Read and translate the following international words. Look up their transcriptions in the dictionary if necessary. Mind the part of speech.
Genetic adj, astrophysics n, ideal n adj, calculate v, phenomenal adj, arithmetic adj, operation n, electronics n, vacuum n, transistor n, logical adj, machine n, miniaturization n, extreme adj, analyse v, apparatus n, algorithm n, virtual adj, astrophysicists n, structure n, interplanetary adj, functions n.
Read and translate the following word combinations which come from the texts of the Unit. Mind the use of nouns as attributes in preposition. Look up your dictionary if necessary.
Astrophysics research, a vacuum tube-based transistor, a punch card, a semiconductor-based transistor, computer technology, computer applications, data storage and analysis, computer networks, a research lab, structure formation simulations, space missions, satellite launches, the launch vehicle and spacecraft, instrumentation control, onboard computer systems, a research paper.
15. Form the nouns (a) and adjectives (b, c, d) with the help of the following suffixes. Read and translate them into Russian.
a) -ship: scholar, citizen, leader, fellow, lecture, student, friend, relation, member, partner, proprietor, space, owner, companion;
b) -ful: care, use, purpose, power, duty, harm, beauty, delight, force, grace, help, joy, peace, thank, youth, success;
c) -less: effort, use, help, meaning, motion, hope, harm, air, brain, end, heart, humour, life, name, speech, thought;
d) -ic: base, atom, cube, economy, acid, linguistics, magnet, symbol, bureaucrat, patriot, diplomat, hero, poet, rhythm, optimist.
Section 3. GRAMMAR PRACTICE
16. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the different forms of the infinitive and their meaning.
1. I’d like to go home early today. 2. It is nice to be sitting here. 3. I am glad to have left school. 4. He doesn’t like to be interrupted while he’s working. 5. I remember to have been asked this question. 6. I’d like to have been sitting there when she walked in. 7. She asked me not to forget to post the letter. 8. I was sorry not to have phoned you. 9. We must make careful plans. 10.1 would rather go by myself.
17. Read and translate the following sentences with infinitives.
1. To be a professional in building construction requires study at a university or college. 2. To work in building construction was the dream of his life. 3. To read books in bad light is harmful. 4. To defend his thesis as soon as possible was all that he wanted. 5. To apply that research method was very important. 6. To maintain the excellent performance of the UK higher education sector, particularly with regard to attracting international students, it is essential to ensure that the high quality of UK qualifications is maintained, and that the nature of those qualifications is clear and transparent to students from a broad range of backgrounds and educational needs. 7. The supervisor should continue to monitor the candidate’s progress to resolve any ongoing difficulties. 8. You can rewrite the text using a keyboard. If you are not good at it, you can use a scanner to scan the necessary documents. 9. To save time and effort in shopping, you just do your shopping and payments online. 10. To support researchers the university library provides a range of services and resources. 11. On completion of the examination two copies of the thesis in permanent hard cover binding, incorporating any necessary amendments or revisions, must be submitted to the Chair of Examiners to be approved. 12. If a PhD student does not intend to be a researcher, the PhD thesis work is not worth the effort in general. 13. Computers have become so popular that not knowing how to use them means to be illiterate. 14. Experience from a PhD thesis research is unique. You have learned how to do research. Future research is going to be more interesting because you will know how to do it, so you will have more freedom and fun. 15. Computers store enormous amount of data which helps students to gain the information required. 16. You need to do comparison with other results. 17. This is the problem to be solved. 18. There are some useful things to know when preparing a thesis proposal. 19. There is some minor work to be done for the thesis. 20. The candidate has the ability to write and argue with clarity. 21. If there are photographs or charts to be included in the thesis, the facilities are available for colour laser printing and photocopying in the Graduate Student Association. 22. The most difficult part of a thesis is to come up with some new ideas. 23. The problem was to get there in time. 24. One of the tasks of a PhD thesis research is to ensure that the postgraduate student can later take on independent, long-term research commitments. 25. The grand challenge for a thesis proposal is to come up with an approach or an experiment.
18. Replace the group of words in bold type by an infinitive. Translate the sentences.
Example
He was the first man who came to the party. — He was the first to come to the party. — Он первым пришел на вечеринку.
1. Joseph L. Lambot was the first man who developed reinforced concrete in France in 1849. 2. Everybody was late except me. I was the only one who arrived on time. 3. Fiona was the only student who passed the exam. 4. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the Moon. 5. He was the first man who swam the English Channel.