Контрольная работа № 2.
Вариант 1.
1. Translate the following text into Russian in writing:
THE HYDRAULIC GRINDER
This universal grinder is designed for grinding cylindrical holes and faces of workpieces. It is widely used for lot production in various types of machinebuilding plants.
Machines of this type are of very massive construction, but they are designed in such a way that they єни be operated as easily as machines of smaller sizes,
They are hydraulically operated and controlled by a single lever located at the front end of the machine. This single lever controls all functions of the machine including all movements of the wheel slide, cross-feed, starting and stopping the work of the spindle.
The wheel spindle is driven by a V-belt from a motor located on a bracket on the wheel slide. The cross-feed for the wheel slide is operated by a hydraulic unit.
The wheel head is clamped on the top surface of the table. When setting up the grinder, the wheel head can be adjusted in a longitudinal direction to suit the length of the workpiece.
Make up 5 special questions to the given text.
3. Find the Russian equivalent in right-column for following:
| 1.engine lathe 2.taming 3.drilling 4.screw cutting 5.headstock 6.tailstock 7.saddle 8.lever 9.apron 10.carriage 11.guideways 12.handle | 1. задняя бабка 2. фартук (суппорта) 3. каретка 4. передняя бабки 5. сверление 6. токарно-винторезный станок 7. нарезание винтов 8. рычаг 9. рукоятка 10. суппорт 11. обточка 12. направляющие (станка) |
4. Translate the international words from the text into Russian:
metal, operation, principal, spindle, function, centre, control, base, special, bolt.
5. Translate the following sentences into Russian:
1. In the old designs of the engines the air pump was driven by one or two additional cranks at the front end the engine, their size varying depending of the number of cylinders.
2. When replacing the worn piston rings some of them should be left and placed in the top grooves.
3. Alloy cast iron cylinder covers, each having two inlet and two exhaust valves, are provided with anintermediate deck plate to provide intensive water cooling.
4. The turbine having started to vibrate, there was unequal heating of past.
5. Having been subjected to high pressure metals become highly conduction.
Вариант 2.
1. Translate the following text into Russian in writing:
ENGINE LATHE
The engine lathe isthe most commonly used machine-tool. It is used for great variety of metal operations, such as turning, drilling,screwcutting and many others.
The principal units of the lathe are the bed, the headstock, the tailstock and the carriage with the apron.
The bed is the base of any machine-tool and it is made of grey iron casting on which the saddle and the tailstock slide along special guideways. The headstock is also located and bolted on the bed.
The headstock contains the spindle and the speed gearbox. The spindle is the part of the machine to which power is applied to rotate the work. The changing of the spindle speed is effected by levers.
The tailstock consists of a casting fitted to the bed. The function of the tailstock is to support one end of the work turned between centres and to mount the tools.
The carriage of the lathe, which carriesthe tool, is made up of two principal parts: the saddle and the apron. The saddle travels along the guideways of the bed. The apron represents the front wall of the carriage. On the front of the apron are mounted the handles and levers by which the actions of the tool are controlled.
Make up 5 special questions to the given text.
3. Find the Russian equivalent in right-column for following:
| 1. combination 2. motion 3. machine-tool 4. repair 5. main 6. working shop 7. pressure 8. step 9. part 10. action 11. size 12. lather | 1. давление 2. этап 3. основной 4. деталь 5. размер 6. мастерская 7. движение 8. ремонт 9. токарный станок 10. станок 11. сочетание 12. действие |
4. Translate the international words from the text into Russian:
Machine, metal, pressure, electrical, technique, process, type, category, operation, automatic.
5. Translate the following sentences into Russian:
1. The lower piston head is oil-cooled, the upper piston head being water-cooled.
2. Having been adjusted by the operator the lather continued to work.
3. No essential results having been obtained, the scientists had to carry out some more experiments.
4. The exhaust gas was expanded in an exhaust gas turbine, the latter driving a compressor.
5. A part of the energy delivered to any motor or generator is lost within the machine itself.
Вариант 3.
1. Translate the following text into Russian in writing:
VERTICAL TURNING MILLS
The single-column vertical turning mills are universal high-speed machines. they are designed for roughing and finishing operations on parts made of steel, cast iron and non-ferrous metal:..
The machines are provided with two heads: vertical turret head and horizontal side head. Vertical turret head travels along the horizontal ways of the cross-rail. Horizontal side head moves along the vertical ways of the column.
