Дата: 27.05.2020
| 27.05.2020 |
Группа № 91 профессия машинист - крана (крановщик) 1 курс
Тема: Вежливое обращение в разных ситуациях
Форма работы: индивидуальная, электронное обучение.
Тип урока: урок изучения нового материала
Цель урока: познакомиться с формами обращений людей разных наций
Используемая литература:
https://pikabu.ru/story/raznyie_narodyi__raznoe_povedenie_630417
Интернет- ресурсы:
1. Особенности речевого этикета в разных странах.https://etikket.ru/rechevoj-etiket/osobennosti-rechevogo-etiketa-v-raznykh-stranakh.html
Ход урока
Организационный момент.
Мотивационный модуль. Формулируется тема урока
Ребята, на этом уроке вы
Познакомитесь с формами обращения людей
Основная часть
Объясняющий модуль.
План изучения:
1. Изучить формы обращений людей в мире.
2.Обобщение изученного по теме
Изучить формы обращений людей в мире.
In the same situations, people from different countries, different nationalities behave differently. Very often, cultural differences cause not just misunderstanding, but a sharply negative attitude (and, as a rule, mutual).
Russians as a whole have a lesser sense of personal property and, accordingly, encroach on other people's property much more readily than Western nations. Hence the behavior that Western peoples seem too familiar. Russians can touch someone else's clothes, ask where they got such a thing, how much they paid for it. For the British (but not for the Americans!), This is a complete taboo, removed only for close friends.
Americans are also prone to familiarity. Once you find yourself on an airplane in an adjacent place with an American, he will immediately begin to contact you clerk, inquire: "Well, how do you like the United States? », and goodbye also cover. This does not mean that tomorrow he will be able to remember what your name is. This is a nation for which the most stable form of human relationships is a superficial acquaintance.
The Israelis also do not know what it means to be shy. An Israeli can start a conversation on a bus with a complete stranger and ask questions like: "Where do you work? And how much do you earn? Really? So why haven’t you left this sweatshirt so far?"
In conversation, the Russians cast a short glance at the interlocutor and immediately look away; by English-speaking peoples, this is regarded as a running look, because they themselves look at the interlocutor longer. Arabs look even longer. The Israelis tend to stare for a long time at point blank range at any person who has aroused their curiosity; it is not considered bad form, moreover, if you do not look at what all your friends are looking at, it will be regarded as flopping. Meanwhile, the Russians have a long look considered immodest. The averted glance of the Russian is a sign of respect. English-speaking peoples, on the contrary, value much more the direct and long-term look that they associate with self-confidence, self-esteem and directness. Russians prefer to observe the rules of discipline, restraint, modesty. The Japanese generally avoid looking into the eyes - under any circumstances.
In Japan, the ability to be "yasashiya", that is, gentle, attentive, soft, compliant and caring, is very important. Sometimes this can lead to confusion. For example, a person travels in an elevator with other passengers. A truly soft and gentle personality should let everyone else go forward; but it’s not good to ask others to come out first, because it is unceremonious.
The Japanese are always polite, even when they do not mean to be polite at all. Japanese culture is considered non-verbal, but when it comes to automatic politeness, much needs to be voiced. For example, when you sit down to eat, you can’t immediately start eating, you must first announce aloud that you intend to take advantage of the hospitality provided to you ("itadakimasu"). It should be pronounced in any situation. Even if you and a friend came to the restaurant together, the chef obviously will not hear you, and everyone pays for himself. In the same way, one cannot just get up and silently leave the table. You have to say: “How delicious it was!” ("Gochisosama!") - even if it is not at all. If you entered the office, you must apologize for the intrusion (Ojama-shimasu), even if you came there at the request of the owners. The word "sumimasen" - the Japanese version of "sorry" (in fact, it literally translates as "I have no forgiveness") is used at every step. Sometimes it replaces a simple greeting. A visitor, going into an empty bakery, shouts: “Sumimasen!”, As if apologizing for an outrageous acts that has no excuse. In fact, he wants to say: “Hey, is there anyone here?!” - And in the subtext he considers outrageous the behavior of a seller who is not in place.
Recently, the word "sumimasen" began to be used even instead of "thank you," because since people worried about you, you are very sorry about this and very grateful. The Japanese hear this word hundreds of times a day, its true meaning has practically been erased, so when it comes to inconvenience requiring real, not on-duty apologies, they use a completely different expression, meaning: "I just can’t find the words to express my regret".
However, the British people have quite a few words in their speech expressing a request, gratitude and, most importantly, an apology: this is the basis of the English's communication with each other. “Sorry,” “I'm sorry, but I have to say...”, “I'm afraid that...” - all these expressions have nothing to do with the intention to apologize, express regret, and even more so to demonstrate fears; these are just forms of social “lubrication,” thanks to which the feelings of others are spared. If you step on an Englishman’s foot, he will say: “I’m terribly sorry”, while he will be “terribly grateful” when you finally stop stamping on his leg, and if you don’t stop, he politely asks you to leave her, accompanying this request a huge amount of "please" and "thank you." If you don’t say the right amount of thanks or regrets, the British will immediately put you on the list of “unpleasant” people, that is, not enough kind and polite, and getting out of this list will not be easy.
