MORPHOLOGY
NOUN
CLASSIFICATION OF NOUNS
Exercise 1. Define the class the nouns in the following sentences belong to.
1. In the column there were carts loaded with household goods. 2. "Why is it assumed that people forget all moments but the last?" said Daniel. 3. I'd never recommend a gentleman to dye his hair. It seems unnatural somehow. 4. Raymond Parker was a foreman at the motor works, and was on the management committee. 5. My money was wet but all right. I counted it. 6. A man had come up to their camp and threatened to haul them in for shooting too many deer. 7.They hoped for one of the new houses on a building site on the outskirts of the town. 8. The information that the superintendent gathered was entirely favourable. 9. The B-17 flies with a five-man crew against our nine. 10. The police have made up their minds, or practically so. 11. Here were all species of female and one species of male hat. 12. Certainly, the hotel was facing a financial crisis. 13. The tongs made a pleasant clicking sound. 14. Once upon a time nothing but herds of oxen went through here on their way from Normandy. 15. Soames felt that if he had not known the contents of Timothy's will,he might have stayed away himself through delicacy. 16. Is this house your headquarters? 17. Esther swallowed porridge in silence, feeling quite cold and choked with misery, all because Miss Usher had told her on the way down to breakfast that she would be singing Nicola's solos. 18. The wines and liqueurs and champagnes of New Orleans were new and exhilarating to her. 19. I thought that amongst those surroundings with their recollections of his boyhood Dirk Stroeve would forget his un» happiness.
Exercise 2. State whether nouns in bold type are proper or common.
1. You can't buy a Cadillac for the same price as a Ford. 2. The next day I came across Cramer still trying to locate the trouble with the Mercedes. 3. The old Ford groaned as Tom shifted it into the second gear. 4. Do the police have any idea yet they're looking for a Jaguar? 5. I have a fear of handling guns, and so it was an effort for me to examine the Browning. 6. To the right and left guns spoke, here a short gun, a Colt or a Smith and Wesson. 7. In Paris, the baron finished reading the first column in the European edition of the "New York Times" and pushed it across the breakfast table to. Caroline. 8. He thrust the
newspaper aside and snatched up the "Sunday Mail". 9. You have a drawer for yourself where you put your own stuff, such as sandwiches, the "Manchester Guardian", the "Daily Mirror". 10. He stood on the corner of First Avenue looking for a taxi. 11. Who knows, you might become the next Pavlova. — What's that? — She was a great dancer.
12. Perhaps it would have been possible to see in him a new Prome-
theus. 13. There, that's the best picture in the Louvre. It's exactly
like a Manet. 14. You stop at a Marks and Spencer and buy me a dry
outfit. 15. The public-houses were friendly and informal. The names
they bore were usual and familiar: The Jolly Sailor, The Merry
Ploughman, The Crown and Anchor, The Red Lion.
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Exercise 3. State whether the nouns in bold type are countable or uncountable.
1. Mrs Elsing was a thin, frail woman, who had been a beauty. 2. What I have said, he began again, refers to beauty in the wider sense of the word. 3. Clutton gave a long discourse on the subject that beauty is put into things by painters and poets. They create beauty» 4. She was not a beauty, in the sense that several women in this room were beauties; she had none of the remoteness that beauty needs. 5. Herbert looked at the youths, remembered their fathers. 6. Youth, unfortunately, cures itself. 7. Give those articles to Mr Tom like a most noble youth. 8. You're a pretty little thing and young. Youth is so beautiful. 9. The coals fell suddenly, leaving a bright hollow in which the sparks stood still as fireflies. He leaned across to throw on coal. 10. His eyes glowed redly like twin coals. 11. She sat on a stone. A lizard slid swiftly between her feet and disappeared among the grasses. 12. Julia looked at the pretty, clever face, with the powdered hair, and wondered whether the stones that framed the little picture were diamonds or only paste.
13. He looked as if he had turned to stone. 14. When those three came
in she was sitting before a red lacquer tea-table, finishing a very good
tea. She always had tea brought in rather early, so that she could have
a good quiet preliminary "tuck-in" all by herself, because she was not
quite twenty-one and this was her hour for remembering her youth.
15. The sandwiches came and I ate three and drank a couple more mar-
tinis.
NUMBER
Exercise 1. State the number of the nouns in bold type. Define the class they belong to.
1. Sam amused himself by fitting branches into the fire as closely as possible. 2. He wore the remains of shorts and his feet were bare like Jack's. 3. Demerest reached out to switch radios. 4. He seemed to have more grey hairs at his temples. 5. At Capracotta, he had told me, there were trout in the stream below the town. 6. The gray waters of the Atlantic stared back at me. 7. A netting wire fence ran all around to keep our rabbits and deer. 8. I really cannot help your beliefs or
your disbeliefs. 9. "The children are on the stairs," said Daniel. 10. You did not witness any of these phenomena yourself, did you? 11. Balthus had reached the outskirts of the native market and was moving among the first of the stalls, as if looking for someone. 12. The sheep were silent; the only sound in the darkness was the bubbling of the stream. 13. Three mouthfuls of soup convinced him that he could not eat. 14. Philip gazed with delight upon the passers-by. 15. In the silence that followed there came a clatter of hoofs. 16. You are not one of those people who see nothing and hear nothing. 17. Perhaps, there aren't any grown-ups there. 18. Well, if you've broken your glasses, you must write home fora new pair. 19. He would like to have a pair of scissors and cut his hair. 20. I'm quite willing to answer any questions the police want to ask me. 21. The wages were paid once a month by the secretary.
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Exercise 2. State the number of the nouns in bold type and give the сorresponding singular or plural, if any.
1. The doctor told him not to read without glasses. 2. Women who write anonymous letters to themselves are such a common phenomenon that the police are sure to jump to that solution. 3. You're not to leave the state unless we give you permission. 4. Once she got an offer, but the wages were only fourteen shillings a week. 5. It gave him a thrill to realize that Julia had genius. 6. The Japanese are a wonderful people, fond of dancing and light wines. 7. There was no piano,f partly because pianos were too uncompromisingly accidental, and partly because it would have taken up much room. 8. His clothes were work of art — of exquisite cut. 9. Gavin walked out of the room and towards the stairs. 10. There was scarcely a white hair on her head and her eyes, as black and shining as buttons, sparkled with fun. 11. From the pig-run came the quick hard patter of hoofs, a Castanet sound. 12. One of the stewardesses, her lips moving silently, was making a count of heads. 13. Do you ski? — Used to. But I haven't any skis now! 14. It gave the impression of-shameful slum conditions, in spite of the television antennae at practically every roof. 15. She evidently remembered Joseph and his brethren. 16. Avice was one of those actresses who were quite sure of themselves from the first rehearsal. 17. Are you going to pay me damages? — Alas, where have you been damaged? 18. Love can never make us forget that we are brothers-in-arms, can it?
