In this lesson
· you will listen, read and talk about your strange coincidences.
· you will learn to talk about past events.
· you will learn about the difference in using past tenses.
Ключевые слова: yesterday, since, ago, while, when, for, last, at … o’clock, by, before, after, already, just, till/until, when, by, by the time, never, for, since, how long.
Основное содержание урока
Когда речь идёт о прошлом, употребляются разные времена в зависимости от того, в какой момент времени они происходили. Определить этот момент можно по обстоятельствам времени или по контексту.
Past Simple употребляется, когда действия произошли в прошлом и с настоящим моментом не связаны.
Some dinosaurs ate plants.
Past Simple правильных глаголов образуется путём прибавления окончания -ed к основе. Неправильные глаголы изменяются индивидуально.
look + -ed = looked
find – found
Указатели времени, употребляемые в Past Simple, – это yesterday, last week, a year ago, long ago, in 1988 и так далее.
· yesterday
· last (week, month, year, etc.)
· ago (a week ago, a month ago, etc.)
· long ago
· in 1988
Past Continuous употребляется для описания действий в прошлом, происходивших в процессе, обычно в определённое время.
The man was cleaning some fish.
– Человек чистил рыбу. (что делал? – чистил, находился в процессе чистки)
Сказуемое состоит из двух частей: вспомогательного глагола to be в формах was для единственного числа, were для множественного числа и смыслового глагола в форме -ing.
was + Ving
were + Ving
Указатели времени, употребляемые в Past Continuous – это while, when, as, all (day, morning и так далее).
· while
· when
· as
· all (day, morning, etc.)
Past Perfect употребляется, когда речь идёт о действии в прошлом, которое произошло раньше другого действия в прошлом.
The man found a tie which his friend had lost a few weeks before. – Человек нашёл галстук, который его друг потерял несколькими неделями раньше. (Сначала друг потерял галстук – действие № 1, затем этот человек его нашёл – действие № 2.)
Сказуемое состоит из двух частей: вспомогательного глагола had и третьей формы смыслового глагола.
had + V3
Указатели времени, употребляемые в Past Perfect, – это before, after, already, just, till/until, when, by, by the time, never, for, since.
· before
· after
· already
· just
· till/until
· when
· by
· by the time
· never
· for
· since
Past Perfect Continuous подчёркивает длительность действия, которое началось и закончилось в прошлом перед другим действием в прошлом.
His friend had been staying at the hotel a few weeks before he found his tie. – Его друг проживал в этом отеле несколькими неделями раньше до того, как он нашёл его галстук. (Сначала друг жил в отеле – длительное действие № 1, а через некоторое время был найден галстук – действие № 2, который он там оставил.)
Сказуемое состоит из трёх частей: вспомогательный глагол had + been + смысловой глагол в форме -ing.
had + been + Ving
Указатели времени, употребляемые в Past Perfect Continuous– это before, till/until, for, since, how long.
· before
· till/until
· for
· since
· how long
Used to/Would (always, often и так далее) + начальная форма глагола без to используется, когда речь идёт о повторяющихся действиях в прошлом, которые сейчас не происходят.
Например: She would/used to play tennis three times a week when she was a teenager.
Главное – это то, что действие повторялось, и употребление данной конструкции подчёркивает этот факт. Если действие было единичным, то употребляется Past Simple.
Например: Once I lost Mum’s purse when I was a little boy.
Тренировочные упражнения
| 1. | Match the forms with the tenses. went, had gone, was going, had been going, were cooking, had cooked, had been cooking, cooked. Past Simple: Past Continuous: Past Prefect: Past Perfect Continuous: |
| 2. | Complete the text with the words. • yesterday • for • ago • while • before • last 1) I had bought a present ______________I went to my friend’s party. 2) The children were playing _____________their parents were watching TV. 3) They got married 5 years_________________. 4) We wrote a test______________. 5) We had been playing tennis ___________ 4 years until Tom broke his arm ________ week. |
| 3. | Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets in the correct form. 1) Tom was angry because he _____________ (miss) the last train home. 2) Katie ________________ (work) in her new job for a month when she got a promotion. 3) When I came home, my parents ______________ (have) dinner. 4) I ______________ (watch) this film yesterday. 5) I ________________ (just decide) to walk home when the bus came along. |
| 4. | Choose the correct verb. 1) When I got/had got to the party, it already started/had already started. 2) After Juliet arrived/had arrived to the hotel, she had/had had a bath. 3) By the time we came/had come to the shop, it already closed/had already closed. 4) The boys were playing/played football while the girls were playing/played volleyball. 5) I was coming/came into the room and was turning on/turned on the light. |
| 5. | Match the words with their meanings. 1. вчера 2. с (тех пор как) 3. в течение 4. в то время как 5. как долго 6. до (того как) a. how long b. while c. till/until d. since e. for f. yesterday |
| 6. | Complete the verb forms. 1) Harry had beendig/digging in the garden for an hour. 2) They had just made/making the dinner. 3) Alice was done/doing her homework at 7 o’clock yesterday. 4) Sarah had been waited/waiting at the bus stop before the bus arrived. 5) When Mum came, we were baking/baked her favourite pie. |
| 7. | Complete the sentences with used to or Past Simple. • fail • make • like • go • make 1) When I was a child, we often _____________ camping in summer. 2) When I was in the 8th grade, I _____________my Maths test. 3) I ______________sweets but I hate them now. 4) When I was younger, I _______________fun of my neighbours. 5) Once I ____________fun of my friend but felt terribly sorry then. |
| 8. | Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct form. 1) Kate was tired because she _____________________ (write) a test for a long time. 2) John ___________________ (wash) his car when the rain _____________ (start). 3) I ______________ (sleep) before my maths exam last week because I ___________ (revise). 4) Wendy _____________ (cook) since morning before her guests ___________(arrive). |
Контрольные задания
| Вариант 1 | |
| Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct form. 1) When I _____________ (send) all my e-mails, I _________ (be) free. 2) He ____________ (drive) for an hour when his car ____________ (break) down. 3) I ________________ (dream) about my holidays when my mum ___________ (wake) me up. | |
| Choose the correct verb. 1) When they left/had left the restaurant, it began/had begun raining and the streets were very wet. 2) After Sam arrived/had arrived, we had/had had dinner. 3) By the time we came/had come to the hotel, we were/had been very exhausted. | |
| Express the same in Russian. 1. before 2. an hour ago 3. how long 4. while 5. for five years | |
| Вариант 2 | |
| Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct form. 1) Our team ________________ (already finish) the race, and we ____________ (discuss) the results with our coach at the moment. 2) I ___________ (spot) this mistake until after I___________ (pay) for the tickets. 3) When the nurse ___________ (appear), the baby _____________ (cry) for half an hour. | |
| Choose the correct verb. 1) When they got/had got married, they knew/had known each other for 5 years. 2) Alice was/had been happy because Mark phoned/had phoned her. 3) Nobody came/had come to the party because Jerry forgot/had forgotten to send the invitation cards. | |
| Express the same in Russian. 1. yesterday 2. after 3. last month 4. since last Monday 5. two years ago |