1. Переведите предложения, включающие конструкции “as … as” “not so... as”
1. We know that the temperature is as great as 160-200°F.
2. Cooling by air is not so satisfactory for certain types of engines as cooling by water.
3. This liquid is not so hot as that one.
4. The heat of the sun at the poles is not so strong as near the equator.
5. The range of the air is not so great as the range of the temperature of the ground.
2. Переведите следующие предложения, включающие конструкцию типа “the shorter... the longer”
1. The longer (are) the days, the shorter (are) the nights.
2. The heavier (is) the oil, the lower (is) its viscosity
3. The more cylinders an engine has, the smoother it can be made to run.
4. The thinner the oil film, the better the cooling.
3. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод выделенных слов.
1. The sun is much larger than the earth.
2. A tractor can pull a far heavier load than that car.
3. The electron has still smaller mass than the proton
4. A meter is a little longer than a yard.
5. The actual speed of electrons is much faster than the earth’s speed around the sun.
6. This pump forces the water through the cylinder jacket far faster than the old one.
4. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на слово “most”. Запомните, что “most” переводится словами “самый, наиболее”, когда стоит перед прилагательным. А “most of” переводится словом “большинство”, когда стоит перед существительным.
1. This is the most reliable system.
2. Most of engines have the water cooling system.
3. Most engines are equipped with the conventional auto- or truck-type radiator.
4. The most principal objections to the forced-circulation cooling system are the great number of connections and the occasional leaking of the pump.
5. This is the most considerable objection to that method.
5. Переведите следующие предложения, включающие слово “one”. Заметьте, что “one” в одних случаях является словом – заместителем, а в других – числительным.
1. This tractor is better than that one.
2. Cooling system is one of the most essential systems of an engine.
3. Planets are bodies that rotate around the sun. The one we know best is the Earth.
4. Cooling systems are used for all types of engines from the simplest stationary farm engine to the most complicated multiple-cylinder high-speed ones.
5. This anti-freezing cooling mixture is much better than that one.
6. There are many anti-freeze chemicals but this one is mostly used.
6. Прочтите и переведите текст В
Water Cooling
Cooling systems using liquids, usually water, are used for all types of engines from the simplest stationary farm engine to the most complicated multiple-cylinder high-speed types.
Thermosiphon System. The thermosiphon system of liquid cooling includes in addition to the water jacket about the cylinder a separate tank or reservoir connected at the top and bottom by a pipe leading to the upper and lower parts of the cylinder, respectively. In tractors this tank or reservoir is replaced by what is known as the radiator, this is a tank made up of many fine passage о through which the water flows and cools rapidly. The more the passages, the cooler the tan.
Forced-circulation System. The forced-circulation system resembles the thermosiphon system with the exception that some sort of a pump is placed in the lower pipe leading to the cylinder. This pump, usually of the centrifuge type, forces the water through the cylinder jacket and around to the reservoir, causing a more rapid circulation than that produced by the thermosiphon system. The advantage, therefore, of this system is that, since the water is circulated more rapidly, it is cooled faster and less liquid is required to produce the same cooling effect. Another advantage of that, since the circulation is dependent upon the speed of the pump and therefore upon the speed of the engine. The principal objections to the forced-circulation cooling system are the greater number of connections and the occasional leaking of the pump.
The forced-circulation system is more simple and convenient than the thermosiphon one.
7. Ответьте на вопросы (ответы запишите на русском языке):
What does the thermosiphon system of liquid cooling include?
What is a radiator?
What is the difference between the forced-circulation system and the thermosiphon system?
What is the advantage of the forced-circulation system?
What are the principle objections to the forced-circulation-cooling system?
8. Письменно переведите выделенную часть текста.
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