Exercise 3. Change the number of the nouns in bold type making all the necessary changes.
1. Afterwards he took a photo of me with wet hair to finish out the film. 2. He talked to another Divisional chief. 3. His shirt cuff showed up spotlessly, just half an inch beneath the sleeve. 4. He was as lively as a trout in a mountain stream. 5. Matthew Swain was one of a rapidly disappearing species, the small-town general practitioner. 6. It was like lying in the dark with a mosquito hovering above his face. 7. The cab branched off, along the side of a wood, and he heard a late cuckoo calling. 8. Among the retainers of a well-appointed house there were persons from every stratum of society. 9. "A pony is always small," said
Regan, 10. It is only a hypothesis, but it's possible. 11. Everybody had a handkerchief concealed in his cuff. 12. I wish a flying fish would come onboard tonight. 13. The waitress spent the morning working in the dining-room. 14. Britain's oil refining industry faces a serious crisis. 15. Mary was sitting in a straightbacked antique chair and the youth sat at her feet. 16. Suddenly she realized that there was not a passer-by in the street. 17. Now all the passengers were gone in a bus, along with the stewardess and the second officer.
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Exercise 4. Explain the formation of the plural of the nouns in bold type,
1. He was just six feet tall and he had a gallant bearing. 2.I moved the stick forward and came down slowly to fifteen hundred feet. 3. He wasn't above five foot five, I should think. 4. They arrived daily from various termini. 5. Eric watched the wood-lice that were unable to avoid the flames. 6. Some call it a grape-vine, but it has always seemed like a pair of giant antennae to me. 7. He used his white linen pocket handkerchief and held it against his lips. 8. Nevada felt the horse's heart suddenly pound between his legs as his hoofs didn't meet the ex-pected ground. 9. He had neglected his work so much that now he had only a fortnight to learn what the curriculum allowed three months for. 10. The outlines of the cypresses that lined the driveway were sharp and clear. 11. The wind howled across the deserted runway. If wolves appeared tonight, Mel thought, it would not be surprising. 12. The handcuff was clicked on to Greg's right wrist, and the other on the cop's left wrist. 13. It became almost a phenomenon in this back street, where carts stuck like winter flies, and people went by with books under their arms, as if educated. 14. There were some daffodils, narcissi and hyacinths in the garden. 15. The larks sprang up in front of his feet, the air was full of butterflies, a sweet fragrance rose from the wild grasses. 16. There were nine of them at sea but four were carrying cargoes destined for his own personal warehouses in Brooklyn. 17. Public sanatoria are short of beds. I get two beds a week for females.
Exercise 5. Comment on the nouns fish and fruit.
I. 1. I dropped my clothes and waded into the stream. A thin
silver fish streaked past me and I dove after it, hands outstretched.
2. The old man had seen many great fish. 3. The smell of those little
fishes will follow me wherever I go. 4. This was a fish (shark) built
to feed on all the fishes in the sea. 5. Remember how you went eighty-
seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three
weeks. 6. There was water, an underground river, with blind fish in it.
The fish were white and not very big. 7. Ah, well, there's plenty more
fish in the sea. 8. From the bank, awhile, in the warm summer still
ness, she watched the water-lily plants and willow leaves, the fishes
rising. 9. The boy went in another boat and caught three good fish the
first week.
II. 1. I saw a number of mango trees still bearing fruit. 2. He came
to the smashed acres of fruit and ate greedily. 3. In the centre of each
table was a great bowl of autumn fruit, around which were grouped bowls
of figs and melons. 4. Great parcels of groceries and delicacies and dried fruits arrived from the city. 5. Why should I let the Yankees have the fruits of my labour? 6. Lifting the telephone, he asked for the hotel florist. "This is Mr O'Keefe. I believe you delivered some fruit to my suite." 7. From this central point they could see fruit-trees laden with magnificent fruits. 8. Like all the other woodwork of Versailles this was appliqued with garlands, fruits and vine leaves. 9. They remain for three or four weeks working on the pomegranate orchard up at the Headlands and gathering fruit. 10. Clients will find a wide assortment of all sorts of delicatessen, including various tinned fruits and vegetables, cheeses and sausages,
CASE
Exercise 1. Comment on the use of the Genitive Case.
a) 1. Greg drove past Forester's house again. 2. He kept his eyes
fixed on his father's face, putting a question now and again. 3. Scarlett
was Miss Ellen's child. 4. Michael's left-hand neighbour began breath-
ing heavily. 5. I think we ought to drink dear James' health, and —
and the health of Soames' wife. 6. I am no good at other people's affairs.
7. I've got a dentist's appointment in Langley at five-thirty.
b) 1. Robin, it's rny mother-in-law's seventieth birthday. 2. That
was Louise Leidner's doing. 3. There was a straight chair near the en
closure of the library secretary's desk. 4. They had found refreshment
over the way at Brown and Smith's. 5. Mr Brown had been satisfied with
the results of Tom's and Nick's visit.
c) 1. His eyes were fixed on Marjorie Ferrar's, whose eyes in turn
were fixed on his. 2. He took the morning train and arrived at his moth
er's at lunchtime. 3. There's a lovely powder blue at Harton's. 4. Find
ing himself without cigarettes he dashed into a tobacconist's in Oxford
Street. 5. When Jennie had given her daughter hot milk — a favourite
remedy of her mother's — Vesta went to her room and lay down. 6. But
frankly, Leidner, this business of your wife's seems to me rather out of
my class.
d) 1. His house in Prince's Gardens was brilliantly alight. 2. Mi
chael had gone to the Labour candidate's meeting party because he want-
ed to. 3. John nodded understandingly and after a moment's pause
Tom went on. 4. Before I knew it, they'd passed me and were at the
water's edge. 5. In this very heart of England's gentility one doesn't know
what to do. 6. A sparrow-hawk hovered in the sun's eye. 7. The clock's
hands crept on to seven before she heard voices in the hall. 8. He swal
lowed and I saw his Adam's apple go up and down. 9. I knew that one more
display like yesterday's would demoralize the whole crew. 10. A hun
dred houses were evacuated for safety's sake.
