1. liner, coaster, lorry, freighter
2. stern, bow, ramp, aft
3. secure, stow, store, tow
4. perishable, refrigerated, bulk, fixed
5. derrick, crane, ramp, boom
6. compartment, galley, cabin, gangway
7. VLCC, TEU, LASH, LNG
Exercise 6. Match the term with its definition.
| term | definition |
| 1. Container ship | a. somewhat like small bulk carriers. These box-like vessels haul such cargoes as cement, coal, grain, gravel, and sand across harbours, on canals and rivers, and along coasts. Modern barges have diesel motors or are pushed or towed by tugs. The size of a canal or river barge is limited by the waterway on which it operates. The barge must be short enough to make the curves in the waterway and narrow enough to pass through canals. Barges that operate in coastal waters can be practically any size. |
| 2. Dry bulk carrier | b. has been designed to lift and carry extremely heavy cargo on the main deck. Their cargoes such as drilling platforms, engines, trains, derelicts and wrecks are loaded onto the main deck that is free from any obstacles. |
| 3. Barges | c. were among the first ships designed to carry only one kind of cargo - petroleum. |
| 4. Multipurpose ships | d. eliminates the individual hatches, holds, and derricks of the traditional general cargo vessel. The hull of this ship is simply an enormous warehouse divided into cellsby vertical guide rails. The cells are designed to hold cargo in prepackaged units called containers. The ship does not need a large gang of workers spending hours to fit various items into different holds. Giant cranes pick up the containers, swing them over the ship, and then lower them one upon the other into the cells. After the hold has been loaded, additional containers are stacked on the deck. |
| 5. Tankers | e. are designed to haul several kinds of cargo at the same time. They can have refrigerated space for foods that spoil easily, tank space for liquid cargo, and a deck for automobiles, etc. |
| 6.Coasters | f. carries perishable cargoes, such as fruit and meat. These cargoes require cooling and must be stored in spaces that have precise temperature- and humidity controls during the voyage. |
| 7. Heavy-load vessel | g. are the vessels that can be easily recognized by their tall derricks designed to lift a raw material from which wood-products are manufactured. |
| 8. Timber carriers | h. take containers mounted on a framework of wheels like a truck trailer. These ships have a stern opening and side openings. These ships also carry cars, buses, house trailers, trucks, and any other cargo that can be rolled aboard. |
| 9 Reefer or refrigerated-cargo vessel | i. carry cargo along the coast or on sea voyages. These ships are of limited length and tonnage. Often there are no tween decks and the cargo spaces have no obstacles, so that a variety of cargo can be handled. The ship’s engine room is situated aft. |
| 10.Roll-on/roll-off ships, also known as ro-ro ships | k. transport fertilizer, grain, ore, salt, sugar, or any other cargo that can be piled loose into a hold. Like tankers, these vessels were designed to carry only one kind of cargo. But unlike tankers, the ore carriers hauled solid cargo. As a result, they required more complicated loading and unloading arrangements than tankers, which needed little more than hose connections and pumps. |
Exercise 7. Read the dialogue and then make up your own one.
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A: What’s that ship with the superstructure right forward and a couple of gantry cranes?
B: She’s one of LASH ships. They pick up fully loaded barges and stow them in layers in the hold. Then when they get to their destination they launch the barges over the stern and tugs take them in tow. That way LASH ships can load and discharge very quickly. It’s like a bigger version of container ships.
A: I see.
Exercise 8. Choose the right variant.
1. … is a container that floats in the water. a) lighter b) crate c) box d) bag
2. Cargo is loaded and discharged by the vessel’s … on general cargo ships.
a) pumps b) gantry cranes c) trailers d) derricks
3. The loaded vehicles are driven aboard via …
a) a hold b) a ramp c) a compartment d) an engine room
4. Reefers are equipped with …
a) tween deck b) double bottom c) refrigerating plant d) gantry cranes
5. Double bottoms provide … for fuel, lubricating oil and waters.
a) discharge b) stowage c) storage d) emerge
Exercise 9. Is this information true or false?
1. A tramp is not allowed to carry passengers.
2. Freighters that carry cargoes according to schedules that are not fixed are called liners.
3. General cargo is cargo that has been packed in crates or bags.
4. Lash-vessels usually carry lighters.
5. Perishable cargoes are oil, liquid gas and timber.
6. Dry bulk cargoes are loaded and discharged by derricks.
7. Merchant ships are designed to carry cargo and/or passengers.
8. There is no cargo handling equipment on Ro/Ro.
9. A coaster’s engine room is situated fore.
10. Heavy load vessel is designed to carry bulk containers.
Exercise 10. Translate the sentences into English.
1. Контейнеровозы обычно не оборудованы погрузочными механизмами.
2. Лихтеровоз — специализированное судно для перевозки груза в лихтерах или баржах, контейнерах.
3. Умеренная скорость хода и возможность перевозки различных грузов – две особенности трампового судна.
4. Каботажное судно, как правило, не выходит в открытое море.
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5. Танкер — морское или речное грузовое судно, предназначенное для перевозки наливных грузов.
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