I. Найдите в тексте интернациональные слова, переведите их.
II. Выберите в колонке В эквиваленты к словам колонки А.
| А
1. research
2. range
3. probability
4. condition
5. measure
6. approximate
7. decimal
8. conclusion
9. entire
10. variation
| В
a) изменение, переменный
b) приближенное значение
c) целый
d) измерение
e) ряд
f) вероятность
g) заключение
h) условие
i) десятичный
j) исследование
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III. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.
1. The lead in scientific … was taken by the various royal academies.
a) calculus b) method
c) research d) axiom
2. Euler became famous for the wide … subjects he covered.
a) range b) research
c) stage d) matter
3. He contributed new ideas to calculus geometry, algebra, number theory, calculus of variations … and topology.
a) conditions b) curvatures
c) approximates d) probability
4. Euler became famous for his great output of original mathematics and for the … of subjects he covered.
a) equation b) wide range
c) measure d) variation
Text I
Though P. Fermat and R. Descartes founded analytic geometry they did not advance the subject far enough and did not elaborate it purely analytically either. A century later L. Euler (1707-1783) a Swiss mathematician who lived the greater part of his life in Russia, engaged in scientific research, lecturing and textbook writing in St. Petersburg Academy, developed the subject matter of both Plane and Solid Analytic Geometry far beyond its elementary stages. Euler's mathematical career opened when Analytic Geometry (made public in 1637) was ninety years old, the calculus about fifty. In each of these fields a vast number of isolated problems were solved, but no systematic unification of the whole of the then mathematics, pure and applied, was made. In particular, the powerful analytic methods of Fermat, Descartes, Newton and Leibnitz were not exploited to the limit of what they were capable, especially in Calculus, Geometry and Mechanics, where Euler proved himself the master.
In the XVIII c. the Universities were not the principal centres of science in Europe. The lead in scientific research was taken by the various royal academies. In Euler's case St. Petersburg and Berlin furnished the sinews of mathematical creation. Both of these foci of creativity owed their inspiration to the restless ambition of Leibnitz. These academies were like some of these today: they were research organizations which paid their leading members to produce scientific research. Euler became famous for his great output of original mathematics and for the wide range of subjects he covered. He contributed new ideas to calculus, geometry, Algerba, Number Theory, Calculus of variations, probability and Topology. He also worked in many areas of applied mathematics, such as Acoustics, Optics, Meachanics, Astronomy, Ballistics, Navigation, Statistics and Finance. His industry was as remarkable as his genius. Euler was the most prolific mathematician in histoty; his scientific heritage is vast, a list of some 850, works of which 550 were published in the lifetime. Euler wrote his great memoirs quite easily and total blindness during the last seventeen years of his life did not regard his unparalleled productivity. He overcame the difficulty of blindness chiefly by means of his remarkable memory. Indeed, if anything, the loss of his eyesight sharpened Euler's perception of the inner world of his imagination.
IV. Выберите правильный ответ на вопрос в соответствии с содержанием текста.
1. Who founded analytic geometry?
a) Lagrange and Fermat b) P. Fermat and R. Descartes
c) Euler and Fermat d) Lagrange and Euler
2. Where did Euler live the greater part of his life?
a) in Russia b) Alexandria
c) Switzerland d) Greece
3. What did Euler become famous for ….
a) his great out put of original mathematics.
b) his great out put of analitic geometry.
c) his great out put of calculas.
d) his great out put of mechanics.
4. In what parts of mathematics did Euler especially prove himself as a master?
a) in differential equations.
b) in analytic geometry and caleulus.
c) in calculus, geometry and mechanics.
d) in arithmetics and physics.
V. Выберите заголовок для данного текста, в соответствии с его содержанием.
a. New discovery in analytic geometry
b. Euler is innovator of mathematics
c. Euler’s genius and remarkablity of his industry
d. Euler is a swiss scientist
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