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Практическая работа 14. Европейские женщины вчера и сегодня.
Прочитайте и переведите текст
European Women Yesterday and Today
In the 17th century rich women normally were taught at home by a tutor, they were taught subjects like Latin, French, Needlework and they were also taught how to look pretty and to play the piano and other instruments.
When they became older their parents decided who they were going to marry and the family of the woman should pay a dowry to the parents of the husband. A rich woman wouldn't normally get a job, they could just stay at home and look after the family and tell the servants what to do.
Poor women did not go to school or did not have an education; they just looked after their home, children and prepared meals or worked in fields. They didn't get paid much and had to work hard.
In the 19th century rich women were educated at home and learned pretty much the same as in the 17th century. They were learned to play the piano, speak French, entertain guests and look attractive. After 1870 it was made compulsory for all women to have an education. Girls didn't learn the same subjects as boys. Girls learnt subjects like laundry, cookery, needlework and housewifery skills.
Rich women did not work, but ran their home with the help of their servants, after 1870 some women became teachers and others could work as secretaries or clerks. So, women could work but there was a condition. At that time any woman had to retire when she got married.
Servants of rich women did all her domestic tasks at home. So all they needed to do at home was to look good and attractive and boss servants around.
Poor women had to work as well as bringing up her children, they had to work in coal mines and factories for long hours earning little money. Until 1870 young children from poor families had to work too.
In the 20th century, when the 1st World War started, women could leave their underpaid jobs and could get jobs at a factory because all men had gone off to fight for the war, so women worked in factories, making armours for the war.
When the war was over, women had to go back to their old jobs and they didn't earn as much money as they were used to earn. Later a typewriter was invented and jobs as secretaries became available for women. Some women became teachers. Women were now aloud to vote and the first female presidents came. Some women were involved in politics.
Women started to wear different clothes, they do not wear corsets any more, they wear shorter dresses, even trousers.
To my thinking, the role of women has changed quite a lot. I think all changes that happened in the 20th century were good, because women became to be treated more equally and even more due to the processes of emancipation.
Тема 7. Спорт. Здоровый образ жизни
Практическая работа 15. Роль витаминов в жизни человека
You are going to read about vitamins. Before you read, mark the statements true (T) or false (F). Then read the text and check your answers.
Отметьте верные и неверные утверждения до прочтения текста. Затем прочитайте, переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы
1. Vitamins make people healthy.
2. We get vitamins doing sports.
3. People don't need vitamin С.
4. If you want to be healthy you should eat less fruit and vegetables.
5. There are about ten vitamins extremely necessary for the people.
People need vitamins to stay healthy. "Vita" means life in Latin. People get vitamins from the food they eat. There are a lot of vitamins in fruit and vegetables. But you can hardly find any
useful vitamins in Coke, chips and other fast food. Each vitamin is responsible for different things in the human body. There are about ten major vitamins. They are usually named by a letter of the alphabet (А, В, C, D, etc.)
- Vitamin A is in green and yellow vegetables, milk and eggs. It's necessary for seeing in
the dark.
- Vitamin B, is in meat, porridge and bread. It is responsible for the nervous system. Lack of this vitamin leads to serious illnesses and even death.
- Vitamin С is in every fruit and vegetable. You can find this vitamin in black currants, strawberries, oranges and grapefruits, onions, cabbages and green peppers. Vitamin С is important for building bones and teeth. It helps to prevent colds.
- Vitamin D is in eggs. People can also get it from sunlight. It makes our bones strong.
- Vitamin E is necessary for skin and body. It's in the wheat and nuts.
- Vitamins B6 and К are necessary for human blood. You can find B6 in beans and milk;
К — in potatoes, tomatoes and carrots.
Vitamins make people healthy, optimistic and strong. Remember: I eat to live, but I don't live to eat. Choose healthy food.