Management
Management is the process of coordinating the resources of an organization to achieve the primary organizational goals. Depending on its size an organization may employ a number of specialized managers who are responsible for particular areas of management. A very large organization may employ many managers, each responsible for activities of the management area. In contrast, the owner of a sole proprietorship may be the only manager in the organization. Managers are concerned with the following main resources:
· Material resources are physical materials and the equipment used by an organization to make a product. For example, cars are made on assembly lines. These assembly lines and the buildings that house them are material resources.
· The most important resources of any organization are its human resources – people. Some firms believe that their employees are their most important assets. To keep employees content, a variety of incentives are used, including higher-than-average pay, flexible working hours, recreational facilities, lengthy paid vacations, cafeterias offering inexpensive meals, etc.
· Financial resources are the funds the organization to meet its obligations to various creditors. A grocery store obtains money from customers and uses a potion of that money to pay the wholesales from which it buys food. A large bank borrows and lends money. A college obtains money in the form of tuition, income from its endowments, and federal grants. It uses the money to pay utility bills, insurance premiums, and professors’ salaries. Each of these transactions involves financial resources.
· Finally, many organizations increasingly find they cannot ignore information. External environment – including the economy, consumer markets, technology, politics, and cultural forces – are all changing rapidly that an organization which does not adapt will probably now survive. And, to adapt to change, the organization must know what is changing and how it is changing. Companies are finding it increasingly important to gather information about their competitors in today’s business environment.
It is important to realize that these are only general categories of resources. Within each category there are hundreds of more specific resources, from which management must choose that can best accomplish its goals. Managers must coordinate this complex group of specific resources to produce goods and services.
Learn the vocabulary
Application – применение
Skill – мастерство
Employ – нанимать
Particular – особый, специфический
Proprietorship – собственность
Be concerned with – заниматься, иметь дело с чем-либо
Assembly line – конвейер
Incentive – стимул, побудительный мотив
Recreational facilities – место отдыха и развлечений
Meet obligations – выполнять обязательства
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Tuition – плата за обучение
Endowment – пожертвование, благотворительный взнос
Grant – субсидия, безвозвратная ссуда
Utility – предприятие коммунального обслуживания
Competitor – конкурент
Translate into ENGLISH
1. Менеджмент – это процесс координации ресурсов организации для достижения организационных целей
2. Менеджеры занимаются четырьмя видами ресурсов: материальными, финансовыми, людскими и информационными
3. Наиболее важными ресурсами любой организации являются ее людские ресурсы
4. Для привлечения служащих используется ряд поощрений
5. Материальные ресурсы – это материалы, из которых изготовлена продукция, а также оборудование, используемое для ее производства
6. Финансовые ресурсы – это фонды, которые использует организация для выполнения своих обязательств перед различными кредиторами
7. Внешнее окружение, включая экономику, потребительские рынки, технологию, политику и культурные факторы, изменяется очень быстро
8. Организация, которая не приспосабливается к внешнему окружению, может не выжить
9. Компании считают все более важным собирать информацию о своих конкурентах
Speak on the following
1. General definition of management
2. Material and human resources
3. Financial and informational resources
Home reading. Read and translate the text
An organizational structure can be divided more or less horizontally into areas of management. The most common areas are finance, operations, marketing, human resources, and administration. Depending on its purpose and mission, and organization may include other areas as well – research and development, for example, or risk management.
A financial manager is primary responsible for the organization’s financial resources. Accounting and investment are specialized areas within financial management. Because financing affects the operation of the entire firm, many of the presidents of the largest companies are people who got their “basic training” as financial managers.
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An operation manager creates and managers the system that convert resources into goods and services. Traditionally, operations management is equated with the production of goods. However, in recent years many of the techniques and procedures of operations management have been applied to the production of services and to a variety of nonbusiness activities.
A marketing manager is responsible for the exchange of products between the organization and its customers or clients. Specific areas within marketing are marketing research, advertising, promotion, sales and distribution.
A human resources manager is in charge of the organization’s human resources programs. He or she engages in human resources planning, design systems for hiring, training and appraising the performance of employees, and ensures that the organization follows government regulations concerning employment practices.
An administrative manager (also called a general manager) is not associated with any specific functional area but provides overall administrative leadership. A hospital administrator is good example of an administrative manager. He coordinates the activities of specialized managers in all these areas.
Домашнее задание:
Учить слова из упражнения 1, выполнить упражнение 5 письменно, и к каждой из тем упражнения 6 сочинить как минимум 5 предложений (устно рассказывать потом на паре).