Vocabulary
Ex 1
Match the words (1-7) with the definitions (A-G).
1 _lung cancer
2 _oxygen
3 _ epithelial cell
4 _emphysema
5 _alveoli
6 _ bronchial tube
7 _lung
A. a small part that makes up lining tissue
B. the organ used to breathe
C. the sacs that bring oxygen into the bloodstream
D. the gas that people breathe in
E. the passage that carries air from the windpipe to the lungs
F. a condition in which cells in the lungs grow uncontrollably
G. a condition that prevents the body from properly absorbing and expelling gases
Reading and Vocabulary
Read the texts and do the tasks after them.
TEXT I. The Respiratory System
The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide. This process is called breathing. It consists of inspiration and expiration. The organs of this system are the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea and lungs.
The lungs are the most important organs of the respiratory system. There are two lungs in the body. During inspiration, the alveoli in the lungs are filled with air. It is here that oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide. Blood cells absorb oxygen from the capillaries in the alveoli, as carbon dioxide, a waste product, is released back into the lungs from the veins. During expiration, the carbon dioxide is expelled from the body.
Ex 2 Fill in the blanks with the correct words from lists. There are 2 extra words/word combinations. Заполните пропуски правильными словами из списка. 2 слова/словосочетания-лишние.
| A. The alveoli in the lungs are filled with air during __________________. B. The respiratory system removes ___________________. C. ______________ absorb oxygen from the capillaries in the alveoli. D. _______________is released back into the lungs from the veins. E. The carbon dioxide is expelled from the body during _______________. F. The nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea and lungs are the organs of_____________ | 1. carbon dioxide, 2. inspiration, 3. expiration, 4. blood cells, 5. oxygen, 6. a waste product, 7. emphysema and asthma, 8. the respiratory system. |
Ex.3Fill in the blanks with the correct part of the sentence after the text. There is 1 extra part.
TEXT II. RESPIRATION
Respiration means breathing. Its function is to provide the means whereby oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves. This interchange of gases occurs in the lungs which are situated in the chest, one on each side of the heart. The chest forms a protective cage for the heart and lungs. The bars of the cage are formed by the ribs – A ____. The spaces between the ribs are filled by the rib muscles. The floor of the cage is formed by the diaphragm, which is a sheet of muscle separating the chest from the abdomen. In order to reach the lungs, the air we breathe B _____and passes into the larynx. Below the larynx the air passes along a tube called the trachea, which runs down the neck to the chest where it divides into two. These two branches are known as the right and left bronchi C _____. Just as arteries divide up into smaller arteries and finally into thin – walled capillaries, so do the bronchi divide inside the lungs. Each bronchus divides into many smaller and smaller tubes until eventually ends up as a huge number of tiny air sacs,
D _____. A network of capillaries originating from the pulmonary artery passes round each air sac. Air breathed in through the nose E _____. This passage from nose to lungs is known as the airway. In the lungs, oxygen from the air passes through the thin walls of each air sac and its surrounding capillary to reach the blood. In the same way carbon dioxide passes simultaneously out of the blood into the air sacs. This gaseous exchange for replenishing the blood with oxygen F _____. Oxygen enters the blood by combining with hemoglobin in the red cells; whereas carbon dioxide is carried by the plasma.
1. and they enter their respective lungs
2. enters the throat through the nose or mouth
3. passes via the throat, larynx, trachea and bronchi to the air sacs of the lungs
4. and eliminating the waste product, carbon dioxide, is the sole purpose of respiration
5. and making the lungs function better
6. which are joined to the breast bone in front and spine behind
7. which comprise each lung
4. Задайте вопросы к выделенным курсивом словам или словосочетаниям:
1. The floor of the cage is formed by the diaphragm.
2. Below the larynx the air passes along the trachea.
3. The bronchi divide inside lungs.
4. Air enters the body through the nasal cavities.
5. There are three divisions of the pharynx.
6. The larynx contains the vocal cords.
TEXT III. SMOKING: KNOW THE RISKS
Your respiratory system is important. The oxygen you need gets to the lungs through the bronchial tubes.
Alveoli in the lungs give oxygen passage into the bloodstream. It also removes toxic carbon dioxide from your body.
Smoking damages every part of this process. Smoking can lead to emphysema. This disease destroys alveoli. They lose their shape and functionality when the person exhales. Breathing becomes difficult and carbon dioxide levels rise.
Smoking may also cause lung cancer. The lungs' epithelial cells start growing uncontrollably.
Smoking can hurt the people around you, too. Research suggests inhaling second-hand smoke is a leading
cause of asthma. Asthma sufferers' bronchial tubes swell, as it involves their inflammation. This causes wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing. One way to treat asthma is to inhale medicine using an inhaler.
Not smoking or quitting can decrease our chances of developing these diseases.
5. Choose the correct answers.
| 1 What is the main idea of the poster? A steps to quitting smoking B the illnesses that smoking causes C repairing the damage caused by smoking D why people have difficulty quitting smoking | 2 Which of the following adds gases to the blood? A lungs C epithelial cells B alveoli D bronchial tubes |
| 3 What can you infer about emphysema? A It is caused by second-hand smoke. B It destroys the alveoli. C It makes the alveoli grow uncontrollably. D It decreases the amount of oxygen in the blood. | 4. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of asthma? A wheezing В coughing C inflamed bronchial tubes D excessive oxygen entering the blood |