Exercise 2. Replace the of-phrase by the noun in the Possessive Case.
1. The plays of Shakespeare are very popular in our country. 2. The house of my daughter-in-law is within a stone's throw from here. 3. Jon
slipped his hand through the arm of his mother. 4. Michael saw the neck of his neighbour grow redder. 5. When she caught the eye of Strickland she smiled. 6. From the dining-room Soames passed into the study of Timothy. 7. The cheeks of the secretary continued to brighten. 8. A chill smile played round the lips of Soames. 9. He told me of the return of his brother Roger. 10. The supper of the children is ready. 11. In the distance we saw the hut of a native. 12. Will you join the excursion of today? 13. The rays of the sun do not penetrate through that foliage. 14. The voice of a girl was heard in the distance. 15. The toys of the children are in the box.
Exercise 3. Use the Absolute Genitive Case.
! a) 1. His eyes avoided the eyes of Andrew. 2. It was her job; not the job of old lady Winnie. 3. Gideon put his left hand» and took the hand of Kate. 4. She had an unexpectedly pleasant voice, a little deeper than the voice of a clown.
b) 1. I’m not going to the house of Caroline Kent at all. 2. The
middle wall had precisely the same books as used to be in the library
at the house of his own Father in Park Lane. 3. After breakfast he went
off to the house of Fleur. 4. You must come to the house of my father.
5. "They tell me at the house of Timothy," said Nicholas lowering his
voice, "that Dartie has gone off at last."
c) 1. Peter was the son of one of Aunt Lottie's friends. 2. One of
Holly's special little friends had come in — a fair child with short
hair like the hair of a boy. 3. You are quite sure he wasn't one of the
doctor's patients. 4. I am thinking of one of my father's cousins, who
was a well-known physician and lived in Harley Street.
Exercise 4. Translate into Russian:
a baker's, a butcher's, a florist's, a pastry-cook's, a confectioner's, a chemist's, a tobacconist's.
Exercise 5. Translate into English. Pay attention to the use of the Possessive Case.
a) 1. Лицо Джона смягчилось, затем опять стало напряженным.
2. Он продолжал рассматривать лицо сестры. 3. Я не знаю, почему я
вдруг подумал о сыне Стрикленда. 4. «Вставай, старина», — сказал
мальчик и положил руку на колено старика. 5. Глаза доктора встре-
тились с его глазами.
b) 1. Отец Элизы и Тома — известный ученый. 2. Книги Ильфа и
Петрова очень популярны в нашей стране. 3. Чья ручка вам больше
нравится: Джона или Елены? 4. Я очень люблю пьесы Шекспира и
Шоу. 5. Я хочу портфель, как у Пети или Бори. 6. Это случилось не-
сколько недель спустя после возвращения матери и сестры.
c) 1. Его лицо было маленькое, как у ребенка. 2. В двух окнах
горел свет. Одно из них было окно Флер. 3. Все руки были подняты,
кроме руки Майкла. 4. Маленький Том улыбался. Его улыбка была
похожа на улыбку отца. 5. Джеймс посмотрел на лицо матери, а затем
на лицо Ирэн.
d) 1. По пути домой она обычно покупала кусочек медового пиро-
га в булочной. 2. Давай зайдем в кондитерскую. 3. Они ушли в аптеку и еще не возвратились, 4. Мы найдем его у Бартона. 5. Скажи Флер, что я иду к ее тете. 6. Он все еще у твоей матери. 7. Я оставлю вас здесь. Я иду к дочери. 8. Я собираюсь обедать у Флер.
е) 1. Он один из ближайших друзей моего отца, 2. Она одна из двоюродных сестер дяди Тома. 3. Это одна из любимых книг моей мамы. 4. «Пигмалион» — одна из наиболее популярных пьес Б. Шоу. 5. Я все-таки купил эту картину молодого Грина! 6. Эта угроза Гер-хардта казалась ужасной для Дженни и ее матери. 7. Какая она очаровательная, эта подруга Анны! 8. Не люблю я эту новую приятельницу Мэри!
Exercise 6. Correct or justify.
1. Jenny's car was there, and so was Robert's. 2. But what shall I do about this marriage of Val, Soames? 3. I saw him just now at your aunt. 4. His landlady was doing the week washing. 5. And so your wife is the great friend of that Mr Bosinney's? 6. Jon handed the cigarettes. He lighted his father and Fleur's, then one for himself. 7. I am Mr Wilkes sister. 8. Honor met his mother eyes. Nevil stood with his arm on Regan knee, and his eyes on his brother with a watchful expression. 9. Gavin turned his eyes on his brother. 10. What kind of girl was this wife of Jon's? 11. Ann has gone to the butchers'. 12. He looked attentively at the speaker shrewd, dry, doubting face. 13. We kept him at arms length. 14. A visit to Timothy was like an hour spent in the lap of a mother. 15. In a small pastry-cook they were served with tea and cakes. 16. She might know Kate first name. Kate is the friend of Greg's.
Exercise 7. Translate into English,
1. У меня нет своего фотоаппарата. Это фотоаппарат моего дедушки. 2. Я провела зимние каникулы у тети. 3. После получасовой ходьбы мы были уже у реки. 4. Как я люблю этот портрет отца! 5. Их маленький домик стоял у самой воды. 6. Вчера у меня не было времени пойти в парикмахерскую. 7. Филипп был одним из старых школьных друзей Джона. 8. Кого вы встретили у моих родителей? 9. После непродолжительной паузы она добавила: «Ты чудесный ребенок». 10. Ее губы более подвижны, чем у других людей. 11. На лестничной площадке было четыре двери. Я не знала, которая из них была дверь моих друзей. 12. Если Аннет не уважала его чувства, она могла подумать о чувствах Флер. 13. Она живет неподалеку от института. 14. Сегодня мы собираемся к дедушке и бабушке. 15. Я встретил их, когда они возвращались от Тома и Джейн. 16. Вам лучше пойти к Джеймсу и поговорить о завтрашнем собрании. 17. Это не мои друзья. Они друзья отца и матери. 18. Наступило минутное молчание, затем мальчик опять начал задавать вопросы. 19. Он был хирургом в совхозе «Красный луч» — полтора дня езды от города. 20. Вы читали сегодняшнюю газету? 21. Вы можете делать это в свое удовольствие. 22. Я сейчас не дома. Я у Елены Лосо. 23. Я не могу забыть этого замечания Роя. 24. До ближайшей деревни около часа
езды на машине. 25. Каково ваше мнение о сегодняшнем путешествии? 26. Между прочим, ему советовали купить эту картину Джо! 27. Я лучше поеду назад к родителям. 28. Я отлично помню эту прекрасную улыбку Ника! 29. У нас была пятиминутная беседа с преподавателем английского языка в деканате. 30. Наша дача находилась на расстоянии двух километров от реки. 31. Ума не приложу, как мне добраться до города в полночь. 32. Несколько дней тому назад я встретила старого друга моего брата на Урале. 33. Вчера я отдала свои часы часовщику.
