Habeas Corpus Act in Britain

1. In the United States, Britain, and many other English-speaking countries, the law of Habeas Corpus * guarantees that nobody can be held in prison without trial. Habeas Corpus became law because of a wild party held in 1621 at the London home of a notoriously rowdy lady, Alice Robinson. When a constable appeared and asked her and her guests to quiet down, Mrs.Robinson allegedly swore at him so violently that he arrested her, and a local justice of the peace committed her to jail.

2. When she was finally brought to trial, Mrs.Robinson’s story of her treatment in prison caused an outcry. She had been put on a punishment diet of bread and water, forced to sleep on the bare earth, stripped, and given 50 lashes. Such treatment was barbaric even by the harsh standards of the time; what made it worse was that Mrs.Robinson was pregnant.

3. Public anger was so great that she was acquitted, the constable who had arrested her without a warrant was himself sent to prison, and the justice of the peace was severely reprimanded. And the case, along with other similar cases, led to the passing of the Habeas Corpus Act in Britain in 1679.

* Habeas Corpus – судебный приказ о передаче арестованного в суд на предмет надлежащего судебного разбирательства

ВАРИАНТ VII

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите и подчеркните в них Gerund. Предложения переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции герундия.

1. Laws are made for the sake of man and society with the aim of protecting them.

2. The criminal should have no hope of getting away with his crime and consequently, of going unpunished.

3. There is a need for drawing a distinction between crimes and those violations of law which are not criminal.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The criminal justice system is composed of three components: police, court, corrections.

2. The facts are being established with the help of the witnesses.

3. The guilt of the suspect has been proved by the investigating officers.

4. The criminal was identified as the perpetrator of the criminal acts.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них и подчеркните инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. The object of punishment is to reform and educate the guilty person.

2. The judge must have discharged one of the jurors.

3. He went to Oxford to study law.

4. The report to be written by the investigator must include all the facts collected during the investigation.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них независимый (самостоятельный) причастный оборот и подчеркните его. Переведите предложения, учитывая особенности перевода независимого причастного оборота на русский язык.

1. The Senate consists of 2 members from each state, chosen for 6 years, one third being reelected every 2 years.

2. The exercise being difficult for the students, the teacher explained them how to do it.

V. Перепишите следующие сложные предложения, найдите в них придаточные предложения условия и подчеркните их. Переведите предложения, учитывая особенности перевода условных предложений на русский язык.

1. If you had been the judge, what other facts and circumstances would you have wanted to know?

2. A hat on one’s head has little significance but if it is found beside a murder victim it might become of great importance.

3. It would be ideal if a search for latent prints at every crime scene could be conducted by a lab expert.

VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

INTERPOL

1. Interpol is a private corporation, founded in 1923 as a service organization devoted to coordination action against international criminals. Its clients are 125 police agencies throughout the world. This organisation is not under the control or supervision of any government.

2. Interpol is a recognized intergovernmental police force whose task is to hunt down and arrest the international criminal. A multinational force, much like the United Nations, Interpol is made up of police of the Free World and a bona fide law enforcement agency in its own right.

3. As a private corporation, Interpol does not have powers of arrest or any investigative rights. Its function is to disseminate information. Today 80 percent of the permanent staff is French. Interpol, is much like any large corporation with bureaus in various countries and with representatives from these offices also stationed at the main office. Information is exchanged between the many national bureaus, but the police forces themselves are subject to the laws and policies of their respective nations.

4. Interpol is divided into four main bodies - the General Assembly, the Executive Committee, the General Secretariat and the National Central Bureaus.

ВАРИАНТ VIII

1. Law and legislation date back to the days when primitive communal society which had no need for having law, gave way to first class-based socio-economic formation.

2. The problem may be summarized by saying that a criminal offence is an offence against any private right and punishable by the state.

3. The repressive function of the police is realized by making arrest of a criminal.

1. In actual practice a great number of arrests are made by the police without an arrest warrant.

2. It is assumed that the criminal has been identified and is now in custody.

3. Much work is currently being done on a new Criminal Executive Legislation in the Russian Federation.

4. He was murdered with an Indian dagger stuck into his back as he sat writing at his desk.

1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.

2. The first officer to arrive at the scene of a crime has two major responsibilities: a) to examine the victim for signs of life, and b) to protect and preserve all physical evidence.

3. According to the British laws a person cannot be tried twice or more times on the same charge.

4. The crime case to be tried by our district court next week is much spoken of in our city.

1. The United States is divided into 11 judicial circuits, each one being served with a Federal Court of Appeals.

2. The Constitution proclaiming the peaceful nature of the state, there is a special chapter in it formulating the principles of the foreign policy.

1. How would you have felt if you had been the defendant?

2. He belived that if people lived in a more just and humane society they would behave better.

3. The examination of footprints helps determine a number of important factors that could be used in identifying a criminal if he were arrested.

VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

Habeas Corpus Act in Britain

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