The French, especially Parisians, can be phenomenally rude, and not accidentally, like representatives of other nationalities, but quite consciously. The French are happy to be rude to people completely unfamiliar to them. Also often there is an exchange of insults among friends, but without much damage to their relationship. In England, if you insult someone, then this is an insult to your whole life, and the French can inflict monstrous insults on each other and behave as if nothing had happened the next day. At the same time, the French strictly observe the necessary rules of etiquette and make sure that certain things are by no means done in public. It is not accepted here that men comb their hair on the street, and women correct their makeup. Even on the hottest day, the Frenchman, walking down the street, will not take off his jacket. The one exception is the sacred bladder emptying process for French men. The French allow themselves to urinate anywhere, not embarrassed by others.
The Israelis are trying to teach children good manners, but... The point is in character. Israelis lose patience very quickly. In addition, in the daily battle to survive, manners are usually discarded.
The differences in the wording of the words of courtesy are very large. Where the Japanese will say something like “Could you make the window open?”, And the Englishman: “Could you open the window?” The Russian will say: “Open the window, please.” The manners of the Germans leave much to be desired: do not expect an apology if you are pushed on the sidewalk, most likely you can count on a destructive look for your selfishness and recklessness in choosing a route. But even if they push you off, step on your foot, endow you with a hating gaze and call you a demented dead dachshund, the form of treatment will always be polite - to “You”, it would be unforgivable rude for a German to turn differently.
If the Germans do not like something, they will make it clear to you in the most explicit way. While such cases in the British end with a light verbal dive, the Germans expect from you a clear and precise explanation of your intentions using words in their literal sense. The Germans say what they think: "You do not know what time it is?" “I know.”
The Japanese are taught throughout their conscious lives to understand each other without words. This means that it is not necessary to have or express an opinion. For a Japanese woman, it’s much worse to be considered masterful or self-confident than ugly, in Japanese there is not even an equivalent of this word. It is equally bad to call a man "decisive."
Preferences are rarely expressed in words, so everyone in Japan has to be a little telepathic. This circumstance can lead to confusion. For example, it might seem to someone that you want to leave, while in reality you would prefer to stay, etc.
The quintessential tacit understanding is the word "erosiku". It means: "You understood what I want to do. I realized that you understood what I want to do. And therefore, I fully rely on you and hope that you yourself will bring this matter to the end exactly the way I would like it to be. "And I thank you for understanding me and agreeing to take the trouble to fulfill my desire."
The British are practically incapable of a frank conversation, so they invented an incredible amount of well-known metaphors, euphemisms that help to avoid disputes on various "slippery" issues, as well as platitudes, designed to support the conversation or to cover up their own unwillingness to say something specific on that or other matter. The English call these hackneyed phrases pejoratively the French word "cliché". Many clichés are so familiar to the British that they don’t even pronounce them whole. Meteorological clichés are especially well known, which generally never finish to the end: "evil winds..." ("... which will not bring us anything good"), "it does not rain..." ("... but the real downpour ")," every cloud in the sky... "("... just like silver "). The intonation with which this or that phrase is pronounced means a lot: one of the most important elements of the English conversation is irony, and words can acquire a meaning opposite to their original meaning.
2.Обобщение изученного по теме
Выполнение упражнений.
Тест по теме «Правила этикета»
1. How is it indecent in secular society to respond to a compliment made to you?
1. thanks
2. thanks, but you flatter me
3. thanks for the compliment
4. thank you
2. When talking on the phone, you also need to be polite. How should you not start a conversation?
1. Hello!
2. Listen to you
3. Who is it?
4. Yes!
3. The principle of politeness is based on several rules. What rule is definitely not in this principe?
1. relevance rule
2. the rule of modesty
3. the rule of generosity
4. consent rule
4. Sometimes etiquette must be observed in a fairly strict, formal setting. Which phrase is best for saying goodbye in a strict formal setting?
1. Let me say goodbye
2. All is well!
3. Happily!
4. See you soon!
5. Sometimes there is disagreement in the conversation. Which phrase is best for politely expressing disagreement in an official setting, if your interlocutor is your boss.
1. This is absurd!
2. You are wrong!
3. I do not agree with you
4. I think you are not quite right.
6. Imagine that you work for Metro. What is the most polite answer to a phone call?
1. Hello
2. Company "Metro", hello
3. Speak
4. Listening to you
7. Which treatment is the most polite and universal in terms of ethics of the Russian language?
1. Hey, are you coming out?
2. Do you go out or what?
3. Sorry, are you coming out?
4. Skip, I'm going out!
Шкала ответов тренировочного модуля
3.ДОМАШНЕЕ ЗАДАНИЕ:
1. Изучить лекционный материал.
2. Ответить письменно на вопросы.