Business 2.0
Page 6
Types of business entity in Russia:[1]
sole trader – ИП
partnerships
Limited liability (Ltd -- ТОО товарищество). cooperatives
Public Limited Company PLC
private limited companies (Russian: общества с ограниченной ответственностью, abbreviated OOO),
joint-stock companies (акционерное общество, abbreviated in English as JSC), which may either be
public ПАО,
open (ОАО OJSC)
or private, closed (PJSC ЗАО), more common
Research and development (R&D)
Page 7 Margin прибыль
Маржа. с учетом т. производств затрат из кот складывается лишь себестоимость продукции, чем выше она, тем выше прибыль
Прибыль – учитывает все затраты – всегда меньше маржи
Retained earnings (RE) Нераспределенная прибыль is the amount of net income left over for the business after it has paid out dividends to its shareholders.... Often this profit is paid out to shareholders, but it can also be re-invested back into the company for growth purposes. The money not paid to shareholders counts as retained earnings.
Нераспределенная прибыль (RE) - это сумма чистой прибыли, оставшаяся для бизнеса после выплаты дивидендов своим акционерам.... Часто эта прибыль выплачивается акционерам, но ее также можно реинвестировать обратно в компанию в целях роста. Деньги, не выплаченные акционерам, считаются нераспределенной прибылью.
gross profit Валовая прибыль
Operating profit is the profitability of the business, before taking into account interest and taxes. To determine operating profit, operating expenses are subtracted from gross profit. Operating profit is a key number for managers to watch as it reflects the revenue and expenses that they can control.
Операционная прибыль - это рентабельность бизнеса без учета процентов и налогов. Для определения операционной прибыли операционные расходы вычитаются из валовой прибыли. Операционная прибыль является ключевым показателем для менеджеров, она отражает доходы и расходы, которые они могут контролировать
Depreciation амортизация
assets and liabilities. активы и обязательства
invoice = a bill. счет-фактура a list of goods sent or services provided, with a statement of the sum due for these;
equity. Капитал
Page 8. Business Fundamentals
supply chain logistics логистика цепочки поставок
supply chain = almost the same = logistics
supply chain management in the US is more commonly known as logistics management in Europe,
Logistics refers to the overall process of managing how resources are acquired, stored, and transported to their final destination. was initially a military-based term
Purchasing, materials handling, logistics, transportation, inventory control,
The difference between Logistics and Supply Chain Management is
Logistics management is the process of integration and maintenance (flow & storage) of goods in an organization
Supply Chain Management is the coordination and management (movement) of supply chains.
Supply chain management for retail companies means control of product quality, inventory levels, timing, and expenses. Examples of supply chain activities include farming, refining, design, manufacturing, packaging, and transportation.
Supply chains for (A) chewing gum
natural / Amazonian rubber = latex = caucho/ caoutchouc FM rubber-tree
sweeteners, aromatizers,
(B) yogurt the main two ingredients in it: milk cream, whole, low -fat dry milk powder + live cultures = kefir grains = bacteria for fermentation + yeast & stabilizers fruit, and sweeteners.
(C) light bulb consist of an air-tight glass with a filament of tungsten wire
Page 9 - CV (“the course of your life”) career journeystep-by-step
2-5-8 pages. Full name. Contact information Professional title, resume summary, Research interests Education Publications (both academic papers and books Teaching / lecturing experience Work experience. Conferences and courses Skills. Certificates. Languages Grants of fellowships. References
Resume Contact same but as short as possible - max 1-2 page with
- the aspects of your work experience and skills that are relevant to the job.
- highlighting specific contributions you have made in your previous work and
- showcases how your different skills can be useful for the position you apply to.
Both are usually accompanied by a cover letter which states your intent for applying to the job. The cover letter focuses on the skills and experience you have touched upon in your resume, explaining how they’re going to help you excel at the job you’re applying for.
Work Placement - стажировка, поиск/распределение работы
Report on the company
