1. “Have you booked your holiday?”
a) “Yes, we have. We’re going to Italy”.
b) ”Yes, we have. We’ll go to Italy.”
2. Have you got toothache again?”
a) “Oh! It’s agony! But I see the dentist this afternoon”.
b) “Oh! It’s agony! But I’m seeing the dentist this afternoon”.
3. “What a beautiful day! Not a cloud in the sky!”
a) “Ah, but the weather forecast says it’s raining”.
b) “Ah, but the weather forecast says it’s going to rain”.
4. “I thought you had just bought a fax machine”.
a) “Yes, that’s right. It’s being delivered tomorrow”.
b) “Yes, that’s right. It will be delivered tomorrow”.
5. “Please don’t tell anyone. It’s a secret”.
a) “Don’t worry. We won’t tell anybody”.
b) “Don’t worry. We’re not telling anybody”.
6. “I haven’t got enough money to pay for my ticket”.
a) “It’s OK. I’m going to lend you some”.
b) “It’s OK. I’ll lend you some”.
7. “You two looked really shocked. What’s the matter?”
a) “We’ve just learnt that we’ll have twins”.
b) “We’ve just learnt that we’re going to have twins”.
8. “Can you meet me after work?”
a) “I’d love to, but John’s taking me out tonight”.
b) “I’d love to, but John’ll take me out tonight”.
Ex. 11. Read and translate the text.
A Laconic Answer
There was a time when the people of Greece were not united but instead there were several states each of which had its own ruler.
Some of the people in the southern part of the country were called Spartans and they were famous for their simple habits and their bravery.
The name of their country was Laconia so they were sometimes called Lacons.
One of the strange rules which the Spartans had was that they should speak briefly and never use more words that were needed. A short answer is often called laconic that is such an answer as a Lacon would give.
There was in the Northern part of Greece a land called Macedonia. That land was at one time ruled by a king named Philip. Philip of Macedonia wanted to become master of all Greece. So he raised a great army and made war upon other states until nearly all of them were forced to call him their king. Then he sent a letter to the Spartans in Laconia which said, “If I go down into your country, I will level your great city to the ground”.
A few days later an answer was brought. When he opened the letter he found only one word written there.
That word was “If”.
Discuss the text using the following expressions (pay attention to the Sequence of Tenses):
I’ve learned from the text that … I knew that … I think that ….
I agree (disagree) that … I didn’t know that… I don’t think that …
Прямая и косвенная речь
(Direct and Indirect/Reported Speech)
Мы можем передать чье-либо высказывание двумя способами:
1. привести его непосредственно:
Ann says, “I want to go to Cambridge”.
Tom said, “I’ve done my homework”.
Это прямая речь (Direct Speech)
2. передать чье-то высказывание следующим образом:
Ann said that she wanted to go to Cambridge.
Tom said that he had done his homework.
Это косвенная речь (Indirect or Reported Speech)
При переводе повествовательных предложений из прямой речи в косвенную речь производятся следующие изменения:
1. повествовательное предложение вводится союзом that, который в разговорной речи часто опускается:
He says, “I’ll make a hotel reservation for you”. – He says (that) he’ll make a hotel reservation for us.
2. личные и притяжательные местоимения заменяются по смыслу:
He says, “ I ’ve just read your book”. – He says (that) he has just read my book.
Ann says, “ I don’t want to go to the cinema with you ”. – Ann says (that) she doesn’t want to go to the cinema with us.
3. если после глагола to say имеется предложное дополнение, указывающее на лицо, к которому обращена речь, то он заменяется глаголом to tell:
She has said to me, “I’m very tired”. – She has told me (that) she is very tired.
4. если глагол в главном предложении стоит в прошедшем времени:
a) время глагола в придаточном предложении должно быть заменено в соответствии с правилом согласования времен:
Direct SpeechReported Speech
Present Indefinite Past Indefinite
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Past Indefinite [1]Past Perfect
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Future Indefinite Future in the Past
b) заменяются следующие указательные местоимения и наречия времени и места:
| Direct Speech this these now today yesterday the day before yesterday tomorrow next week (year) next Monday last week (year) a year ago this June here ago | Reported Speech that those then that day the day before two days before the next day the following (the next) week (year) the following Monday the previous week (year) the year before, the previous year the following June there before |
Direct SpeechReported Speech
| He said, He said to me, | “Jane is doing her Math now ”. “We had a musical party at my place the day before yesterday ”. “I’ve had a lot of experience”. “She will graduate from college next year ”. | He said (that) He told me (that) | Jane was doingher Math then. they had had a musical party at his place two days before. he’d hada lot of experience. she would graduate from college the following year. |
5. если говорящий сообщает о происшедшем в тот же день, то наречия не заменяются и времена могут не изменяться:
At breakfast this morning Ann said, “I’ll make an appointment with Mr. Brown for today ”. - At breakfast this morning Ann said that she’d make an appointment with Mr. Brown for today.
George said to me this afternoon, “Mary’s been in hospital for a month now ”. - George told me this afternoon that Mary’s been in hospital for a month now.
6. в газетных информационных статьях согласование времен часто не соблюдается:
The president said they will discuss those problems during the next meeting.