ARTICLE
Exercise 1. Use the proper article. Point out the nouns which denote an object (or a person) already mentioned.
1.She smiled.... smile was perhaps... result of... long practice; she hardly moved her mouth. 2. My clothes were my Sunday best:... light grey suit,... plain grey tie,... plain grey socks and... brown shoes.... shoes were the most expensive I'd ever possessed. 3. It was so nice of you to buy these books for me. I gathered up... heavy volumes and looked round for somewhere to put them. 4. It was Ashley's birthday and Mel anie gave him... surprise reception that night. Everyone knew about... reception, except Ashley. 5. Mr Pol teed unlocked... drawer, produced... memorandum, ran his eyes over it, and locked... drawer up again. 6. "Bring... bottle of Scotch and... ice bucket for Mr Hopkins," Helen said. After... maid had brought... bottle of Scotch and... ice bucket, Hopkins filled his glass and took... long drink.
Exercise 2. Use the proper article. Point out the nouns which have a limiting at- tribute.
1. Her brother belonged to... same club we did. 2. That's... rarest occurrence I ever saw in my life. 3.... attempt to persuade them left him exhausted. 4. In... corner of... room was.... wash-basin with... hot and cold water. 5.... thought of Medhurst went out of his mind swiftly. 6. He laid his hand upon... chair, which stood in... middle of... room. 7. He took... cigarette that I had carefully rolled up for myself and went. 8. He was... most extraordinary lad I ever came across. 9.... news he had conveyed would have horrified... most women. 10. She looked with... eager hungry eyes at... bread,... meat and... beer that... landlady brought. 11. I picked up... morning paper which had fallen from my hand and resumed my perusal of... morning news. 12. I had... priviledge of meeting your mother and dad there. 13. "I like you," he said. It was... very strange remark and... old pipe I was smoking fell on... floor. 14. At half past nine... last patient left... surgery. 15. It was... most successful party I had ever attended. 16.... thrill of that moment was unbelievable.
17. Anyway it was... Saturday of... football game with Saxon Hall.
18. I asked... question I feared to ask. 19. I took... bottle I wanted
and went off with it.
ADJECTIVE
Exercise 1. Use the appropriate form of the adjective given in brackets and supply the article where necessary.
1. The hall was (full) when they arrived, but it seemed ever (full) now. 2. His shirt looked (yellow) than usual. 3. She looked very (nice) now in a (large) straw hat: it was (hot) that afternoon, (hot) day they had had, and beads of sweat stood in a line on her upper lip.4. "Of all the (stupid) questions I've ever been asked," he said angrily, "that's (stupid)." 5. He was (hungry) than he had ever been in his life. 6. This path is (narrow) than that one. 7. She was (thin) and (white) than when last he had seen her. 8. You're (charming) girl I've ever seen in my life and (delightful). 9. She had never given anyone to understand that she was (poor) than the rest. 10. Her dance became (gay) than theirs: her feet scarcely touched the ground, she whirled round madly. 11. I feel (sorry) for George sometimes than I am for (poor) Needle. 12. Clutton, (silent) of them all, remained behind listening. 13. "I'd almost for- gotten how (green) a tree can be," she whispered. "Back in Boston there's (green) oak tree you ever saw in your life." 14. His expectations, however, seemed to be-(humble) than mine. 15. Runway zero-eight was (long) of the airport's three runways. 16. How (handsome) he was! He was (handsome) man in the party. 17. Oh, you are (wonderful), you're (wonderful.) girl in the whole world. 18. His eyes are (true) things I ever saw. 19. Miss Pennefeather got (dull), Lottie (mad) and Mrs Gor-delier (exasperating) than ever. 20. After all, it was (complete) thing, and perhaps (dead) in the London of to-day. 21. He is much (good) now than yesterday. 22. "Oh! Dad, you are (good) in the world." — "That
means (bad)," thought Jolyon.
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Exercise 2. Translate into English.
1. Вы самый медленный бегун, какого я когда-либо встречал. 2. Вечером море стало еще красивее. 3. Он был самый добрый и самый приятный человек, которого я когда-либо знала. 4. Эта комната казалась больше и удобнее, чём та. 5. Я думаю, что Джейн самая красивая девушка из всех. 6. Я рада, что вы более добрый человек, чем я, Том. 7. Ее назвали Эллой, так как это было самое модное имя для девочек в то время. 8. Этот цветок желтее того. 9. Вам следует помнить, что Том на десять лет моложе Джека. 10, Она учила его, где находится Черное море, какая самая длинная река и как называется самая высокая гора в Советском Союзе. 11. Я сейчас больше устала, чем когда-либо. 12. Мой отец бывало говорил, что он был самым способным человеком из всех его друзей. 13. Он увидел, что бледное лицо его двоюродного брата стало еще бледнее. 14. Вы самая
храбрая женщина, которую я когда-либо знал. 15. Мой младший брат умнее Джона. 16. На столе стояла тарелка с печеньем, две чашки и сахарница. Печенье было самое дешевое. 17. Он самый лучший пианист, не правда ли?
Exercise 3. Comment on the use of the underlined adjectives.
