There are a lot of medical educational establishments in our country ranging from a medical college, institute or academy to medical university. They differ in the number of faculties, courses and teaching facilities but their structure, application requirements and the curriculum are much alike.
Those who want to enter a medical university should have considerable (if not outstanding) academic achievements at school. The applicants must fill in an application form and hand in the certificate of educationto be admitted to the University.
The course of studies varies from five to six years. The future dentists, pharmacists and clinical psychologistsstudy for 5 years while the future therapeutists and pediatricians study for 6 years. The courses are mainly full-time but there also part-time courses (as for pharmacists).
The most common forms of teaching process are lectures, seminars, laboratory works, case study (presentation) and practical training. The most hard-working and enthusiastic students join scientific societies.
Every term (year) is concluded by the finals (credit tests and exams). At the end of the study the students take State Examinations and get the Diploma. After that they are to choose between the following opportunities – to start their practice (being licensed by a corresponding licensing board) or to enter a post-diploma course.
Answer the following questions:
1. What medical educational establishments are there in our country?
2. What characteristics should a person have if he/ she wants to enter a medical university?
3. How long does the course of studies last for the future pharmaceutists/ dentists/ therapeutists/ pediatricians?
4. What are the most common forms of teaching process?
5. What can students after taking State Examinations and getting the Diploma do?
Medical education in Great Britain
Undergraduate medical education is provided in schools or universities. There is also strong competition for places at British medical and dental schools. The candidates are selected considering the grades in final tests at college and the confidential report about personality and academic potential of the applicant.
It is the policy of most medical schools to interview about three candidates (for one place) which are considered for admission. An interview usually lasts about 15 minutes. The selection committee seeks for the supplement information about the intellectual potential of candidates, the possible experience in medical care and the causes of their professional choice, the speech manner and patterns of self-esteem (самоуважение; чувство собственного достоинства) (particularly how the applicant estimates his abilities to become a doctor).
The whole course lasts for 6 years and is generally divided into pre-clinical and clinical years. During the two pre-clinical years students study anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology and psychology. Pre-clinical course is the study of the structure and function of the normal body. They also have patient demonstrations to illustrate the clinical relevance (значимость; важность) of the basic material.
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The clinical course is based on the work with patients in the wards and out-patient departments and also lectures, demonstrations and small-group discussions. Clinical classes in obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, emergency, psychiatry, general practice etc. are now included.
During the practical training in the wards students acquire skills necessary for their future work. Thus they will soon be able to take care of the patients, e.g. to make a diagnosis and perform various medical examinations.
Answer the following questions:
1. What educational establishments is undergraduate medical education provided in?
2. What results are the candidates selected due to?
3. How long does an interview for admission usually last?
4. What supplement information does the selection committee seek for?
5. How long does the whole medical course last?
6. What do the students study during the two pre-clinical years?
7. What work is the clinical course based on?
8. What skills do the students acquire (get) during the practical training in the wards?
Higher education in the USA
The admission process is complex and the final decision is based on many factors, both academic and non-academic. The three basic requirements for admission to educational institution in the USA are: a strong academic background, adequate financial resources and a command of the English language.
A Bachelor’s degree program lasts four years. Students are classified as freshmen (студент первого курса), sophomores (второкурсник), juniors and seniors. A freshman is a first-year student, a sophomore – a second-year student, a junior – a third-year student, and a senior – a forth-year student. A student working toward a Bachelor’s degree (BA or BS) is called an undergraduate; one working toward a Master’s (MA or MS) or Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD) is called a graduate students. Some students receive scholarships that pay all or part of their tuition. A person on such a fellowship (стипендия (на проведение научно-исследовательских работ в университете) is called a university fellow.
The first two years are mainly devoted to general education. The program includes broad survey (обзор, исследование) courses for general knowledge from which the student can go on to a specialized interest in the junior year. This interest is usually termed a “major” or a “field of concentration”. A second field of interest, in which one takes almost as many courses, is often called a “minor”.
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The American academic year usually runs from the middle of August to the beginning of May or June. Most schools divide the academic year into 3 terms or 2 semesters (Fall and Spring semesters). Achievement is measured by grades which are given on papers and tests during the course of the semester and a final examination at the end of the term. The final grade is based on all the work done for the course.
