Конкурсные задания
«На грани культур, языков и идей»
Переводчиками не рождаются, а становятся
Английский раздел
Номинация I. «Перевод специального текста»
Задание. Перевести с английского языка на русский язык текст научно-технической тематики
Chemical and atomic properties
A neutral atom has the same number of electrons as protons. Thus, different isotopes of a given element all have the same number of protons and electrons and the same electronic structure, and because the chemical behavior of an atom is largely determined by its electronic structure, different isotopes exhibit nearly identical chemical behaviour. The main exception to this is the kinetic isotope effect: due to their larger masses, heavier isotopes tend to react somewhat more slowly than lighter isotopes of the same element. This is most pronounced for protium (1H) vis-à-vis deuterium (2H), because deuterium has twice the mass of protium. The mass effect between deuterium and the relatively light protium also affects the behavior of their respective chemical bonds, by means of changing the centre of gravity (reduced mass) of the atomic systems. However, for heavier elements, the absolute mass of nucleus relative to electrons if far more, and the relative mass difference between isotopes is much less, and thus the mass-difference effects on chemistry are usually negligible.
Isotope half lifes. Note that the darker more stable isotope region departs from the line of protons Z = neutrons N, as the element number Z becomes larger
Similarly, two molecules which differ only in the isotopic nature of their atoms (isotopologues) will have identical electronic structure and therefore almost indistinguishable physical and chemical properties (again with deuterium providing the primary exception to this rule). The vibrational modes of a molecule are determined by its shape and by the masses of its constituent atoms. Consequently, isotopologues will have different sets of vibrational modes. Since vibrational modes allow a molecule to absorb photons of corresponding energies, isotopologues have different optical properties in the infrared range.
Источник:
https://www.topperlearning.com/answer/why-isotopes-have-different-mass-number/y7tbh9oo
Номинация II. Художественный перевод
Задание: Перевести с английского языка на русский язык отрывок из романа Day,Elizabeth, «The Party»
There is no need to dwell too much on what happened next. You can guess most of it. Ihere was a predictable flurry of activity when the bird was discovered to be missing. It was Doris who raised the alarm; Doris, the cleaner, to whom I had never paid much notice, who had always seemed a bit of a dullard with her vacant expression, her yellow dusting cloths tucked into the elasticated waistband of her jeans. Well, Doris told a teacher, who then told the headmistress, who then informed the entire school at assembly that the bird had disappeared to a general commotion of disbelief. Jennifer, sitting cross-legged on the floor in the row in front of me, started crying. Alan Munro patted her arm with his podgy fingers, fat knuckles blotted with dirt. Next to me, Susan Rankin gasped and pulled the cuff of her school jumper over her hand. I was still, head lowered, eyes fixed at a point just to the right of one of my maroon socks. There was, I reasoned, no point feigning emotion. I was not known for being an expressive child. Besides, I don’t think I really cared about being found out. I think I already knew the game was up. I think I wanted it to be. I was so sick of them all, you see.
As the assembly continued, and we shuffled to our feet to sing ‘Morning Has Broken’, I could feel someone looking at me. When I glanced round, my eyes met the heated gaze of Mrs Love, her small features contracting.
She waited until the end of assembly to take me aside, grabbing hold of my arm with surprising force, her thin fingers pressing through my jumper.
So, Martin, she said in a low voice. ‘Do you want to tell me what you did with Sammy?’
‘All right,’ I said. She looked surprised, then led me off to the staffroom which smelled of instant coffee and fig rolls and had old copies of the Guardian and a single dog-eared issue of Horse and Hound stacked up on one of the bookshelves. I confessed without much trouble. I glossed over the finer details of how I’d dispatched the creature, saying simply that I felt it should be put out of its misery. Mrs Love’s face turned from red to white to shiny as a sweat broke out across her upper lip. 1 could see that she didn’t know what to make of me. She actually tried, at one point, to reach out and take my hand.
Задание: Перевести стихотворение с английского языка на русский
The Microbe
The Microbe is so very small
You cannot make him out at all,
But many sanguine people hope
To see him through a microscope.
His jointed tongue that lies beneath
A hundred curious rows of teeth;
His seven tufted tails with lots
Of lovely pink and purple spots,
On each of which a pattern stands,
Composed of forty separate bands;
His eyebrows of a tender green;
All these have never yet been seen--
But Scientists, who ought to know,
Assure us that they must be so....
Oh! let us never, never doubt
What nobody is sure about!
Номинация III Перевод краеведческого текста
Задание. Перевести с русского языка на английский язык