Лексические стилистические приёмы




Семинар 1

Изобразительные и выразительные средства языка

Exercise 1. Analyze the means of rendering the stylistic effect produced by figures of speech in the following examples. Was the task fulfilled successfully?

 

Hyperbole:

1. I went out and caught the boy and shook him until his freckles rattled. - Я вышел из пещеры, поймал мальчишку и начал так его трясти, что веснушки застучали друг о друга.

2. «Enough», says Bill. «In ten minutes I shall cross the Central, Southern, and Middle Western States, and be legging it trippingly for the Canadian border». - Этого довольно, — говорит Билл. — В десять минут я пересеку Центральные, Южные и Среднезападные штаты и свободно успею добежать до канадской границы.

 

Understatement:

1.I think you are a little high in your demands, and I hereby make you a counter-proposition, which I am inclined to believe you will accept. — Думаю, что вы запрашиваете лишнее, а потому делаю вам со своей стороны контр­ предложение и полагаю, что вы его примите.

 

Metonymy:

1. The deadly.45 of the false friend cracked and filled the gorge with a roar that the walls hurled back with indignant echoes. - Раздался выстрел веролом­ного друга, и негодующим эхом ответили ему каменные стены ущелья.

 

Personification:

1. A dead leaf fell in Soapy’s lap. That was Jack Frost’s card. Jack is kind to the regular denizens of Madison Square, and gives fair warning of his annual call. - Желтый лист упал на колени Сопи. То была визитная кар­точка Деда Мороза; этот старик добр к постоянным обитателям Мэдисон-сквера и честно предупреждает их о своем близком приходе.

 

Metaphor:

1. «I ain’t attempting», says he, «to decry the celebrated moral aspect of parental affection, but we’re dealing with humans, and it ain’t human for anybody to give up two thousand dollars for that forty-pound chunk of freckled wildcat». — Я вовсе не пытаюсь унизить прославленную, с моральной точки зрения, родительскую любовь, но ведь мы имеем дело с людьми, а какой же человек нашел бы в себе силы заплатить две тысячи долларов за эту вес­нушчатую дикую кошку!

2. «Tell you the truth, Bill», says I, «this little he ewe lamb has somewhat got on my nerves too. We’ll take him home, pay the ransom, and make our getaway». - Сказать тебе по правде, Билл, — говорю я, — это сокровище что-то и мне действует на нервы! Мы отвезем его домой, заплатим выкуп и смоемся куда-нибудь подальше.

3. Shark Dodson and Bob Tidball, scorning to put such low-grade ore as the passengers through the mill, struck out for the rich pocket of the express-car. - Акула Додсон и Боб Тидбол не стали пропускать сквозь грохот такую бедную золотом породу, как пассажиры, а направились прямиком к богатым россыпям почтового вагона.

 

Epithet:

1. «1 never lost my nerve yet till we kidnapped that twolegged skyrocket of a kid.» - Я никогда ничего не боялся, пока мы не украли эту двуногую ракету.

 

Simile:

1. That boy put up a fight like a welter-weight cinnamon bear; but, at last, we got him down in the bottom of the buggy and drove away. - Мальчишка этот дрался, как бурый медведь среднего веса, но в конце концов мы его запихали на дно шарабана и поехали.

2. There was a town down there, as flat as a flannelcake, and called Summit, of course. - Есть там один городишко, плоский, как блин, и, конечно, называется Вершины.

 

3. Bill gets down on his all fours, and a look comes in his eye like a rabbit’s when you catch it in a trap. - Билл становится на четве­реньки, и в глазах у него появляется такое выражение, как у кролика, попавшего в западню.

 

4. When the kid found out we were going to leave him at home he started up a howl like a calliope and fastened himself as tight as a leech to Bill’s leg. His father peeled him away gradually, like a porous plaster. - Как только мальчишка обнаружил, что мы собираемся его оставить дома, он поднял вой не хуже пароходной сирены и вцепился в ногу Билла, словно пиявка. Отец отдирал его от ноги, как липкий пластырь

 

Лексические стилистические приёмы

Exercise 2. Identify a stylistic device:

 

1) If you are lucky enough to have lived in Paris as a young man, then wherever you go for the rest of your life, it stays with you, for Paris is a moveable feast. (E. Hemingway, A Moveable Feast)

 

2) Part of you died each year when the leaves fell from the trees and their branches were bare against the wind and the cold, wintry light. But you knew there would always be spring, as you knew the river would flow again after it was frozen (E. Hemingway, A Moveable Feast)

 

3) Love is no hot-house flower, but a wild plant, born of a wet night, born of an hour of sunshine; sprung from wild seed, blown along the road by a wild wind. (J. Galsworthy, The Silver Spoon)

 

4) She was the fine peaches of summer in the snow of winter, and she was cool milk for cereal on a hot early-June morning. (R. Bradbury, A Story of Love)

 

5) He has made his way through the perfume and conversation (I.Shaw, Lucy Crown)

 

6) The court appointed Atticus to defend him. (H. Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird)

 

7) He wore driving gloves, a driving hat, driving glasses and a driving expression, and he fed the wheel through his hands in the way everyone does until four seconds after they’ve passed their test. (H. Laurie, The Gun Seller)

 

8) “That’s the reason they’re called lessons”, the Gryphon remarked: “because they lessen from day to day” (L. Carroll, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland)

 

9) Immanuel doesn’t pun, he Kant. (O. Wilde)

 

10) His teeth were blinding white. (F. Forsyth, The Day of the Jackal)

 

11) You snore louder than a freight train. (F. Forsyth, The Day of the Jackal)

 

12) Cecily, ever since I first looked upon your wonderful and incomparable beauty, I have dared to love you wildly, passionately, devotedly, hopelessly. (O. Wilde, The Importance of Being Earnest)

 

13) Loud “I-am-on-train” conversations may become inacceptable like queue-jumping. (Kate Fox, Watching the English)

 

14) In this case they are only able to give oh-do-get-on-this cough. (Kate Fox, Watching the English)

15) My stomach seemed to have contracted to the size and density of a cricket ball. (H. Laurie, The Gun Seller)

 

16) My heart was like a feather floating in the air. (D. du Maurier, Rebecca)

 

17) When the cold rains kept on and killed the spring, it was as though a young person had died for no reason. (E. Hemingway, A Moveable Feast)

 

18) Are you the officer in charge of the Carla-whatever-her-name-is case? (J. Archer, The Perfect Murder)

 

19) Ed was as pink and puffy as the pumpkin he led her round the back of the kitchens to see. (L. Ellmann, Man or Mango?)

 

20) I am coming apart here! Ireland had made a meal of me. It’s eating me ALIVE. Hungry kind of place. (L. Ellmann, Man or Mango?)

 

21) The wind clasps me, then pushes me away, tired after a night spent sweeping and dusting the wilderness of Connemara. (L. Ellmann, Man or Mango?)

 

22) Sun and shade caress the hillside, criss-crossing patterns intertwine on the water of the lake. (L. Ellmann, Man or mango?)

 

23) Next door, May’s kettle on the boil released a sudden, high-pitched scream. (C. Brown, Rose’s Garden)

 



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