1. She was his oldest child. 2. 'Come and shake hands with Mr Carey, Sally.’ He turned to Philip. 'Isn't she enormous? She's my eldest. How old _are you, Sally?' 'Fifteen, father, come next June.' 3. Marie climbed hastily into the nearest compartment and was lost to sight. 4. Next morning Mildred was sulky and taciturn. 5. No further news had come. 6. In the further corner sat Philbric, talking in Welsh to a shady-looking old man. 7. The last laugh died away. 8. The latest news was very important. 9. The wooden bridge was nearly three quarters of a mile across. 10. His wooden face creased into a smile and then returned to its former unexpressiveness. 11. She sent him a gold cigarette case. 12. The sand was golden yellow as if the sun struck through the water all the way to the bottom of the sea.
Exercise 4. Use the appropriate form of the adjective given in brackets.
1. His age was fifty; he looked several years (old). 2. 'It is one of his worse days, Mother,’ said the (old) son. 3. The (old) brother came from the stable and Bill stood still, hands clenched. 4. Jim was (old) by only four years but already there was gray in his hair and deep lines in his face. 5. Uncle Charles and Dante clapped. They were (old) than his father and mother but Uncle Charles was (old) than Dante. 6. Eleanor went downstairs to the dining-room, where her husband, his parents and his three (old) children were assembled for luncheon.
Exercise 5. Translate into English.
1. Поезд опоздал на две минуты. 2. Скажите, пожалуйста, кто последним вошел в зал? 3. Последние известия по телевидению начинаются в девять часов. 4. Последнее издание этой книги уже распродано. 5. В дальнем конце зала была сцена, на которой стояли четыре человека из оркестра и играли вальс, 6. Она знала, что дальнейшего обсуждения ее доклада не будет. 7. Мне хотелось бы посмотреть на его машину, которая стояла в самом дальнем углу двора. 8. Скажите, пожалуйста, где ближайшая булочная? 9. В течение следующих трех дней ни Филипп, ни он не видели друг друга. 10. У матери часто бывает особое чувство к старшему сыну. 11. Элеонора была в детской с тремя старшими детьми и вышла оттуда в их сопровождении. 12. Джёйн была на год старше Марии. У нее были густые черные волосы и темно-голубые глаза. 13. Он выглядел старше своих тридцати лет.
Exercise 6. Intensify the adjectives in the following sentences.
1. He was shorter than I was, and not more than an inch or two taller than Irene, but his shoulders, neck and wrists were strong. 2. I didn't
think it was serious. 3. I want Mrs Lash flown to New Orleans by the
fastest means. 4. Clive says there must be about ten blankets on the bed, and with each one you take off he gets colder. 5. Sonny was gayer, more cheerful, and Michael realized what that gaiety meant. 6. "He's not tall, not good looking," he said. I shook my head and said, "It's not important." 7. He brought his project in the simplest way. 8. The dispute grew more violent. 9. It was a large and handsome house, finer than mine. 10. He was the ablest manager among the Master's party. 11. The silence grew oppressive and Piggy held his breath. 12. I told you, doctor, my headache wasn't bad. 13. When I was a boy out here three years ago they were the happiest, jolliest years. 14. "Don't you think it might be wiser if we turned out the light?" said Mr Sniggs. 15. It was one of the happiest afternoon he had ever spent there. 16. Philip grew better. 17. His voice became low. 18. The blood pressure became worse. 19. Jennie was kind to point out that this was what I had just been suggesting. 20. Mary was well aware that Nina would be perfectly willing to discuss the whole matter with her in the frankest way. 21. Our lives, our marriage, our children, are more important than your work.
Exefcise 7. Translate into Russian. Pay special attention to the degrees of comparison of the adjectives.
1. He made her feel like the most interesting, fascinating girl in the world. 2. Wells regarded him with the greatest kindness. 3. Our teacher is a most pleasant and intelligent young man. 4. It's not natural that you should go there now. It's most unnatural. 5. There is a most interesting article in the 'Educational Review on the new methods that are being tried at the Innesborough High School. 6. It was no longer possible to hear exactly what she said. Miss Taylor was the quickest in the hospital of guessing what Granny Smith's remarks might be, but Miss Barnacle was the most inventive. 7. At last we are here. The forest is the most beautiful in Africa, a house of jewels. 8. She is a most unbalanced woman. 9. "That's a most extraordinary request, Mr Sidney," he said. 10. He wandered thus one May night into Regent Street and the most amazing crowd he had ever seen. 11. She was having a most distressing time with Ann. 12. Delphine came up with her Sergeant-Major and greeted me like her dearest friend. 13. The greatest ideas are the simplest. 14. Everyone was most anxious to get to the camp in time.
Exercise 8. Translate into English.
1. Ник весьма способный и трудолюбивый студент. 2. Он чувствовал себя все лучше и лучше. 3. Не так уж трудно найти друга, на которого можно положиться. 4. Москва для него была всегда намного привлекательнее зимой, чем летом. 5. Она надела нарядную коричневую юбку и белую кофту, что делало ее намного моложе» чем она была на самом деле. 6. «Моему отцу только шестьдесят лет. Он прекрасно ходит на лыжах», — сказал Том. «Не такой он уж молодой», — сказал Джек. 7. Том, вы хотите быть более полезным, чем Джон? 8. Она была гораздо моложе своей сестры и менее веселая. 9. У нас есть чрезвычайно важные новости для вас. 10. Ваша память нисколько не
лучше моей. 11. Он весьма забавный собеседник. 12. Музыка звучала громче и громче по мере нашего приближения к парку. 13. Мы попытаемся подняться на гору отсюда. Я думаю, что это самый легкий путь, какой только можно себе представить. 14. Вы самый большой друг, какой когда-либо у меня был. 15. Он весьма привлекательный человек. 16. Город даже был более оживленным, чем она предполагала. 17. Не так уж просто стать учителем иностранного языка. 18. Защитные круги от небольшого цветного зонтика становились все меньше и меньше, а затем исчезли. 19. Он взглянул на Анну, улыбнулся и сказал: «Ты все-таки самая добрая». 20. Неужели это так важно, чтобы Майкл пошел купаться сейчас? 21. Мы вынуждены были отложить поездку за город, так как погода становилась все хуже и хуже.
Exercise 9. Fill in appropriate articles before substantivized adjectives where necessary.
