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Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What are general requirements for admission to US colleges and universities?
2. What types of higher education institutions are there in the USA?
3. What degrees do American colleges and universities award after four years of study?
4. What degrees do graduate schools award?
5. What degrees do junior colleges and community colleges award?
HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
"Higher Education" in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, which currently consists of some 96 universities and 70 or so Colleges of Higher Education, means the stage of education which follows after one obtains qualifications equivalent to the Advanced Level of the General Certificate of Education.
Universities in Britain are divided into three types: 1. The old established universities, such as Oxford (founded 1249), Cambridge and Edinburgh. Oxford and Cambridge together are often called Oxbridge. 2. The 19th century universities such as London and Manchester. 3. The new universities established after World War II, such as Essex, Lancaster, The New University of Ulster.
The higher education system consists of Universities, Colleges of Higher Education and a number of small specialised colleges in areas of study such as Fine Art, Music and Agriculture.
Students or undergraduates can complete their first (Bachelor's) Degree in a minimum of three years. Law degrees and some others require four years of study, while medicine takes longer. Students awarded their Bachelor's Degree are called graduates.
Universities, and to a limited extent Colleges of Higher Education, offer a wide range of one-year, or sometimes two-year, taught graduate courses leading to a Master's Degree.
Universities also offer research degrees (Doctor's Degrees), which have a very limited taught element, and are an opportunity to undertake research over a period of, generally, at least three years. The period for the award of a research degree is not laid out: it depends on the progress made. Students working for their Master's and Doctor's Degrees are called postgraduates.
Most UK universities are keen to increase their numbers of postgraduate students. Many of the leading UK universities are looking forward to the development of Graduate Schools, Major research-based universities, such as Birmingham, Durham, Manchester, Sheffield and Warwick, have taken the initiative in setting up Graduate Schools, reflecting the very high level accorded to postgraduate activities in these institutions.
UK universities offer full time programmes and also part-time and distance learning programmes. An academic year is divided into three terms of about 10 weeks each.
In 1971 the Open University was established, where the formal qualifications (GCSE A-levels) are not necessary. Nearly a quarter of all adult part-time students participate in its degree courses on radio and television.
Ответьте на вопросы:
1. How many universities and colleges of higher education are there in Great Britain?
2. What qualifications are necessary for admission to university in the UK?
3. What are three types of universities in Britain?
4. What is the minimum period of time for completing a Bachelor's Degree?
5. What is the difference between undergraduates, graduates and postgraduates?
6. How can one receive a Master's Degree?
7. What is the normal route for the award of a research degree (a Doctor's Degree)?
8. What major research-based universities have set up Graduate Schools of a very high standard in the UK?
9. How is the Open University different from other universities?
University of Oxford
The University of Oxford is a university in Oxford in the United Kingdom. It is the oldest university in countries where English is the people's first language.
The university consists of 38 colleges. All of these colleges have their own buildings and their own staff, making Oxford quite different from most modern universities where all the students live on a "campus". Oxford does not have a campus, although it does have some central places where students from different colleges can come together either to study or to enjoy themselves.
A college will normally offer the students accommodation (a room to sleep and study in) for the first and last years of their time at University. Many also offer accommodation for other years. A college will also have space for teaching and socializing.
Most colleges will teach at both undergraduate and postgraduate level.
Many people who study history think that there was a university in Oxford in the 11th century, and the University of Oxford grew bigger in 1167, after English students studying in Paris, France were not allowed to continue studying after St Thomas Becket was murdered on the orders of King Henry II of England. There were fights between the students in Oxford and the people who lived there in the early 13th century. Some students and teachers left the university in 1209, and made a new university in Cambridge. These two universities are now great rivals, and together are sometimes known as "Oxbridge".
Until 1920, women were not allowed to take degrees at Oxford, although some women studied at Oxford before that time. Nowadays all the colleges allow both men and women as students, and the number of male and female students is roughly equal.
One of the most famous teachers at the university was Lewis Carroll, author of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, nonsense stories for children.
Oxford, like Cambridge, is very popular with students, and therefore it is harder for students to get into these universities. The colleges look for the students with the best school results in the subjects for which they are applying.