УДК 338.1
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ МАЛОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В РОССИИ
Долаан.Т.В.
Красноярский аграрный университет, Красноярск,
Россия
Аннотация: В статье рассмотрены роль и место малых предприятий в современной экономике Российской Федерации. Развитие малого предпринимательства является одним из ключевых элементов российской экономики.
Ключевые слова: малый бизнес, налоговые поступления, предпринимательская активность; санкции; программы поддержки.
TENDENCIES OF SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA
Dolaan.Т.В.
Abstract: This article describes the problems of small businesses, their gist, part and position in the present-day of Russian Federation. Small business development is one of the key elements of Russian economy.
Keywords: small business; small enterprise; development; Russian economy; severities of growth; sanctions; tax revenues; entrepreneur activity.
Small business development is one of the key elements of Russian economy growth promoting formation of the healthy competitive environment, increase in production of Gross Domestic product, population employment growth of its actual income, life upgrading. Pliability and management simplicity of small enterprises, ability to further of scientific and technical progress and to mobilize the considerable resources of production and finance of the society predetermine the important economic, antimonopoly, innovative and social role of this sector of economy. The necessity of working out principally new conception of regulation and supporting of small business in context of forming of economic policy on macro and regional levels is conditioned by absence of common approach of the realization of its complex support which takes into account the specific regional features. Development of small business is proved to be one main strategic directions of the state policy. Development of small business together with creation of additional workplaces broadens the sphere of business activity, involving the citizens, who are not possessing high competitiveness on the labor market, in work. Small business in the modern market economy is both the target and the instrument of its development [1].
The development of small business is the most important prerequisite for economic growth in the globalized world. There are no universal criteria that apply equally to all national economies for defining the entities of small business. Depending on its national interests, each country substantiates and legislatively enforces its own criteria for determining which entities shall be classified as small and medium businesses.
At the turn of the 1960s-1970s, small and medium enterprises began to occupy increasingly stronger positions in the economic structure of the U.S., Japan, Germany, France, and Canada, and a little later in Italy, Spain, and other countries in terms of forming the gross domestic product, the number of enterprises in the country and the size of their staff, and assimilating new technology. In the past two or three decades, small enterprises have proven their worth with respect to breakthrough scientific-technical developments. A new term—venture business—has been coined to describe this kind of innovative enterprise. It implies organizing groups of researchers, engineers, and scientists in the form of a small business to elaborate a particular scientific idea or project. If an idea is successfully tested and considered a «scientifically rated product", the profit of the small business will be much higher than the average branch level [2].
A specific feature of small Russian business is that its entities essentially do not own any fixed assets. The overwhelming majority of small business entities are operating from rented facilities and using rented equipment. In this sense, Russian small businessmen can be described as hired workers rather than property owners. The main difficulties facing small Russian business include taxation, bureaucratic arbitrariness and administrative barriers, tyranny among the supervisory bodies, criminal pressure, the unregulated nature of leasing relations, constant changes in reporting forms, and difficulties with accounting reports. This results in a large shadow component in small Russian business.
Stimulating competition in the economy as a whole promotes the development of small business. An extremely important advantage of small business is open markets. This means free movement of capital, goods, and labor, which promotes the creation of a genuinely competitive environment. Systemic reform in Russia, given all the zigzags, blunders, and foot-dragging, is still part and parcel of movement toward a market economy. So the state should aim to create framework conditions that will help this process to develop of its own accord. In order to achieve this goal, the state’s economic policy should, at minimum, be neutral with respect to the nascent entities that are the driving force behind the market economy-private businessmen [3].
References:
1. Robert, B., Elisabeth U.S. Congress, Joint Economic Committee, Joint Economic Report New -York 2003.
2. Anthony, T. Bruno Growth of agrarian sector, Agroinvestor, Kanada,
2016.
3. Rylko. D.N., Jolly, R.W. Transition in the CIS: Achievements and New
Challenges - International Conference, New -York, 2006.
4. https://ruxpert.ru/Сельское хозяйство России
анкета