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Контрольные материалы: образцы экзаменационных билетов прилагаются.
Экзаменационный билет по английскому языку
1. Read and translate the following text:
What’s a Crime?
A crime is an offence against the whole society; it is a wrongful act or omission, serious enough for the wrong-doer to be punished by the rest of the community. Criminal behaviour is seen as sufficiently serious or deviant or immoral for the majority of society to ban it. Public opinion is not set for all time and legislation reflects changing habits and norms. Moreover, new forms of potentially criminal activity arise, and the courts respond to those too.
Criminal law in the widest sense covers a multitude of activities and sins – from murder, rape, arson, theft and damage of property to the less overtly criminal matters of careless motoring, selling unfit food or serving alcohol to a teenager. The principal areas of Criminal law are offences against persons and offences against property. Of-fences against persons can be fatal and nonfatal. The former deals with homicide (killing of a human being by a human being) which falls into three categories: murder (premeditated unlawful killing of another), manslaughter, infanticide. The latter covers such crimes as assault and battery, wounding and grievous bodily harm, sexual offences (rape and others), kidnapping.
Offences against property include: theft, robbery, burglary, blackmail, arson, forgery and counterfeiting.
They distinguish a group of the so-called inchoate offences: aiding and abetting, incitement, conspiracy, and attempt.
There are offences which affect the secrets of the state or international in character: piracy and hijacking, treason, terrorism.
There are a number of offences concerned with obstructing justice: perjury, assisting offenders, concealing, refusal to assist a police officer, contempt of court.
There are also road traffic offences.
As for the classification of crime the Criminal Law Act 1967 introduced the concept of “arrestable” and “non-arrestable’’ offences, thus abolishing the old distinction between felonies (serious crimes) and misdemeanours (minor offences).
An arrestable offence is one for which no specific arrest warrant is required; a police officer can arrest without a magistrate’s warrant for a suspected crime carrying a maximum of five year imprisonment or where the penalty is fixed by law as is in the case of murder, treason and piracy with violence.
Another way of classification is by the manner of trial. Criminal offences may be divided into two main classes: indictable offences, and offences punishable on summary conviction before magistrates (summary offences). Indictable offences are tried by a jury. They therefore may be generally regarded as serious ones and summary cases as less serious or minor.
Two essential concepts in the operation of the Criminal Law are those of actus reus and mens rea.
Actus reus means the “guilty action”, mens rea – «guilty mind». In other words itmust be shown that the accused has committed an act or omission which is criminal in nature. Secondly, it must be shown that he intended to commit an offence (though it may not always be a matter of deliberate intention – inattentiveness, recklessness or some other state of mind will suffice to constitute mens rea).
Thus actus reu is, approximately, the physical element of crime, mens rea is the mental element. A conviction cannot be secured unless it is shown that both factors were present.
It is for the prosecution to prove mens rea and actus reus beyond reasonable doubt;1 the burden of proof2 lies upon the Crown.
2. Choose the correct item:
1.Threat of a prison sentence will…committing crimes.
a) deter from b) stop with c) prevent in
2. A person can’t be fined if he committed a crime like….
a) shoplifting b) drunk driving c) murder
3. The least severe punishment is ….
a) fine b) restitution c) imprisonment
4. The case was dismissed for lack of ….
a) evidence b) witnesses c) juror
5. In the case of … crimes such as murder, armed robbery we need to impose a harsh sentence.
a) petty b) inchoate c) violent
6….offenders don’t serve a prison sentence because they are under age.
