Тема занятия: Повторение грамматики к зачету
На зачет (тест) выносятся следующие аспекты:
Основных времени глаголов: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, Present Perfect.
Модальные глаголы.
Степени сравнения прилагательных.
Present Simple
1. В предложении именное сказуемое. Например: «Я студент». Используем глагол “to be”.
Утвердительные предложения
I am a student. = I’m
You are a student. = you’re
We are students. = we’re
They are students. = they’re
He is a student. = he’s
She is a student. = she’s
It is a book. = it’s
Отрицательные предложения
I am not a student. = I’m not
You are not a student. = you aren’t
We are not students. = we aren’t
They are students. = they aren’t
He is not a student. = he isn’t
She is not a student. = she isn’t
It is not a book. = it isn’t
Вопросы. Если хотите задать вопрос, поставьте глагол “to be” в соответствующей форме перед подлежащим.
2. Сказуемое выражено глаголом.
Утвердительные предложения
| Подлежащее | Сказуемое | |
| I | work | in the city centre |
| you | work | in the city centre |
| we | work | in the city centre |
| they | work | in the city centre |
| he | work s | in the city centre |
| she | work s | in the city centre |
| it | work s | very well |
Отрицательные предложения
| Подлежащее | Сказуемое | ||
| I | don’t | work | in the city centre |
| you | don’t | work | in the city centre |
| we | don’t | work | in the city centre |
| they | don’t | work | in the city centre |
| he | doesn’t | work | in the city centre |
| she | doesn’t | work | in the city centre |
| it | doesn’t | work | very well |
Вопросы
| Сигнал: внимание, вопрос. Вспомогательный глагол | Подлежащее | Глагол | |
| Do | I | work | in the city centre |
| Do | you | work | in the city centre |
| Do | we | work | in the city centre |
| Do | they | work | in the city centre |
| Does | he | work | in the city centre |
| Does | she | work | in the city centre |
| Does | it | work | very well |
Present Continuous
О действиях и событиях, происходящих в данный момент
(в данный промежуток времени)
Now, at the moment, today, this week, this summer
Утвердительные предложения
| Подлежащее | Сказуемое | ||
| I | am | work ing | in the city centre today |
| you | are | work ing | in the city centre today |
| we | are | work ing | in the city centre today |
| they | are | work ing | in the city centre today |
| he | is | work ing | in the city centre today |
| she | is | work ing | in the city centre today |
| it | is | work ing | very well now |
Отрицательные предложения
| Подлежащее | Сказуемое | ||
| I | am not | work ing | in the city centre today |
| you | aren’t | work ing | in the city centre today |
| we | aren’t | work ing | in the city centre today |
| they | aren’t | work ing | in the city centre today |
| he | isn’t | work ing | in the city centre today |
| she | isn’t | work ing | in the city centre today |
| it | isn’t | work ing | very well now |
Вопросы
| Сигнал: внимание, вопрос. Вспомогательный глагол | Подлежащее | Глагол | |
| Am | I | work ing | in the city centre? |
| are | you | work ing | in the city centre? |
| are | we | work ing | in the city centre? |
| are | they | work ing | in the city centre? |
| is | he | work ing | in the city centre? |
| is | she | work ing | in the city centre? |
| is | it | work ing | very well? |
Past Simple
О том, что происходило в определенное время в прошлом
(yesterday, a week ago, last year, …)
1. В предложении есть слова «был», «были». Например: «я был дома». Используем глагол “tobe” в прошедшем времени.
| Утвердительные предложения | Отрицательные предложения | Вопросы | |
| единственное число | I was at home | I wasn’t at home | Was I at home? |
| He was at home | He wasn’t at home | Was he at home? | |
| She was at home | She wasn’t at home | Was she at home? | |
| It was there | It wasn’t there | Was it there? | |
| множеств. число | You were at home | You weren’t at home | Were you at home? |
| We were at home | We weren’t at home | Were we at home? | |
| They were at home | They weren’t at home | Were they at home? |
3. Сказуемое выражено глаголом. Глагол правильный.
Утвердительные предложения
| Подлежащее | Сказуемое | |
| I | worked | in the city centre |
| You | worked | in the city centre |
| We | worked | in the city centre |
| They | worked | in the city centre |
| He | worked | in the city centre |
| She | worked | in the city centre |
| It | worked | very well |
Отрицательные предложения
| Подлежащее | Сказуемое | ||
| I | didn’t | work | in the city centre |
| You | didn’t | work | in the city centre |
| We | didn’t | work | in the city centre |
| They | didn’t | work | in the city centre |
| He | didn’t | work | in the city centre |
| She | didn’t | work | in the city centre |
| It | didn’t | work | very well |
Вопросы
| Сигнал: это вопрос Вспомогательный глагол | Подлежащее | Глагол | |
| Did | I | work | in the city centre? |
| Did | you | work | in the city centre? |
| Did | we | work | in the city centre? |
| Did | they | work | in the city centre? |
| Did | he | work | in the city centre? |
| Did | she | work | in the city centre? |
| Did | it | work | very well? |
3. Если глагол неправильный, в утвердительных предложениях используем 2 форму из таблицы неправильных глаголов.
I saw my friend yesterday.
Отрицательные предложения: I didn’t see my friend yesterday.
Вопросы: Did you see your friend yesterday?
Present Perfect
Используется в случаях, когда:
- мы не уточняем время, когда произошло событие;
- действие (событие) не закончено;
- период времени, когда действие (событие) началось, не закончен.
1. В предложении есть слова «был», «были». Например: «я был в Италии». Используем глагол “to be” в 3-й форме.
| Утвердительные предложения | Отрицательные предложения | Вопросы |
| Ihave beento Italy | I haven’t beento Italy | HaveI beento Italy? |
| You have beento Italy | You haven’t beento Italy | Have you beento Italy? |
| We have beento Italy | We haven’t beento Italy | Have we beento Italy? |
| They have beento Italy | They haven’t beento Italy | Have they beento Italy? |
| He has beento Italy | He hasn’t beento Italy | Has he beento Italy? |
| She has beento Italy | She hasn’t beento Italy | Has she beento Italy |
| It has beenthere | It hasn’t beenthere | Has it beenthere? |
2. Сказуемое выражено глаголом. Глагол правильный.
Утвердительные предложения
| Подлежащее | Сказуемое | Все остальное | |
| I | have | worked | in the city centre |
| you | have | worked | in the city centre |
| we | have | worked | in the city centre |
| they | have | worked | in the city centre |
| he | has | worked | in the city centre |
| she | has | worked | in the city centre |
| it | has | worked | very well |