1. It is not precisely known when the auctions came into being.
2. The Greeks were the first to organize sales of goods at auctions.
3. Women were auctioned for marriage in the 5thcentury.
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VII. Прочитайте абзац 2 и ответьте письменно на вопрос:
Who used auctions to sell surplus property to collect money for their leaders?
Вариант 3
I. Переведите письменно существительные (1-10). Выберите определения (a-j), соответствующие этим существительным:
1. audit a) a formal written document that is a record of
an agreement, especially one relating to a property
2. benefit b) an official examination of a person’s or organization’s
accounts by an expert
3. deed c) the buying and selling of goods and services
4. commerce d) a good effect or advantage that something has,
for example a product or service
5. labour e) a sudden large increase in the number or amount
of something
6. earnings f) the money that a person receives for the work in
a particular period of time
7. leap g) work involving a lot of physical or mental effort
8. merger h) knowledge or skill gained from doing a particular job
9. improvement i) an occasion when two or more companies,
organizations etc join together to form a larger company
10. experience j) the act or state of getting better
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II. Вставьте в каждое предложение подходящее по смыслу пропущенное слово:
a list, balance, credit, return, share, staff
1. Thesheet of a company is worked out from the final accounts.
2. Can you give meof current prices?
3. This company will not accept unconfirmed letters of
4. Shareholders were offered 18 pence per
5. They retired eight members of_ but didn’t replace them.
6. You can expect a 15%on this sum.
III. a) Выполните темы КОПР № 3,5.
B) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое, определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Figures show that unemployment has been growing since 1990s.
2. Proposals have been put forward for increasing worker mobility.
3. Experts have been warning of the bankruptcy since the company was founded.
IV. a) Выполните темы КОПР № 1.
B) В следующих предложениях подчеркните герундий и инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The two carmakers hope to achieve savings of 5% on common projects.
2. American corporations begin to offer entire packages of services.
3. After some hard talking officials decided to take part in a meeting in Geneva.
V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 2.
Takeovers, Mergers and Buyouts
1. Successful companies have to find ways of using their profits. Sometimes they develop new products or services, perhaps to diversify and enter new markets, but sometimes it is easier to take over other companies with existing products and customers. Acquiring a competitor in the same field of activity (horizontal integration) gives a company a larger market share and reduces competition. Companies can also acquire businesses involved in other parts of their supply chain.
2. One way to acquire part-ownership of a company is a raid, which involves buying as many of a company’s stocks as possible on the stock market. Because this
increases demand, the stock price will immediately rise. A raid is unlikely to result in the acquisition of a controlling interest. More often, a company will launch a takeover bid. If the board of directors of a company agrees to a takeover, it is a friendly bid. If the company doesn’t want to be taken over, it is a hostile bid.
3. Takeovers can lead to the formation of large conglomerates, which can lead to a contrary phenomenon: leveraged buyouts. Buyouts occur when financiers consider that a conglomerate has not achieved synergy but has become inefficient, as a result it is undervalued on the stock market. In other words, the conglomerate’s market capitalization is lower than the value of its total assets.
VI. Определите, является ли утверждение:
A) истинным (true)
B) ложным (false)
C) в тексте нет информации (no information)
1. Successful companies don’t have to find ways of using their profits.
2. Takeovers can lead to the formation of large conglomerates.
3. Companies are encouraged to take over other companies by investment bank.
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VII. Прочитайте абзац 2 и ответьте на следующий вопрос:
What is a raid?
Вариант 4