08/06/2020
Домашняя работа: Составьте конспект на русском языке:
Теоретический материал:
As you know there are 12 tenses in the active voice in the English language. Four of these tenses are present. They are: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous.
Опорное видео: https://resh.edu.ru/subject/lesson/4602/main/22196/
We use Present Simple in different cases, such as:
- when we want to tell about something that happens regularly or every day;
- when we want to tell about the law, connected with the nature;
- when we want to talk about timetables or schedules.
Time expressions that we use in the Present Simple Tense are: always, often, sometimes, usually, seldom, never, every day.
To form an affirmative Present Simple sentence we do not need to change the verb if the pronouns are I, you, we, they. But if the pronouns are he, she or it we need to add the “s” or “es” suffix to the verb.
For example:
I go to school every day.
She always makes her bed.
To form a negative sentence in the Present Simple Tense we need to add the auxiliary verbs do or does and the negative particle “not” after the subject.
For example:
I do not (don’t) go to school every day.
She does not(doesn’t) always make her bed.
To form an interrogative sentence in the Present Simple we need to put the auxiliary verbs do or does in the first place of the sentence before the subject.
For example:
Do you go to school every day?
Does she always make her bed?
We use Present Continuous in different cases, such as:
- when we want to say about an action which is happening right now, at this moment;
- when we talk about the future plans or the future actions.
- with a certain period of time, the whole morning, from 5 till 7
We use such time expressions as: now, at the moment, look, listen, these days, soon.
To form an affirmative Present Continuous sentence we need to add the link verb to be in one of the forms “am”, “is” or “are” depending on the subject and add the suffix “ing” to the verb.
For example:
I am speaking now.
He is working at the moment.
They are listening to their teacher now.
To form a negative sentence we need to add a negative particle “not” to the forms “am”, “is” or “are” of the link verb to be.
For example:
I am not speaking now.
He is not working at the moment.
They are not listening to their teacher now.
To form an interrogative sentence we need to put the forms “am”,”is” or ”are” of the link verb to be in the first place of the sentence before the subject.
For example:
Are you speaking English now?
Is he working at the moment?
Are they listening to their teacher now?
We use Present Perfect in different cases, such as:
- when we want to tell about the action which started in the past and has already finished. The result of this action can be seen in the present;
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- when we want to tell about the action which happened in the past, but we don’t know the exact time when the action happened.
We usually use such time expressions as: just, already, ever, never, lately, recently, before, yet
To form an affirmative sentence in the Present Perfect Tense we need to add an appropriate auxiliary verb have or has after the subject and change the main verb of the sentence into its past participle form.
For example:
You have recently visited Italy.
She has never been to Spain.
To form a negative sentence we need to add a negative particle not to the auxiliary verb.
For example:
She has not(hasn’t) written the letter yet.
They have not (haven’t) visited Italy yet.
To form an interrogative sentence we need to put the auxiliary verb in the first place of the sentence before the subject.
For example:
Has she already written the letter?
Have you already finished this project?
We use Present Perfect Continuous in different cases, such as:
- when we want to emphasize that the action which started in the past is still in progress.
- we usually use since and for with this tense.
To form an affirmative sentence in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense we need to put the appropriate auxiliary verbs “have been” or “has been” after the subject and add the “ing” suffix to the main verb.
For example:
I have been dancing for 5 years.
She has been teaching for 12 years.
To form a negative sentence we need to add a negative particle “not” after the auxiliary verbs “have” or “has” but before the auxiliary verb “been”.
For example:
I have not (haven’t) been dancing for 5 years.
She has not (hasn’t) been teaching for 5 years.
To form an interrogative sentence we need to put the auxiliary verb in the first place of the sentence before the subject.
For example:
Have you been dancing for 5 years?
Has she been teaching for 5 years?
We can form adjectives from nouns and from verbs. To form them from nouns we should use suffixes; -able (value – valuable), -ese (Japan – Japanese), -ful (help – helpful), -ical (history – historical), -al (magic – magical), -ish (child – childish), -ous (danger – dangerous), -y (rain – rainy), -ed (shock – shocked). To form adjectives from verbs we should use suffixes: -ive (restrict – restrictive), -ing (amaze – amazing), -ed (confuse – confused), -less (harm – harmless).
There are some verbs that change their meaning depending on the following preposition. Such verbs are called phrasal verbs.
Today we are going to learn about the verb “look”:
look after – заботиться
look out for – быть осторожным
look down on – считать что-либо недостаточно хорошим, смотреть на к-л свысока
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look up – искать что-либо в списке
look forward to – с нетерпением ждать
Задание 2
Find the words.
| o | n | o | w | b | r | u | n |
| f | a | l | r | e | a | d | y |
| t | o | y | t | f | r | w | e |
| e | g | s | b | o | e | i | t |
| n | u | f | f | r | l | o | e |
| j | s | m | n | e | y | e | r |
| c | u | s | u | a | l | l | y |
1. Внимательно прочитайте задание. Вам необходимо найти слова.
2. Слова можно искать в разных направлениях: по вертикали, по горизонтали, по диагонали.
Задание 3