Verbs for things going up




Rocket

Jump

Edge up

Soar

Creep up

Peak up (especially for numbers, prices, etc.)

Rise

Increase

Verbs for things going down

Slump

Plunge

Slip back

Slip down

Plummet

Drop

Bottom out (especially when talking about prices)

Fall down

 

Unstable situation Discrepancy – the difference between two things

 
 


Fluctuation

Fluctuate

           
   
   
 
 

 


Bottom out – to fall and then remain stable

 

 


Stability – remain flat

 
 

 


Prepositions

 
 

 


Exercise 1. Write the missing adjectives or adverbs.

e.g.: dramatic – dramatically

impressive –

slight –

steady –

sharp –

steeply –

 

Now use the words to fill in the gaps on the next page. Use one pair of words for each question.

1 a Sales of coffee showed a slight increase between 2004 and 2006.

b Sales of coffee increased.slightly... between 2004 and 2006.

 

2 a The domestic car market showed an ………

growth of 50% for three consecutive years from 2001

to 2003.

 

b The domestic car market grew……… by 50% for

three consecutive years from 2001 to 2003.

 

3 aThe world population grew…….. between 1950

and 2005.

b The world population experienced a………..

growth between 1950 and 2005.

 

 

4 a The number of British households using their own shopping bags when shopping fell…….. between 1965 and 2005.

b There was a….. fall in the number of British

households using their own shopping bags when shopping between 1965 and 2005.

 

5 a House prices climbed…… during the first half of the year before falling in August.

b There was a…… climb in house prices during the first half of the year before a fall in August.

 

 

Numbers

Cardinal numbers

379 = three hundred and seventy-nine 2,860 = two thousand, eight hundred and sixty

5,084 = five thousand and eighty-four 470,000 = four hundred and seventy thousand

2,000,000 = two million 3,000,000,000 = three billion

 

 

Language help

There is no plural’s after hundred, thousand, million and billion when they are part of a number. When we are talking generally, they are plural. e.g. thousands of people.

 

 

Dates

With dates, we write them and say them in a diffe rent way. We can write 4 June or June 4th, but say the fourth of June or June the fourth.

We can write 21 May or May 21st, but say the twenty-first of May or May the twenty-first.

1997 = nineteen ninety-seven; 2010 = two thousand and ten or twenty ten


Fractions and decimals

1¼= one and a quarter

 

1½= one and a half

= one and three quarters

 

1.25 = one point two five

1.5 = one point five 1.75 = one point seven five


 


Percentages

26% is spoken as twenty-six per cent. More than 50% of something is the majority of it, less than 50% of something is the minority:

The vast majority of the students (e.g. 95%) agreed with the new plan, only a small minority (e.g. 5%) were unhappy.

Calculations

There are four basic processes. Notice how they are said when we are working out [trying to calculate] the answer.

+ = addition e.g. 6 + 4 = 10 (six plus/and four equals/is ten)

- = subtraction e.g. 6-4 = 2 (six minus four is two)

x = multiplication e.g. 6 x 4 = 24 (six multiplied by / times four is twenty-four) ÷ = division e.g. 8 + 2 = 4 (eight divided by two is four)

Some people are not very good at adding up numbers [ putting numbers together to reach a tota l ], and often get stuck [ have a problem ] if they have to work out something quite difficult. The easiest way is to use a calculator [ a small electronic machine for working out numbers ].

Saying '0'

'0' can be spoken in different ways in different situations:

telephone number: 603449 = six oh three, double four nine OR six zero three, double four nine

mathematics: 0.7 = nought point seven; 6.02 = six point oh two OR six point nought two; temperature: -10 degrees = ten degrees below zero OR minus ten degrees

Exercises

1. How do you say these numbers in English? Write the answers in words, then practise saying them.

 

1 462 four hundred and sixty-two

2

3 2,345

4 0.25

5 1,250,000

6 10.04

7 47%

8 10 September

9 940338 (phone number)

10 -5 Celsius

11 in 1996

12 2012

2. Correct the mistakes.

 

1 Two thousand and five hundred. Two thousand, five hundred

2 After the game, I heard that the crowd was over twenty thousands.

3 We arrived on the seven June

4 There were two hundred twenty altogether.

5 My birthday is the thirty-one August

6 My phone number is seven twenty-three, six nought nine

3. Complete the sentences.

1 Eight multiplied by seven is fifty-six.

2 The were in favour of the new airport; about 80%, I think.

3 A small did not support the idea, but it was only 5%.

4 I'm not very good at arithmetic. I always have to use a ………..

5 When I tried to add all the numbers, I couldn't it out.

6 I can do simple calculations, but I get if the numbers are very big.

4. Can you work out the answers? If you find it difficult, use paper or a calculator.

1 23 and 36 is fifty-nine

2 24 times 3 is

3 80 minus 20 is

4 65 divided by 13 is

5 Add 10 and 6, multiply by 3, then subtract 15 and divide by 11. What number is left?

6 Divide 33 by 11, multiply by 7, add 10, and subtract 16. What number is left?..

 

A

B

C

OVER TO YOU



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