1. She was twenty-four. Her skin was pale with a touch of... green. 2. She had dressed carefully — the dress matching the tone of her skin seemed to emphasize... green of her eyes. 3. Fanny Price coloured. The blood under her unhealthy skin seemed to be... strange purple. 4. The sky was... light, radiant blue, but, although it was only early afternoon, a mist was creeping on to the brilliant grass. 5. His eyes were large and blue, but... blue was very pale, and they looked rather tired already. 6. 1 have nice hair. It is black —... real black, not... dark brown. 7. The sun in the west was a drop of... burning gold that slid nearer and nearer thesil! of the world. 8. I enjoyed the sensation of sitting quietly beside her and looking at... pale gold of her hair and... pale gold of her skin. 9. Ralph ignored Jack's question. He pointed to the touch of... yellow above the sea. 10. There was a scent of honey from the lime trees in flower, and in the sky... blue was beautiful, with a few white clouds which looked and perhaps tasted like lemon ice. 11. He himself had always liked... French, feeling at home with their wit, their taste, their cooking. 12. He's... Swiss, I believe. 13. I thought he was... Turkey as he spoke... fluent Turkish. 14. You can't be a captain because you don't know... Italian well enough. 15. I only write about what a beautiful place we live in and how brave... Italians are. 16.... Swiss are a very intelligent race and keenly alive to architectural beauty. 17. At dinner I ate very quickly and left for the villa where... British had their hospital. 18. I was obviously... German in Italian uniform. 19. You don't understand... German, do you? 20. She wasn't... Swede, like her husband. 21. It would be better to be in the study hall than out in... cold. 22. You're too brave. Nothing ever happens to... brave. The coward dies a thousand deaths,... brave but one. 23. It was always your ambition to be a nurse and help... sick ever since you were a little child, wasn't it? 24. Philip learned how little there was in common between... poor and classes above them.
25. Old Jolyon sighed; he had an insatiable appetite for... young.
26. We'll be getting to Twelve Oaks in a little bit, and every man there,
... old and... young, wanting to know about the horses.
Exercise 10. Translate into English.
1. Прекрасное всегда радует глаз. 2. Он внезапно вышел из комнаты. 3. Небо было ярко-голубое. 4.Черный был определенно не ее цвет. 5. Не стойте на холоде. Вы хотите заболеть? 6. Это были люди, которые посвятили себя изучению неизвестного. 7. У нее были темно-золотистые волосы, темно-коричневые глаза, а кожа бледно-золотистая. 8. Старые не всегда и даже большую часть времени не чувствуют себя старыми. 9. Элиза была прекрасна в черном и белом. 10. Мне нравится ваша седина на висках. 11. Они просили его о невозможном. 12. У нее были темно-голубые сердитые глаза. 13. Я полагаю, вы правы, все идет к лучшему. 14. Ок принял неизбежное. 15. Большинство раненых были спокойны, но некоторые очень шумели. 16. Когда мы вместе работали, я делал вам много хорошего. 17. Он, бывало, вознаграждал добрых и наказывал жестоких. 18. У нее были необыкновенные способности смешивать главное со второстепенным. 19. Ее мысли были заняты будущим. 20. Джейн была высокая, смуглая и красивая. Она была одета в белое, а в ее черных волосах сияли бриллианты. 21. Они русские. Русские — прекрасный народ. 22. Говорят, он не швед, а болгарин. 23. Он хорошо говорил по-немецки и гораздо хуже по-английски. 24. Я думал, что вы сказали, что он француз, так как он хорошо говорит по-французски. 25. «Не может быть, что вы англичанин, так как вы недостаточно хорошо знаете английский. Вы даже и не итальянец». «Я чех, но я был в Италии, — сказал я, — и говорил по-итальянски».
NUMERAL
Exercise 1. Comment on the use of the numerals in the following sentences.
1. The two sisters lived for each other as did Honor and Gavin. 2. There is a letter for you, Philip. It came by the second post. 3. He flashed a conspiratorial grin at the other two. 4. During that time they had a second child, a boy. 5. He looked round guiltily at the three boys standing by. 6. There were two stewardesses, at the moment, in the tourist cabin. Now a third stewardess appeared from the first class compartment forward, and the three of them were holding a hurried conversation. 7. And with something of a thrill he saw that Eldersom was a fourth player. 8. Simon knelt on all fours and was sick till his stomach was empty. 9. After less than five minutes of that perfect silence Soames came in. 10. "The five of them ought to be photographed," said Regan, surveying her grandchildren. 11. The man seemed to be in his late forties, with a long sandy mustache trailing across his lip. 12. Boys lingered talking to one another, and presently some who had hurried to change came out to play fives; others straggled out in twos and threes and went out of the gateway: Philip knew they were going up to the cricket ground. 13. I began to earn my own living when I was fifteen. 14. His voice had a thousand modulations. 15. There are nearly two million front doors in London. 16. Well, you or somebody ought to give him a Iook-up-last of the old lot; he's a hundred, you know. 17. Catherine had a little over twelve hundred lire. 18. For some time after that the gentleman was silent. It was interesting to see him, taking a look, making a stroke on the paper, taking another look. Hundreds of looks, hundreds of strokes.
Exercise 2. Write in words.
4, 14, 40; 5, 15, 50; 9, 19, 90, 9-th, 90-th; 8, 8-th, 18-th, 80-th. Exercise 3. Fill in appropriate articles where necessary.
1. It was only... fifth of July, and no meeting was fixed with Fleur until... ninth. 2.June walked straight up to her former friend, kissed her cheek, and... two settled down on a sofa never sat on since the hotel's foundation. 3. He'd catch... two o'clock train back to New York. 4. She is quite aged for... seventy, isn't she? What I would call... old seventy. 5. The letter bored him, and when it was followed next
day by another, and the day after by... third, he began to worry. 6. Philip looked at his uncle with disapproval when he took... second piece of cake. 7. He walked along thoughtfully. He wasn't going to be one of... lucky ten who were going to be taken back. 8. "Miss Luce will be... second mother to the children,” she said. 9. They talked of... thousand things, and they all talked at once. 10. James looked at her sideways, and placed... second piece of ham in his mouth. 11. The phone rang almost immediately... third time. 12. The phone, ringing for... fourth time, interrupted his thoughts. 13. … three times I have already done that. Everything! Then this time will make... fourth. 14. That question, too, he had asked himself... thousand times. 15. Once more he had used the service stairs from... eighth floor to... ninth.
PRONOUN
Exercise 1. Insert the proper form of the personal pronoun in brackets.