A grade point average (GPA) is determined at the end of a term to show the student’s overall achievement. College grades, determined by each instructor on the basis of class work and examinations, are usually on a four-point scale, with letters to indicate the level of achievement. “A” is the highest mark, followed by “B”, “C”, “D”, “F”, the last one denotes a failure. This system is unlike that of most European countries. Higher education institutions are governed usually by a board of regents (член правления в некоторых американских университетах) or a board of trustees (члены попечительского совета).
Answer the following questions:
1. What are the three main basic requirements for admission?
2. How long does a Bachelor’s degree program last?
3. How is a first-year students called?
4. How is a second-year students called?
5. How is a third-year students called?
6. How is a forth-year students called?
7. How is achievement of students measured?
Итоговая контрольная работа
Topics:Higher educational medical establishments in Russia
Medical education in Great Britain
Higher education in the USA
Variant 1
I. Translate the following words and word combinations:
a) from English into Russian
1. case study (presentation) and practical training
2. are mainly devoted to general education
3. lectures, demonstrations and small-group discussions
4. the final grade is based on all the work done for the course
5. to be provided in schools or universities
b) from Russian into English
1. будущие стоматологи
2. учиться 5 лет
3. зачеты и экзамены
4. анатомия, физиология, биохимия, фармакология и психология
5. проводить различные медицинские обследования (осмотры)
II. Answer the following questions:
1. What medical educational establishments are there in our country?
2. How long does the course of studies last for the future pediatricians?
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3. What are the most common forms of teaching process?
4. How is achievement of students measured?
5. What work is the clinical course based on? (Great Britain)
Итоговая контрольная работа
Topics: Higher educational medical establishments in Russia
Medical education in Great Britain
Higher education in the USA
Variant 2
I. Translate the following words and word combinations:
a) from English into Russian
1. academic achievements
2. full-time courses
3. to enter a post-diploma course
4. strong competition for places
5. the structure and function of the normal body
b) from Russian into English
1. будущие фармацевты
2. сдавать государственные экзамены
3. приемная комиссия
4. причины профессионального выбора
5. акушерство, гинекология, педиатрия, скорая (медицинская) помощь,
психиатрия, врачебная практика
II. Answer the following questions:
1. What characteristics should a person have if he/ she wants to enter a medical university?
2. How long does the course of studies last for the future therapeutists?
3. What results are the candidates selected due to?
4. How long does the whole medical course in Great Britain last?
5. How is a third-year students called?
Итоговая контрольная работа
Topics: Higher educational medical establishments in Russia
Medical education in Great Britain
Higher education in the USA
Variant 3
I. Translate the following words and word combinations:
a) from English into Russian
1. the certificate of education
2. part-time courses (as for pharmacists)
3. the grades in final tests at college
4. confidential report about personality
5. pre-clinical and clinical years
b) from Russian into English
1. лекции, семинары, лабораторные работы
2. поступить в медицинский университет
3. опыт в оказании медицинской помощи
4. работа с пациентами в палатах и амбулаторном отделении в больнице
5. будущие клинические психологи
II. Answer the following questions:
1. How long does the course of studies last for the future pharmaceutists?
2. What are the three main basic requirements for admission?
3. What do the students study during the two pre-clinical years? (in Great Britain)
4. What skills do the students acquire (get) during the practical training in the wards?
5. How is a first-year students called?
Итоговая контрольная работа
Topics: Higher educational medical establishments in Russia
Medical education in Great Britain
Higher education in the USA
Variant 4
I. Translate the following words and word combinations:
a) from English into Russian
1. to be admitted to the University
2. academic potential of the applicant
3. three basic requirements for admission
4. intellectual potential of candidates
5. acquire skills necessary for their future work
b) from Russian into English
1. получить диплом
2. курс обучения
3. способность стать врачом
4. заботиться о пациентах
5. поставить диагноз
II. Answer the following questions:
1. How long does the course of studies last for the future dentists?
2. What educational establishments is undergraduate medical education provided in?
3. What supplement information does the selection committee seek for?
4. What can students after taking State Examinations and getting the Diploma do?
5. How is a second-year students called? A sophomore is a second-year student.