INFLUENZA AND PNEUMONIA
Exercise 1. Read and learn the following words:
| Pneumonia [njuː'məunɪə]- воспаление лёгких, пневмония primarily[praɪ'mer(ə)lɪ]-первоначально, в основном alveoli [ˌælvɪ'əulaɪ] - альвеолы, ячейки COPD [ chronic obstructive pulmonary disease] – хроническое обструктивное заболевание легких asthma ['æsmə] - астма, приступы удушья diabetes [ˌdaɪə'biːtiːz] - диабет, сахарная болезнь failure ['feɪljə] – повреждение, нехватка, cough [kɒf] - кашель, покашливание | nausea ['nɔːsɪə] - тошнота; морская болезнь vomiting ['vɔmɪtɪŋ] - рвота Typically ['tɪpɪk(ə)lɪ] - типично Inaccurately [in'ækjərətlɪ]- неточно Relatively['relətɪvlɪ]-относительно, сравнительно Sputum ['spjuːtəm] - слюна, мокрота However [hau'evə] - как бы ни; какой бы ни Polymerase[ʹpɔlıməreıs]- полимераза(фермент) To detect[dɪ'tekt] - замечать, обнаруживать accurate ['ækjərət] - верный, правильный |
Exercise 2. Match translation to the word combinations:
| 1)inflammatory condition 2)lung affecting 3)the microscopic air sacs 4)severity and combination 5)trouble breathing 6)autoimmune disease 7)certain medication 8)heart failure 9)physical examination 10)culture of the sputum 11)infection gastroenteritis 12)stomach flu 13)secondary bacterial pneumonia 14)sinus infection 15)chain reaction | a.затрудненное дыхание b.определенное лечение c.аутоиммунное заболевание d.посев мокроты e.сердечная недостаточность (паралич сердца) f.микроскопические мешочки воздуха g.медицинское обследование (осмотр) h.воспалительное состояние i.вторичная бактериальная пневмония j.желудочный грипп (гастроэнтерит) k.степень тяжести и сочетание l.цепная реакция m.поражение легких n.инфекционный гастроэнтерит o.гайморит |
Exercise 3. Read and translate the text
INFLUENZA
Influenza, commonly known as "the flu", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. Symptoms can be mild to severe. The most common symptoms include: a high fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pains, headache, coughing, and feeling tired. These symptoms typically begin two days after exposure to the virus and most last less than a week. The cough, however, may last for more than two weeks. In children, there may be nausea and vomiting, but these are not common in adults. Nausea and vomiting occur more commonly in the unrelated infection gastroenteritis, which is sometimes inaccurately referred to as "stomach flu" or "24-hour flu". Complications of influenza may include viral pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia, sinus infections, and worsening of previous health problems such as asthma or heart failure.
Three types of influenza viruses affect people, called Type A, Type B, and Type C. Usually, the virus is spread through the air from coughs or sneezes. This is believed to occur mostly over relatively short distances. It can also be spread by touching surfaces contaminated by the virus and then touching the mouth or eyes. A person may be infectious to others both before and during the time they are showing symptoms. The infection may be confirmed by testing the throat, sputum, or nose for the virus. A number of rapid tests are available; however, people may still have the infection if the results are negative. A type of polymerase chain reaction that detects the virus's RNA is more accurate.
PNEUMONIA
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the microscopic air sacs known as alveoli. Typical signs and symptoms include a varying severity and combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and trouble breathing, depending on the underlying cause.
Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly by other microorganisms, certain medications and conditions such as autoimmune diseases. Risk factors include other lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, COPD, and asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of smoking, a poor ability to cough such as following a stroke, or a weak immune system. Diagnosis is often based on the symptoms and physical examination. Chest X-ray, blood tests, and culture of the sputum may help confirm the diagnosis.
Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia are available. Pneumonia believed to be due to bacteria is treated with antibiotics. If the pneumonia is severe, the affected person is generally hospitalized.
Exercise 4. Match the word combinations and translate:
| 1. trouble 2. a weak 3. certain 4. inflammatory 5. certain types 6. culture of 7. the microscopic 8. nausea and 9. cystic 10. to be treated 11. secondary 12. relatively short 13. polymerase | a.fibrosis b.the sputum c.chain reaction d.breathing e.immune system f.distance g.medications h.bacterial pneumonia i.condition j.with antibiotics k.of pneumonia l.air sacs m.vomiting |
Exercise 5. Find in the text English equivalents:
Основная причина, воспаление легких, проблемы дыхания, вирус гриппа, относительно короткое расстояние, желудочный грипп, сердечная недостаточность, микроскопический альвеолярный мешочек, лекарственный препарат, аутоиммунное заболевание.
Exercise 6. Answer the following questions:
1. What s pneumonia?
2. What are typical signs and symptoms?
3. What is pneumonia usually caused by
4. What way can the diagnosis be confirmed?
5. Are there vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia?
6. Can pneumonia is treated with antibiotics?
7. What symptoms of flu do you know?
8. What complications of influenza may be?
9. What way the virus is spread through?
10. Can virus be confirmed by testing the throat, sputum, or nose?
Exercise 7. Fill in the gabs with the words and translate:
Caught running aching rash attack allergic breathing sore