Вариант 1
1.1.Переведите текст (письменно).
Planning of train movements
Trains cannot meet and pass at any place and at any time.
The task of getting trains over a railroad requires the careful planning of train movements and constant direction from a central office. Each crew cannot take its train along as it pleases, but must work under strict rules and under the orders of directing officials.
On a single-track railroad with trains running in "both directions”, it is necessary for opposing trains to have definite meeting points.
There must also be appointed places where fast trains may go ahead of slow ones. All railroads (except the very short ones) are divided into operating, units, called “divisions".
Eachdivision is operated as a unit, just as if it were a small railroad. Some trains run only between terminals on a single division. A division is operated under the direction of a division superintendent, who is responsible for the movement of the trains. The division superintendent is planning and controlling the movement of all trains on his division
Each division superintendent of a railroad has several subordinate officers to aid him in his work. The two which help most in directing the movement of trains are the trainmaster and the chief dispatcher.
1.2. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующим предложениям:
1) Необходимо определить места, где скорые поезда смогут обгонять пригородные (обычные).
2) Каждое отделение дороги работает как единое целое, так, как если бы это была маленькая железная дорога.
3) Отделение дороги работает под управлением начальника отделения, который отвечает за движение поездов.
Заполните пропуски соответствующими модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами. Предложения переведите на русский язык.
1. He... not leave the room. All necessary we find here. (нет необходимости)
2. He... speak Spanish.
3. He... not smoke here. The children are playing nearby.
4. You... to be polite with that old gentleman.
5. You... drive for a year in Britain with an international license.
6. Excuse me.... you tell where the theatre is?
Поставьте глагол в форму пассивного залога. Предложения переведите на русский язык. Выделенное предложение поставьте в вопросительную и отрицательную форму.
- The rails (to fix) to the sleepers with various types of fittings.
- The rails (to join) together with fishplates or joint-bars last century.
- The track (to inspect) by track gang carefully next month.
- Scientific articles (to publish) in this magazine every month.
Найдите в предложениях герундий и определите время, залог и его функцию. Переведите предложения.
1. Do you object to working late?
2. Mary always dreams about going on holiday.
3. Please excuse us for waiting too long.
4. My favorite occupation is reading.
Переведите термины и определите путь их происхождения.
G-signal, conductor, step-up transformer, DVD-R, railway.
Вариант 2
Переведите текст (устно). 1.1. Переведите текст (письменно).
AUTOMATIC CAR IDENTIFICATION
The adoption of an industry-wide automatic car identification system to monitor the 1.8 million freight car fleet has been announced. The system is designed and manufactured in Bedford, Mass (=Massachusetts).
Major components in the new system are a trackside electronic "scanner" and the reflective sheeting. Strips of reflective sheeting are coded by color and designed in such a manner as to represent members to the scanner.
A light beam from the scanner "reads" numbers from bottom to top. The retro-reflective sheeting "bounces back" numbers to the scanner which feeds them into a centralized computer. The system works at train speeds of up to 80 mph and is unaffected by weather conditions. The system makes possible to locate any freight car in the country. Strips оf reflective sheeting are one of the main components in the new system. Train would provide the Car Service Division with complete reports of car locations by railroads and car flows through principal rail gateways, and would permit more rapid distribution of the equipment to meet shipper needs for freight cars.
1.2. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующим предложениям:
а) Основные компоненты в новой системе – придорожный электронный «сканер» и отражающая поверхность.
б) Система работает на поездах со скоростью до 80 миль/час и не подвержена влиянию погодных условий.
в) Полоски отражающей поверхности – одни из основных компонентов новой системы.
Заполните пропуски соответствующими модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами. Предложения переведите на русский язык.
1. Hello,... I speak to Ted, please? (telephone conversation)
2. 'Do you think I... to bring up those orphans?' - Yes, sure.'
3. … I help you, sir?' - No thank you. I'm being served.'
4. You... have a passport to visit most foreign countries.
5. My mother... cook very well.
6. She... n't go to the shop. We have salad at home.