1. I had turned and faced (he). He was taller than (I). 2. I only mean I'm sorry the captain's (I). 3. He'll be between (you) and (I), anyway. 4. It was (he) before whom she felt defeat. 5. It was (she) who asked the next question. 6. It's (they) whom I pity desperately. 7. "She's better at it than (we) are," said Nora. 8. It was (I) not Martin, who had insisted on seeing (he) that night — because I wanted his support. 9. I recalled, too, there had been some talk between Tom Wells and (she). 10c Now here you are, safe and sound. And you have your home and Eliza and (he). 11. This is (I) who can help you.
Exercise 2. Choose the appropriate form of the possessive pronoun.
1. I went (my, mine) way, and she went (her, hers). 2. He left (her, hers) with (their, theirs) child. 3. What was this experiment of (your, yours)? 4. He slipped (his) arm in (her, hers). 5. From this point onward (their, theirs) story comes in two versions, (my, mine) and (her, hers). 6. The Minister's room was only two doors from (my, mine). 7. "That thought is not (me, mine)," he said to himself quickly. 8. Where's (your, yours) seat? I shall go to (my, rriine). 9. Call me what you like. You have chosen (your, yours) part, we have chosen (our, ours). 10. His nature was harder than most of (their, theirs).
Exercise 3. Translate into English.
а) 1. Oн кончил обедать и положил нож и вилку на стол. 2. Она
заглянула в свою комнату и быстро вернулась в его. 3. Она пошла в
ванную комнату, чтобы вымыть лицо и руки. 4. Джек сел прямо и вы-
тянул ноги. 5. Ральф покачал головой и вышел из комнаты. 6. Док-
тор положил руку на ее плечо. 7. Он знал, что мои симпатии были
на его стороне. 8. Он был на два года старше меня и моей подруги.
б) 1. Ее дядя был ректором университета. — И мой тоже..2. «Он,
может быть, один из моих давнишних пациентов», — сказал Филипп.
3. У меня было странное чувство, когда мы говорили о его друзьях.
4. Это одна из моих соседок. 5. Сэм и Джейн очень преданы этому
другу. 6. Я полагаю, что я прав, думая, что он один из ваших учени-
ков. 7. Его взгляд встретился с моим. 8. Вы прекрасно выглядите
в своей форме. 9. Он сын моего старого друга. 10. Его английский
звучал так же хорошо, как и их. 11. В те дни я редко видел своего
школьного друга и стеснялся в его присутствии так же, как и он в
моем. 12." Сегодня утром мне звонила по телефону одна из моих пле-
мянниц. 13. Том недавно получил письмо от школьного друга. 14. Ваша собака портит сад. На вашем месте я бы не держала собаку в саду. 15. Вы принесли попугая! — Да, разве он не ваш? Майкл сказал мне, что он принадлежит вам. 16. Она посмотрела на него безразличными глазами. 17. Этот его взгляд был очень холодным и странным. 18. «Мы поедем сегодня на машине к нашему другу?» — спросила Джейн. «Хорошо», — ответил Ник удивленно. «На вашей машине или на моей?» — «На вашей». 19. У него было такое же живое воображение, как у меня.
в) 1. Он посмотрел на Майкла своими добрыми глазами. 2. Поехать за город в воскресенье было еще одной прекрасной идеей Тима. 3. Он был одним из двоюродных братьев Джона. 4. Он говорит, что он один из ваших друзей или вы один из его друзей. 5. Он коллега моего отца. Я знаю его всю свою жизнь. 6. Он знал, что этот человек был одним из родственников отца, которого он давно не видел. 7. Они отдыхали в санатории на берегу Черного моря и встретили много друзей своих родителей. 8. Он получил большое удовольствие от своих поездок в Крым. 9. Он был одним из лучших учеников моей матери.
10. Его речь была выслушана с большим вниманием. 11. Он никогда
раньше не слышал об этом странном замужестве Элизы.
Exercise 4. Point out the reflexive and emphatic pronouns. State their functions.
Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Robert set himself four drawings per week. 2. Leidner himself is a delightful fellow — so modest and unassuming. 3. James himself had given him his first brief. 4. She had taught Holly to speak French like herself. 5. There was a frame and in it a photograph of herself as a little girl. 6. They themselves were longing to ask Soames how Irene would take the result. 7. His eyes reconcentrated themselves quickly on the button-hook. 8. I'll see him myself to-morrow. 9. If June did not like this, she could have an allowance and live by herself. 10. She wrote the words to them herself, and other poems. 11. I thought to myself that it was always the same way. 12. I thought what a pretty girl she was herself. 13. His friendship with Michael, begun in hospital, had languished and renewed itself suddenly.
Exercise 5. Insert the proper self -pronoun.
1. "Sit down, Peter," she said, seating... in a chair opposite him. 2. The boat was expected between the eight and tenth of August. I allowed... to sit gazing out to sea in the hope that it would appear before time. 3. At two o'clock I was cooling... in the lake. 4. The butler... opened the door, and closing it softly, detained Soames on the inner mat. 5. "By Jove!" thought Jolyon; "Soames...! What's he up to now?" 6. Timothy's eyes left the fly, and levelled … on his visitor. 7. You even called... by your fancy real name. 8. Her eyes were a book in.... 9. And since Scarlett had married and moved into her own home, she had been generosity.... 10. She opened to him....
11. You can speak to him....
зз
Exercise 6. Translate into English.
1. Я сама увижу его завтра. 2. Я могу вам дать свою собственную фотографию. 3. Затем ей самой захотелось что-то сделать. 4. «Будет скандал», — пробормотал Джеймс как будто самому себе. 5. Она себя не понимала. 6, Если он занят, я могу пойти на танцы одна. 7. Вернись, мой мальчик, и закрой дверь. Двери сами не закрываются, не-правда ли? 8. Вы можете слышать себя повсюду, куда бы вы ни поехали. 9. Он удивлялся самому себе. 10. Они предпочитали пить чай одни, а после чая играли в шахматы. 11. В тот вечер она была сама доброта. 12. Были такие моменты, когда ему было чрезвычайно жалко самого себя. 13. Им всегда нравилась песня «Катюша». 14. Он страшно упрекал себя за свое поведение в тот вечер. 15. Когда она была готова, она посмотрела в зеркало. 16. Он взобрался на дерево и увидел квадратную вершину горы. 17. Он часто разговаривал сам с собой. 18. В тот вечер они должны были обедать одни. 19. Кофе был готов. Она налила себе чашку и села за стол.