a) major b) minor c) hardened
7. The police are concentrating on arresting drug … rather than casual users.
a) traffickers b) agents c) merchants
8. I’m afraid that Smith is a hardened criminal. If we don’t punish him this time he will only … more crimes.
a) make b) commit c) claim
9. Parliament has now … a law making skateboarding illegal on Sundays.
a) voted b) passed c) legislated
10. People on probation must report to the … regularly.
a) probation officer b) judge c) attorney
11. He was only one to be … a sentence of imprisonment.
a) given b) imposed c) encouraged
12. Offenders may be … to a heavy fine.
a) put b) suitable c) liable
13. The criminal was given a … sentence.
a) suspended b) community c) presumed
14. The accused was … in custody for a week.
a) ordered b) cared c) remanded
15. The release of prisoners … life sentence is at the discretion of the Home Secretary.
a) giving b) serving c) putting
16. The public must be … from a dangerous offender.
a) protected b) claimed c) sheltered
17. The law presumes the accused not to be guilty until his guilt has been ….
a) suspended b) proved c) repealed
18. After some time he was released on … in the interest of the investigation.
a) bail b) record c) summons
19. The accused was satisfied to have been visited by a … to ensure a properly prepared defence in court.
a) judge b) lawyer c) Master of the Rolls
20. The … against the accused was based almost completely on circumstantial evidence.
a) sentence b) charge c) will
Рекомендуемая литература:
Английский язык:
1. Губина. Г.Г. Английский язык в магистратуре и аспирантуре: учебное пособие /Г.Г. Губина. - Ярославль: Ярославский государственный педагогический университет им. К. Д. Ушинского. 2010. - 128 с. [Электронный ресурс]. – URL:http:/A?ibnoclub.rit/index.php?pag,e=book&id=.135306.
2. Калюжная В.Ю., Кубракова М.В. Английский язык. – Луганск: РВВ ЛДУВС им. Э.А. Дидоренко, 2013. – 272с.
3. Агабекян И. П. Английский для инженеров [Текст]: учеб. пособие / И. П. Агабекян, П. И. Коваленко. - Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2009.
4. Изучаем спонтанные английские тексты [Текст]: учеб. пособие С.В.Андросова [и др.]; АмГУ, ФФ. Ч. 1.-2004.
5. Изучаем спонтанные английские тексты [Текст]: учеб. пособие / С.В.Андросова [и др.]; АмГУ, ФФ. Ч. 2. - 2004.
6. Дроздова Т.Ю. English Grammar [Текст]: Reference & Practice: учеб. пособие / Т. Ю.Дроздова, А. И. Берестова, В. Г. Маилова. - СПб.: Антология,2007.
7. Дроздова Т.Ю. English Grammar [Текст]: Test File: учеб. пособие / Т. Ю. Дроздова, А.И. Берестова, Н. А. Курочкина. - СПб.: Антология, 2006.
8. Grammar in Use [Текст]: учеб. пособие / АмГУ, ФФ. - Благовещенск: Изд-во Амур,гос. ун-та, 2008.
9. Learn to Read Science. Курс английского языка для аспирантов [Текст]: учеб. пособие /рук. Н. И. Шахова. - 6-е изд., испр.. - М.: Флинта: Наука, 2005. - 357с.
10. 57 словарей ABBYY Lingvo хЗ [Текст]: английская версия. - Электрон, дан. - М.:ABBYY, 2008.
Электронные ресурсы
1. Электронная библиотечная система «Университетская библиотека-online » www.biblioclub.ru
2. www.wikipedia.ru
3. www.britannica.com
Периодическая литература:
Статьи из иностранных газет, журналов, научных и научно-популярных изданий по профилю (Scientific American).
Фрагменты научных и научно-публицистических работ по тематике отраслевой специализации аспиранта (соискателя).
Немецкий язык:
Арсеньева М.Г., Цыганова И.А. Грамматика немецкого языка. СПб, 2002.
Виноградова В.С. Zu Besuch in Deutschland. Практикум по немецком языку — СПб, 1995.
Герман Б Г, Троянская Е. С. Высоковский А. А. Как читать по-немецки математические, химические и другие формулы, символы, сокращения — М:Наука 1970.
Гяч Н В Пособие по развитию навыков устной речи по теме Международные научные связи (Немецкий язык) — Л: Наука, 1980.
Закс Р. и Васильева М. М. Коммерческая корреспонденция (на немецком языке) — Deutsche Handelskorrespondenz— М: Логос, 1996.
Зорина Н. В. DeutschKommunikativ. - М: МГУ, 1994.
Кусков В. В. и др Сборник упражнений для перевода с немецкого языка. Практическое пособие — Л: Наука, 1971.
Халеева И.И. Основы теории обучения пониманию иноязычной речи (Подготовка переводчиков) — М: Высшая школа, 1989.
Ходзинская Э. А., Левицкая Е. В., Чунгурова В. А. Пособие по переводу научно технической литературы на немецком языке (Таблицы и упражнения) — М: Наука, 1971.
Чуваева В.Г. Практическая грамматика немецкого языка — М: Высшая школа, 1978.