Exercise 4.Name the stylistic device in each of the following passages, and define its function.

1. But as a result, she was limping round the house in loose-fitting pink bedsocks when the carpenter arrived. Also, she had not had time to reapply any lipstick (she had reached The Age When Lipstick Must Be Applied). (L. Ellmann, Man or Mango?)

2. WOMAN (nervously): Oh, hello. I heard you come in. And I … I just wondered if you might like to have that cup of tea we keep talking about… Or are you too busy? (L. Ellmann, Man or Mango?)

3. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way. (C. Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities)

4. A very great book may have a very bad influence indeed; and a mediocre book may be in the event most salutary. (T.S. Eliot, ‘Ulysses’, Order, and Myth)

5. And probably more people have thought Hamlet a work of art because they found it interesting, than have found it interesting because it is a work of art. It is the ‘Mona Lisa’ of literature. (T.S. Eliot, Hamlet).

6. I drove directly home that evening, aware that I would never again be able to travel down the road Carla had lived in. I listened to the end of the PM programme on my car radio and as soon as I reached home switched on the six o’clock news. I turned to Channel Four at seven and back to the BBC at nine. I returned to ITV at ten and even ended up watching Newsnight. (J. Archer, The Perfect Murder)

7. A world in which life begins and ends in a hospital full of strangers. Born alone, live alone, die alone. (L. Ellmann, Man or Mango?)

8. I was shipped off to stay with Grandma until things improved. She criticized my hair, the way I dressed, the way I ate (too much cheese), my bralessness, my poor posture, my ignorance of make-up, my interest in Guinness, my exam results, my day-long wanderings (which she dubbed my ‘escapades’), my silence, my shyness and my vague desire to see Galway. But most of all, she criticized my mother—for being ill. (L.Ellmann, Man or Mango?)

9. But it turns out I need a swimsuit, shorts, shampoo, and an appointment. (L. Ellmann, Man or Mango?)

10. I duly stick my head and arms into the suit and now can hardly breathe: the suit is cutting off my circulation and strangling me! (L.Ellmann, Man or Mango?)

11. It will all be all be all be all right if she just takes it one step at a time. (L. Ellmann, Man or Mango?)

12. If only life could stop right now, so we never have to leave this room, never have to think again about the future or the past. (L. Ellmann, Man or Mango?)

13. She didn’t say anything, but he knew she was there, standing thin as a reed behind a tree, or crouched inside the hollow heart of the boxwoods, or leaning up close against the downspout by the side of the house. Listening. (C. Brown, Rose’s Garden)

14. Nolan’s so serious. Almost dramatically serious. And this morning he was deadly serious. (C. Brown, Rose’s Garden).

15. No, no, not lost; he tried to correct himself. Not lost. Just—out of reach. (C. Brown, Rose’s Garden)

16. He likes chocolate. He likes meat. He likes sage dressing and cornmeal and buttermilk. He likes an orange peeled all in one piece, a helix. (C. Brown, Rose’s Garden)

Exercise 5. a) Rend the text below and specify the stylistic devices (lexical, syntactic, etc) used in it; b) what functions do they perform? c) Translate the text trying to preserve the stylistic coloring and principal features of the individual author’s style: