FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION
Forensic medical examination – the examination appointed by judicial investigating authorities in case for permission of the questions which arose by production of inquiry, preliminary investigation or at judicial proceedings special knowledge of the field of medicine are required; one of types of proofs in criminal and civil cases.
Classification
In accordance with the law, compulsory forensic medical examination of beatings. It is appointed in the framework of criminal proceedings and is necessary to determine the extent, nature, causes of bodily injury. Forensic medical examination of beatings usually carried out by one doctor. At the end of the examination, a conclusion is drawn. Examination of the corpse is also mandatory. During the study, the causes of death, the time of its onset, are clarified. Toxicological and chemical examinations are aimed at detecting certain compounds in human organs and fluids. Histological examination allows to determine pathological deviations at the microscopic level. Biological forensic examination of living persons it is necessary to establish kinship, identify antigens, etc. Within the framework of productions for cases of different categories, it may be necessary to examine the documentation of health facilities.
Forensic medical examination of minors: general information
This type of study is considered the most difficult inpractice. This is due, first of all, to the psychological and age characteristics of the citizens surveyed. The legislation provides additional guarantees for protecting the interests and rights of subjects subject to such research.
Stages
Forensic medical examination of minors includes several stages:
1) Choosing a survey method and formulating a procedure plan.
2) Familiarization with the family, household, social and other aspects of a teenager's life. Preliminary, the expert can talk with relatives, friends, teachers of the examined minor. During such conversations the specialist receives information about the characteristics of the behavior, character, temperament of the adolescent.
3) Conversation with a minor. At this stage, the specialist asks the teenager questions in a calm and friendly manner. The task of the expert is to clarify the circumstances of the case, the consequences of the incident, the relationship of the minor to them. It is forbidden to use threats, psychological pressure, deception and other improper methods.
4) Inspection. At this stage, the specialist examines the adolescent in accordance with the tasks of the proceedings in the case.
5) Formulation of the conclusion. Having objectively evaluated the information received, the specialist systematizes them and draws conclusions. The conclusion should include answers to the questions put to him by the court.
Nuances
Forensic medical examination of minors can be assigned to children not only school, but also preschool age. Legislation, providing additional protection for the interests of persons under the age of 18, allows the involvement of psychologists and educators in the procedure. Forensic medical examination of minors based on the use of special methods. They are chosen in accordance with the age and mental state of the subject.
Personal aspects
As part of the study, the specialist needs Consider that in adolescence, the socialization of the individual is actively occurring. The minor adapts to the established order in society. At the same time, the development of cognitive processes is intensively proceeding. Accordingly, often at such an age for children there is a wrong, false perception and assessment of what is happening around. Within the framework of the study, the character, the temperament of the teenager is studied: the level of aggression, leadership qualities, propensity to suggestibility, fantasy, apathy, secrecy, infantility, increased excitability.
Difficulties
In criminal practice, unfortunately, there are cases where attacks are committed to the floor inviolability of citizens under the age of 18 years. In such situations, forensic medical examination is mandatory. However, it can be difficult to carry out. The fact is that a specialist for a survey needs to expose certain parts of the subject's body. The norms establish several rules for conducting such studies. First of all, the expert should be of the same sex as the subject. In addition, the teacher or psychologist participating in the research should be accessible and understandable to explain to the adolescent the purpose of the study, to convince him that it will be safe.
Conclusion
Forensic examination - complex of measures organizational, legal, medical, psychological. When it is carried out, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the subject. This is especially important in the case when the research is performed against a teenager. In practice, the question often arises, how much is forensic medical examination. It should be said that the price depends on various factors. Some studies are carried out free of charge, at the expense of budgetary funds. Non-governmental organizations that have a license to perform the procedure set a price. It can reach 12 thousand rubles.
Перевод
Судебно-медицинская экспертиза
Судебно-медицинская экспертиза – экспертиза, назначаемая судебно-следственными органами по делу для разрешения вопросов, возникших при производстве дознания, предварительного следствия или в судебном производстве, где требуются специальные знания в области медицины; один из видов доказательств по уголовным и гражданским делам.
Классификация
В соответствии с законом обязательна судебно-медицинская экспертиза избиений. Она назначается в рамках уголовного производства и необходима для определения степени, характера, причин телесных повреждений. Судебно-медицинская экспертиза избиений обычно проводится одним врачом. По окончании экспертизы делается заключение. Осмотр трупа является обязательным. В ходе исследования выясняются причины смерти, время ее наступления. Токсикологические и химические исследования направлены на выявление определенных соединений в органах и жидкостях человека. Гистологическое исследование позволяет определить патологические отклонения на микроскопическом уровне. Биологическая судебно-медицинская экспертиза живых людей необходима для установления родства, выявления антигенов и др. В рамках производства по делам различных категорий может потребоваться изучение документации медицинских учреждений.