Задания
1. Переведите письменно текст со словарем (Приложение 1).
2. Напишите аннотацию к тексту по образцу (Приложение 2).
3. Выполните письменно тест (Приложение 3).
Приложение 1
The Court system of the USA
State courts
The court system of the USA consists of the federal judiciary and 50 state judiciaries.
State courts are organized in a system that looks like the system of federal courts. All the states have their own courts, including the supreme court, superior courts and local ones.
In all the states, legal proceedings begin in trial courts where lawsuits and criminal cases are filed and evidence is presented. Trials in these courts are often held only after extensive pre-trial procedures that in more than 90% of cases lead to a default judgmentin a civil case or to a plea bargaining decision in a criminal case.
Many courts of inferior jurisdiction are presided over by a magistrate or justice of the peace who hears criminal arraignments and tries petty offenses and small civil cases.
Larger cities often have city courts (also known as municipal courts) which hear traffic offenses and violations of city ordinances.
There are also original courts of limited jurisdiction, which include alderman's courts, police courts, mayor's courts, recorder's courts, county courts, probate courts, municipal courts, juvenile courts, courts of common pleas, family courts, small claims courts, tax courts, water courts (present in some western states such as Colorado and Montana), and workers' compensation courts.
The courts of superior jurisdiction are those which hear civil cases involving large sums of money or criminal trials arising from serious crimes like rape and murder. Typically, felonies are handled in general jurisdiction courts, while misdemeanors, or lesser offenses, are handled in inferior jurisdiction courts.
Many states follow the federal government practice of having one or more separate systems of administrative law judges in the executive branch in addition to judicial branch judges, for example, to handle driver's license revocations, unemployment insurance claims, or land use disputes.
If one of the litigants is unsatisfied with the decision of the lower court, he or she may appeal to a higher court.
Usually, an intermediate appellate court, if there is one in that state, often called the state court of appeals, will review the decision of the trial court.
If still unsatisfied, the litigant can appeal to the highest appellate court in the state, which is usually called the state supreme court and located in or near the state capital.
Unlike federal courts, some judges of the state courts are elected while the others are appointed. The methods of appointment for appointed judges vary widely in different states.
Приложение 2
Annotation
1. This is a fragment/extract/passage from the work of fiction/(short) novel/story by...
This is a fragment/extract/passage from the popular science article.
This is a fragment/extract/passage from the legal paper.
This is a fragment/extract/passage from the newspaper article.
2. It deals with …
It describes …
It refers to …
It concerns …
It is about …
It reads that …
It reads as follows: …
3. The main idea of each paragraph.
The summary of each paragraph (for an abstract).
4. The main idea of the passage is that …
Приложение 3
The state courts of the USA
1. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) The state courts are organized in a system that looks like the system of federal courts.
b) The state courts are organized in a system that doesn’t look like the system of federal courts.
c) The state courts are organized in a system that doesn’t looks like the system of federal courts.
d) The state courts are organized in a system that look like the system of federal courts.
2. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) All the states have their own courts, including the Supreme Court, superior courts and appellate courts.
b) All the states have its own courts, including the Supreme Court, appellate courts and local courts.
c) All the states has its own courts, including the Supreme Court, superior courts and local courts.
d) All the states have their own courts, including the Supreme Court, superior courts and local courts.
3. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) In all the states, legal proceedings begins in trial courts where lawsuits and criminal cases are filed and evidence is presented.
b) In all the states, legal proceedings begin in district courts where lawsuits and criminal cases are filed and evidence are presented.
c) In all the states, legal proceedings begin in district courts where lawsuits and criminal cases are filing and evidence are presented.
d) In all the states, legal proceedings begin in trial courts where lawsuits and criminal cases are filed and evidence is presented.
4. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) Trials in original courts are often hold only after extensive pre-trial procedures.
b) Trials in original courts are often held only after extensive pre-trial procedures.
c) Trials in appellate courts are often held only after expensive pre-trial procedures.
d) Trials in superior courts are often hold only after expensive pre-trial procedures.
5. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) In more than 90% of cases, pre-trial procedures leads to a default judgment in a civil case or to a plea-bargaining decision in a criminal case.
b) In more than 90% of cases, pre-trial procedures lead to a default judgment in a civil case or to a plea-bargaining decision in a criminal case.
c) In more than 90% of cases, pre-trial procedures lead to a default judgment in a criminal case or to a plea-bargaining decision in a civil case.
d) In more than 90% of cases, pre-trial procedures leads to a default judgment in a criminal case or to a plea-bargaining decision in a civil case.
6. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) Many courts of inferior jurisdiction are presided over by a magistrate or justice of the peace.
b) Many courts of superior jurisdiction are presided over by a magistrate or justice of the peace.
c) Many courts of superior jurisdiction are presided over by a magistrates or justices of the peace.
d) Many courts of inferior jurisdiction are presided over by a magistrates or justices of the peace.
7. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) Magistrates or justices of the peace hears criminal arraignments and tries petty offenses and small civil cases.
b) Magistrates or justices of the peace hear criminal arraignments and try petty offenses and small civil cases.
c) Magistrates or justices of the peace hears criminal arraignments and tries serious offenses and small civil cases.
d) Magistrates or justices of the peace hear criminal arraignments and try serious offenses and petty civil cases.
8. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) Larger cities often have city courts, which hear traffic offenses and violations of city ordinances.
b) Larger cities often have municipal courts, which hears traffic offenses and violations of city ordinary.
c) Larger cities often have city courts, (also known as municipal courts) which hear traffic offenses and violations of city ordinary.
d) Larger cities often have city courts, (also known as municipal courts) which hears traffic offenses and violations of city ordinances.
9. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) Other courts of limited jurisdiction include alderman's courts, police court, mayor's courts, appellate courts, county courts, probate courts, municipal courts, juvenile courts, family courts, small claims courts, tax courts, and some others.
b) Other courts of limited jurisdiction include police court, mayor's courts, recorder's courts, county courts, probate courts, superior courts, juvenile courts, family courts, small claims courts, tax courts, water courts, workers' compensation courts, and some others.
c) Other courts of limited jurisdiction include alderman's courts, police court, mayor's courts, recorder's courts, county courts, probate courts, district courts, juvenile courts, family courts, small claims courts, tax courts, water courts, workers' compensation courts, and some others.
d) Other courts of limited jurisdiction include alderman's courts, mayor's courts, county courts, probate courts, municipal courts, juvenile courts, family courts, small claims courts, tax courts, workers' compensation courts, and some others.
10. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) The courts of general jurisdiction are those which hear civil cases involving small sums of money or criminal trials arising from petty crimes like rape and murder.
b) The courts of general jurisdiction (also known as "superior jurisdiction") hear civil cases involving large sums of money or criminal trials arising from serious crimes like rape and murder.
c) The courts of general jurisdiction (also known as "superior jurisdiction") hears civil cases involving large sums of money or criminal trials arising from serious crimes like rape and murder.
d) The courts of general jurisdiction are those which hears civil cases involving small sums of money or criminal trials arising from petty crimes like rape and murder.
11. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) Typically, misdemeanors are handled in general jurisdiction courts, while felonies and other lesser offenses are handled in inferior jurisdiction courts.
b) Typically, felonies are handled in inferior jurisdiction courts, while misdemeanors and other lesser offenses are handled in superior jurisdiction courts.
c) Typically, felonies are handled in general jurisdiction courts, while misdemeanors and other lesser offenses are handled in inferior jurisdiction courts.
d) Typically, felonies are handled in original jurisdiction courts, while misdemeanors and other lesser offenses are handled in general jurisdiction courts.
12. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) Many states follow the federal government practice of having one or more separate systems of administrative law in the executive branch in addition to judicial branch judges.
b) Many states having one or more separate systems of administrative law in the executive branch in addition to judicial branch judges.
c) Many states follow the federal government practice of have one or more separate systems of administrative law in the judicial branch in addition to executive branch judges.
d) Many states have one or more separate systems of administrative law in the judicial branch in addition to executive branch judges.
13. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) Executive branch judges handles driver's license relations, unemployment insurance claims, or land disputes.
b) Executive branch judges handle driver' license revocations, unemployment insurance claims, or land disputes.
c) Administrative judges handle driver's license revocations, unemployment insurance claims, or land disputes.
d) Administrative judges handle driver' license relations, unemployment insurance claims, or land disputes.
14. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) If one of the litigants is satisfied with the decision of the lower court, he may appeal to a higher court.
b) If one of the litigants is satisfied with the decision of the higher court, he or she may appeal to a lower court.
c) If one of the litigants is unsatisfied with the decision of the lower court, he or she may appeal to a higher court.
d) If one of the litigants is unsatisfied with the decision of the lower court, he may appeal to a higher court.
15. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) Usually, an intermediate appellate court will review the decision of the trial court.
b) Usually, an intermediate appellate court, if there is one in that state, will review the decision of the superior court.
c) Usually, an intermediate appellate court, often called the state court of appeals, will review the decision of the district court.
d) Usually, an intermediate appellate court, if there is one in that state, often called the state court of appeals, review the decision of the trial court.
16. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) If still satisfied with the decision of the highest appellate court, the litigant can appeal to the intermediate appellate court in the state.
b) If still unsatisfied with the decision of the intermediate appellate court, the litigant can to appeal to the highest appellate court in the state.
c) If still satisfied with the decision of the highest appellate court, the litigant can to appeal to the intermediate appellate court in the state.
d) If still unsatisfied with the decision of the intermediate appellate court, the litigant can appeal to the highest appellate court in the state.
17. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) The highest appellate court in the state is usually called the state supreme court and is usually located in or near the state capital.
b) The higher appellate court in the state is usually calling the state supreme court and is usually located in or near the state capital.
c) The higher appellate court in the state are usually called the state supreme court and are usually located in or near the state capital.
d) The highest appellate court in the state are usually called the state supreme court and are usually located in or near the state capital.
18. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) Unlike federal courts, some judges of the state courts are elected while the others are appointed.
b) Like federal courts, some judges of the state courts are elected while the others are appointed.
c) Like federal courts, some judges of the state courts is elected while the others is appointed.
d) Unlike federal courts, some judges of the state courts is elected while the others is appointed.
19. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) The methods of appointment for appointed judges varies widely in different states.
b) The methods of appointment with appointed judges vary widely in different states.
c) The methods of appointment with appointed judges varies widely in different states.
d) The methods of appointment for appointed judges vary widely in different states.
20. Выберите правильный вариант:
a) In general, the court systems of the USA is rather complicated and similar to that of the RF.
b) In general, the court system of the USA are rather complicated and some different from that of the RF.
c) In general, the court system of the USA is rather complicated and some different from that of the RF.
d) In general, the court system of the USA are rather complicated and similar to that of the RF.