The machine performs the following operations: cylindrical turning, facing, cutting, drilling, etc.
High rigidity of machinges and their units as well as the wide range of table speeds and work feeds allow machining at most favourable cutting speeds and work feeds.
Motion to the table is transmitted from the main drive electric motor by means of V-belts and gearbox.
For starting and stopping the table rotation the gearbox is provided with multidisk friction clutch.
Make up 5 special questions to the given text.
3. Find the Russian equivalent in right-column for following:
| grinder lever wheel slide cross-feed wheel spindle bracket wheel head to clamp to set-up to adjust longitudinal direction workpiece | 1. кронштейн 2. заготовка 3. продольное направление 4. налаживать станок (для какой-либо работы) 5. регулировать 6. шлифовальный станок 7. шлифовальный суппорт 8. рычаг 9. поперечная подача 10. шлифовальная головка 11. шпиндель шлифовального круга 12. зажимать |
4. Translate the international words from the text into Russian:
Universal, cylinder, type, mass, massive, construction, hydraulic, control, function, spindle, motor.
5. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. The lower piston head is oil-cooled, the upper piston head being water-cooled.
2. No essential results having been obtained, the scientist had to carry out some more experiments.
3. Having obtained the necessary results they stopped their experimental work.
4. Two objects having the same temperature, the average energy of motion of their molecules is the same.
5. The gear which the operator will select depends on the type of metal which he is cutting.
Вариант 4.
1. Translate the following text into Russian in writing:
WHAT IS A MACHINE-TOOL?
A machine-tool is a power-driven machine used to shape metal by cutting, drilling, pressure, electrical technique, or a combination of these processes. Thus it is clear that machine-tools can be built in a wide van of types. Basically, however, there two main categories, the first being the cutting-type machine-tool, which shapes metal to certain size and contour. For the various operations that are to be performed in the metal working shop, there many different kinds of machines. Each machine- tool is being designed to do work of specific nature. There special machine-tools that are built to perform successive operations. The operator с watches the succession of machining steps from the beginning to the end of the operation. Such equipment considered to be automatic machinery. Precision of operation is the most important characteristic of today’s machine-tools. The precision makes it possible to produce hundreds of identical parts, all so much alike they may be freely interchanged or substituted in assembly or repair, without hand-fitting. The function machine-tool is to hold both the work and a cutting-tool and move them relative to each other to obtain proper cutting action. Machines-tools are known to serve four main purposes.
2. Make up 5 special questions to the given text.
3. Find the Russian equivalent in right-column for following:
| 1. headstock 2. backwards 3. solid 4. tool 5. cutting 6. lathe 7. job 8. industry 9. spindle 10. forwards 11. speed 12. tailstock | 1. назад 2. задняя бабка 3. вперед 4. нарезание 5. ось 6. работа 7. передняя бабка 8. инструмент 9. твердый 10. токарный станок 11. скорость 12. промышленность |
4. Translate the international words from the text into Russian:
Machine, industry, operation, component, operator, ordinary, centre, vibration, finish, factor.
5. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. The equipment having been received, we began the experiments from the very beginning.
1. A lower operating temperature, while decreasing the emission, will greatly increase tungsten filament life.
2. In engines having more than six cylinders the crankshaft is built up in two parts.
3. The universal grinder is designed for grinding cylindrical holes and faces of workpieces.
4. They are hydraulically operated and controlled by a single lever located at front end of the machine.
Вариант 5.
1. Translate the following text into Russian in writing:
THE LATHE
The lathe is one of the most useful and versatile machines in Industry, and is capable of carrying out many machining operations. The main components of the lathe are the headstock and tailstock at opposite ends of a bed, and a toolholder between them which holds the cutting tool. The toolholder stands on a cross slide which enables it to move across the saddle or carriage as well as along it, depending on the kind of job it is doing. The ordinary centre lathe can accommodate only one tool at a time on the toolholder, but a turret lathe is capable of holding five or more tools of the revolving turret. The lathe bed must be very solid to avoid vibrations.
The headstock incorporates the driving gear and a spindle which holds the workpiece and causes it to rotate. The cutting speed of the tool is an important factor. Tapered centres in the hollow nose of the spindle and of the tailstock hold the work firmly between them. A feed shaft from the headstock drives the toolholder along the saddle, either forwards or backwards, at a fixed and uniform speed. This enables the operator to make accurate cuts and to give the work a good finish.