположен в лесу. 10. Я перешлю вам эти книги по почте. 11. Почта — важное государственное учреждение. 12. Его уведомили об этом письмом. 13. Мой друг написал мне обо всем этом в письме. 14. Раненого отправили в госпиталь. 15. Моя сестра окончила мединститут и теперь работает в госпитале. 16. Эта книга попалась мне совершенно случайно. 17. Я решил воспользоваться случаем. 18. Мы встретимся после школы? — Где? — У входа в школу. 19. Пассажиры собрались на палубе. 20. На крупных пароходах имеется несколько палуб. 21. Экскурсанты приезжают сюда днем и ночью, сушей и морем. 22. Значительная часть территории Голландии — это земля, отвоеванная людьми у моря.
Exercise 27 p. 24. Insert articles if necessary.
1.... room 215 is on... fifth floor. 2. The car stopped at... corner of... Fifth Avenue and... 112th Street. 3. I was very thirsty and took... second cup of tea, then... third and only after... fourth I felt that I had enough. 4. We have made... first step, but it should be regarded only as... first step, as the beginning. 5. We had better get on... 24.... route No. 9 will take us much more time. 6. "Conductor, where do I get off to change to... bus 5?" 7. They went by... seven o'clock train. 8. I want two tickets for... two-fifteen. 9. In passing the house we noticed... two old women in the front garden talking animatedly. On our way back we found... two women still chatting. 10. The train for Odessa leaves from... platform 1,... track 3. 11. Can … two of you help me?
Exercise 28 p. 24. Translate into English.
1. Глава XIII начинается на странице 57. 2. Вы смотрели обе серии этого фильма? -- Нет, я посмотрел только первую и еще не успел посмотреть вторую. 3. Дом № 8 — четвертый справа. 4. За первым взрывом последовал второй, затем третий. 5. Вот идет 15-й автобус. 6. Будьте добры сказать, когда прибывает двенадцатичасовой поезд. 7. Кто мне разменяет пятидесятирублевую купюру? 8. Не посоветуете ли, как мне добраться до стадиона? — Садитесь на 5-й троллейбус и, когда проедете четыре остановки, пересядьте на 7-й. 7-й довезет вас прямо до места. 9. Раньше стоимость проезда в метро была 5 копеек, но билет покупать было не нужно. Пассажир опускал в автомат пятикопеечную монету. 10. Они живут на улице Чайковского, дом 12, кв. 8, первый подъезд, второй этаж. 11. Их было трое, и все трое одного возраста. 12. Как вы думаете, сможем ли мы вчетвером донести этот прибор?
Exercise 29 p. 24. Insert the definite article or a possessive pronoun.
I. She waved... hand in a farewell gesture. 2. The author took the actress by... hand and led her across the stage to the foot-lights. 3. With... hair hanging in plaits down... back she could pass for a girl of sixteen. 4. His friend pulled him out of the water by... hair. 5. The man was shaking the boy by... shoulder as if he was trying to shake... life out of him. 6. He crossed the street with... little brother on... shoulders. 7. Bill grabbed... shoulder and was steering her out of the room. 8. Hearing these words, the angry man became red in... face. 9. Doris walked over to... father, turned... face and let him kiss her on... cheek. 10. The teacher took Tom by... ear and bore him across the classroom to... former seat. 11. Approaching the sick boy, the doctor put... hand on the child's head, then felt... pulse and gravely shook... head. 12. She felt ridiculous to be patted on... head like a little girl. 13. He felt the hot pavement through... soles of... thin summer shoes. 14. He patted... pockets to see if he had cigarettes, then he remembered that Pat had taken … cigarettes. 15. He was wounded in... knee.
Exercise 30 p. 25. Insert articles where necessary.
1. He had extraordinary sight and could see in... dark what was invisible to most men. 2.... long and... short of the story is that they did finally reach the island but found nobody there. 3. He knew that it would be difficult for... coloured to find a job. 4. The catastrophe broke out like a bolt from... blue. 5. He walked quickly down the street and disappeared in the morning fog; that was... last we saw of him. 6. Spot was a quarrelsome dog and whenever there was a fight he was in... thick of it at once. 7. Beatrice said that the light was of... suitable grey that morning and she intended to make several sketches. 8. Fleur and Jon wanted to live and... past was in their way,... past they didn't understand. 9. A burst of conversation broke out when he opened the door. He heard the emphatic speech of... southern Italian, the quick words of... Dutch, the nasalized intonation of two Americans and the fluid conversation of... only Parisian. 10.... green and... brown do not usually clash; but... green of her pullover was not the right tinge to match... brown of her skirt. 11. The men of the family sat upon the veranda in... cool of the evening. 12. It was Sunday, and every activity of the village was stilled. Sea and, land were equally folded in... sunlit calm.
THE ADJECTIVE
Exercise 2 p. 32. Give the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives.
polite, happy, glad, complete, grey, honourable, shy, dry, just, free, recent, merry, uncomfortable, joyful, hot, thin, accurate, narrow, real, sweet, right, wicked, yellow, gay.
Exercise 4 p. 33. Supply the missing forms.
| Positive | well | near | ||||||||
| Comparative | worse | further | older | later | ||||||
| Superlative | best | farthest | eldest | last |
Exercise 5 p. 33. Insert the appropriate form of the adjective given in brackets and supply the article where necessary.
1. At first I couldn't say which stories in the collection were...; they were all..., but now I see that the last is.... (funny). 2. That was his... step. (clever). 3. The opera theatre is one of... buildings in the city. (beautiful). 4. This problem is as... as the others. (serious). 5. He always chooses... way. (easy). 6. I don't like your behaviour. You ought to be.... (respectful).