Exercise 7. Insert each other or one another.
1. The old couple looked at.... 2. They were red in the face and found looking at... for a moment. 3. The rest of us looked at... in amazement. He looked shrewdly at the three. 4. Joan and Roy spoke to... only about the game. 5. For the next three days neither Philip nor they spoke to.... 6. The two boys faced.... 7. The two girls leant towards... and spoke in tones audible to no one else. 8. In time, they were joined by others — 01 wen Kfrby, Lesley Stevens, Jill Bal-lam. Nervously, they grinned at.... 9. The two families don't know.... 10. The two stood gazing at... for a minute in silence. II. And for a moment they all three stood silently looking at.... 12. The twins looked at... glumly. 13. For a moment nothing more was said. And then Simmon and Ralph suddenly smiled at .... 14. These three ladies disliked and distrusted.... 15. The twins, still sharing their identical grin, jumped up and run round.... 16. They sat opposite..., as they had so often sat before.
Exercise 8. Translate into English. Pay attention to the use of the demonstrative pronouns.
1. «У вас губы синие от ягод», — сказал Ник. «И у вас тоже», — сказала Алиса. 2. В те первые августовские дни у меня было мало дел на работе. 3. Это очень большой роман. Боюсь, что за два дня я его не прочитаю. 4. Он говорил ей о своей работе в больнице, а она рассказала ему, что она делала в тот день в институте. 5. Это Майкл, а не Мартин настаивал, чтобы мы встретились в тот вечер. 6. В тот день я болел и не был на занятиях. 7. Этот дом действительно в ужасном состоянии. 8. В тот вечер Мартин никому не отвечал на вопросы.
Exercise 9. Substitute that or those for the repeated noun.
1. Their poetry was not the poetry of Milton and Byron and Tenny-son. 2. Scarlett's eyes met the eyes of 'Grandma. 3. The expression on
.34
his face was the expression of a crossed child, intent on something that he has not got. 4. The trees in our garden are taller than the trees in the park. 5. But the train seemed to run twice as fast now, and its sound was almost lost in the sound of Jon's sighing. 6. Most people would consider such a marriage as the marriage of Soames and Irene quite fairly successful. 7. His eyes were melancholy as the eyes of a monkey. 8. His son saw him gravely hanging up his coat, with an expression on his face like the expression of a boy who intends to steal cherries. 9. The climate of Moscow is better than the climate of Leningrad. 10. "Oh!" she said and the disappointment in her voice was 4he disappointment of a child who opens a beautifully wrapped package to find it empty.
Exercise 10. Analyse the italicized pronouns and state, whether they are relative conjunctive or interrogative.
3. What was the matter with the fellow that he looked so happy?
2. Maybe he just forgot what it wgs like to be young. 3. Peter inquired
sharply, "Who are you?" — "Do you mean who or what?" 4. With a
jerk the mechanism took hold and the elevator started down. "Which
elevator is this?" — "Number four." 5. He shifted to the side window
which overlooked the stableyard, and whistled down to the dog Baltha-
sar, who lay for ever under the clock tower. 6. What do I need her for?
7. He knew what was happening, of course. 8. "Allen, whose apartment
is this?" she said quietly. "Mine, if I want it." — "Butwho does it
belong to now?" 9. He was the architect of this very house (hat we live
in now. 10. He got up from the window-seat and roamed in the big
grey ghostly room, whose walls were hung with silvered canvas. 11. What
passed at their meeting was not recorded in detail. 12. "Isn't she Miss?"
said Gavin to his sister, with a gesture towards Faith. "Yes, that is
.what you would call me," said the latter. 13. All that was left, was to
compose the letter. 14. He was very unorthodox, which frightened them.
15. What he saw seemed to satisfy him. 16. The first thing she asked
him was what he thought of Avice Crichton. 17. He looked very well-
bred, which indeed he was, and he had exquisite manners. 18. I often
think of those people who used to cross our threshold and accept our
hospitality. 19. When supper was over, Jane and a small brother were
sent down to a brook that ran at the bottom of the meadow to fetch a
pail of water for washing up. 20. The candles were still burning in the
dining-room and the first thing he saw when he entered was what re
mained of the supper they had eaten, the two plates, the two cups and
the frying-pan in which Mary had cooked eggs and bacon.
Exercise 11. Fill in conjunctive, relative or interrogative pronouns.
1. He changed the subject to the only one... could bring the majority of them together. 2. It was Martin... was freer, not Irene.
3.... am I speaking to, please? 4. I don't care... he says to me, I
know I'm a real artist. 5. Everything... had gone before, was like noth
ing. 6.... side of the bed do you like, Mum? 7. They reached the street
in... she lived. 8. There was a suspicion of truth in... she said, and
it made Philip angry enough to answer... first came into his head.
9. She bade him a casual good-night,... made him think he had been dreaming. 10. The little ee. Martin said had not been friendly. 11. "My shoulder hurts," I said. "... shoulder?" I touched my left shoulder. 12. He asked Mrs Otter whether she knew... had become of her. 13. He was late,... made her angry. 14. Good evening, Mrs Kennedy. And... of you ladies is Mrs Wilkes? 15. Clutton put his hands over his eyes so that he might concentrate his mind on... he wanted to say. 16. The last thing... any of us wants is breakfast. 17.... was he like? 18. Please make up your mind, therefore, whether you want me to decorate for you, or to retire,... on the whole I should prefer to do. 19. And he began considering … of those windows could be hers under the green sunblinds. 20. He pulled the handkerchief off his face, got up from the sofa on... he was lying, and went into the dining-room. 21.,.. troubled him most was the uselessness of Fanny's effort. 22. Mr Wells told me — and Г quote his own words — that it was one of the sweetest, kindest things … was ever done for him. 23.... do you think I want tea for?
Exercise 12. Omit the relative pronouns where possible.
1. He returned to his desk and dialled a number which he knew by heart. 2. I wrote other novels, which were published, and I write plays.
3. His eyes, which were hot and inquisitive, looked from Martin to me.
4. In the dark and the cold of the morning they drove out the country
road through the mist that hung heavy over the flat. 5. He was the
architect of this very house that we