Сложное дополнение.
Тема: «PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND PLANT NUTRITION».
Тематика занятия
Сложное дополнение.
I. Вопросы для обсуждения:
1) Способ образования сложного дополнения.
2) Способы перевода сложного дополнения на русский язык.
3) Употребление сложного дополнения после глаголов, выражающих желание, предположение, приказание, просьбу, разрешение.
4) Употребление сложного дополнения после глаголов, выражающих чувственное восприятие.
5) Употребление причастия в составе сложного дополнения.
II. Выполнение заданий по теме: Сложное дополнение.
Письменно переведите данные предложения, обращая внимание на сложное дополнение.
1. Biologists determined plants to require raw materials for building tissues. 2. The professor saw his students carry out new research work. 3. The scientist observed his experiment prove the existence of a green pigment in chloroplasts.
Перепишите предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение вместо придаточного предложения. Устно переведите полученные предложения на русский язык.
1. We consider that this method is an interesting finding deserving confirmation. 2. I know that my friend has good knowledge of medicine. 3. I watched that the surgeon was performing the operation on the kidney very carefully. 4. Objective physical laboratory examinations showed that they were healthy. 5. The researchers have found that smoking and alcohol are the factors causing atherosclerosis.
Употребите сложное дополнение, раскрыв скобки и произведя соответствующие изменения. Запишите полученные предложения.
The professor wanted (we perform) new experiments.
We know (she is) one of the most intelligent persons.
She saw (we were) reading the lectures.
We know (our professor delivers) lectures scientifically.
My parents made (I study) medicine.
We heard (he takes part) in the medical conference of young scientists.
They believed (the experiment is completed) by the end of the week.
The laboratory worker do not let (we come) to the laboratory without uniform.
I expect (she passes) the examination successfully.
We watched (the teacher is mixing) the compounds of different substances.
Переведите данные предложения со сложным дополнением на английский язык.
1. Я хочу, чтобы вы помогли мне провести этот сложнейший эксперимент. 2. Студенты наблюдали как профессор растворял кислород. 3. Они думали, что этот метод будет наиболее подходящим. 4. Я видел, как началась реакция разложения.
III. Лексический минимум по теме «PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND PLANT NUTRITION».
to digest - v. переваривать
source - n. источник
to manufacture - v. производить
to absorb - v. поглощать
to convert - v. преобразовывать
availability - [ə' veilə'biliti] n. наличие
rarely - adv. редко
to require - [ri'kwaiə] требовать, нуждаться
shortage - n. нехватка, недостаток
since - adv. так как
carbon dioxide - n. углекислый газ
IV. Базовый текст.
Прочитайте и переведите текст.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND PLANT NUTRITION
All living organisms need food. Animals take in "ready-made" food which they digest. They use the digested products to build new cells and tissues. Biologists determined plants to require raw materials for building tissues. They manufacture everything they need out of simple ions and compounds available in the environment. The building up of complex molecules from simpler substances (synthesis) requires energy and enzymes. The enzymes are in the plant's cells, and the energy comes from sunlight. This process is called photosynthesis.
Plants can absorb and use light energy because they have a green pigment, chlorophyll, contained in chloroplasts in some of their cells. Chlorophyll allows the energy in sunlight to drive chemical reactions. Chloroplasts act as energy transducers, converting light energy into chemical energy.
Photosynthesis is the process in which light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Some of the glucose produced is stored in the plant cells as starch.
The process of photosynthesis depends upon:
· the availability of light
· the presence of a pigment to absorb the light
· a supply of carbon dioxide and water
· a temperature suitable for enzyme activity.
If any of these factors is in short supply, the rate of photosynthesis will be less than its maximum possible rate. The factor that is furthest from its optimum level is called the limiting factor. The limiting factor varies at different times and under different conditions.
· In Britain, during summer, light and temperature may be ideal for photosynthesis but carbon dioxide concentration may be the limiting factor.
· During a British winter, plants may not photosynthesize on a bright, sunny day because temperature is the limiting factor.
The availability of water is rarely a limiting factor for photosynthesis, since there are so many other physiological processes in plants that depend on water that these processes will usually stop in a water shortage before photosynthesis does.
Plants manufacture all of their food requirements, starting from the glucose molecule. The products, that the plant makes, are available to the plant, and to any organism that eats the plant. An animal that eats plant material will use most of it to obtain energy by respiration. The carbon dioxide released as a waste product is then available for plants as a substrate for photosynthesis. An atom of carbon in carbon dioxide could be taken in by a plant, built up to a complex food molecule, and then eaten by an animal which breaks it down to carbon dioxide again. Thus atoms are recycled between simple and complex molecules, through the bodies of plants, animals and other living organisms.
2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих выражений:
Хлоропласты играют роль преобразователей энергии; наличие света; биологи определили, что растениям требуется сырье для построения тканей; нехватка воды; атом углерода в диоксиде углерода может быть использован растением для построения пищевой молекулы.
3. Вопросы для обсуждения:
1. What is photosynthesis?
2. What does the process of photosynthesis depend upon?
3. What happens if any of the necessary factors are in short supply?
4. What is the limiting factor? Give examples.
ОСНОВНАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА
1. Учебник английского языка для медицинских вузов. – 3-е изд. Испр. И доп. – М.: Лист Нью, 2002.- 336 с. / под ред. Масловой А.М
2. Ron Pickering. Complete Biology for IGCSE. Oxford University Press. 2006
3. Michael Kent. As Biology. Oxford University Press. 2007
ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА
1. Professional English in Use. Medicine, Cambridge University Press, 2009