СЕМЕСТР
1. Прочитайте новые слова и переведите предложения:
1. frequency - частота
The frequency of electric current is 50 Hz in Europe and 60 Hz in the USA.
frequently - часто
It rains frequently on the British Isles.
2. length - длина
The length of the Earth's equator is approximately 40 thousand kilometers.
3. width - ширина
The river has two hundred metres in width.
4. density - плотность
Population density in Great Britain is the largest in Europe.
5. mild – мягкий, умеренный
The climate of Great Britain is mild.
6. current – поток, течение, электрический ток
Gulf Stream is a warm current in the Atlantic ocean.
7. rare – редкий, нечастый
Rains are rare in deserts.
8. mean – середина, средний, мат. средняя величина
Greenwich Mean Time is the standard of time in the world.
9. level – уровень
Water level at the shore rises during tide.
10. average – обычный, средний, средняя величина
The average temperatures in winters are not very low.
The arithmetic average of one and five is three.
11. approximate – приблизительный, примерный
The approximate radius of the Earth is 6,300 km.
12. machinery – оборудование, машины
The goods are produced on new machinery.
13. trade – занятие, профессия, торговля
Christopher Columbus was a sailor by trade.
14. peak – пик, максимум, вершина кривой
A sinusoid curve has positive and negative peaks.
15. development – развитие, расширение, рост, разработка, создание
The development of transport is very important in large cities.
16. (to) gain – получать, приобретать; прибыль, выигрыш, усиление
He gained the largest prize in a lottery.
17. amount – величина, количество, объем, размер, степень, сумма
A large amount of work was made with the help of computer.
19. to exist – существовать. жить
We cannot exist without oxygen.
19. to expand – расширять(ся), увеличивать(ся) в объеме, размерах
When air is warmed it expands and becomes lighter.
20. mode – метод, способ, состояние, режим
Air transport is the fastest mode of travel.
21. item – пункт, отдельный предмет, изделие
Automatic lines can produce different items.
22. value – величина, значение, ценность
The value of education grows every year.
The value of p (Pi) is 3.14.
23. to raise – поднимать. повышать
New methods of work raised the productivity of labour.
24. to lower – снижать, уменьшать
The use of safety belts in a car lowers the danger of heavy accidents.
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст, пользуясь дополнительным словарем:
The United Kingdom
The United Kingdom, officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is an island nation and constitutional monarchy in north-western Europe, member of the European Union (EU).
Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles. It comprises, together with numerous smaller islands, England and Scotland, and the principality of Wales. Northern Ireland, also known as Ulster, occupies the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland.
The United Kingdom is bordered to the south by the English Channel, which separates it from continental Europe, to the east by the North Sea, and to the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The only land border is between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242 sq. km. The capital and largest city is London.
The names «United Kingdom», «Great Britain», and «England» are often used interchangeably. The use of «Great Britain», often shortened to «Britain», to describe the whole kingdom is common and widely accepted, although strictly it does not include Northern Ireland.
However, the use of «England» to mean the «United Kingdom» is not acceptable to members of the other constituent countries, especially the Scots and the Welsh.
England and Wales were united administratively, politically, and legally by 1543. The crowns of England and Scotland were united in 1603, but the two countries remained separate political entities until the 1707 Act of Union, which formed the Kingdom of Great Britain with a single legislature. From 1801, when Great Britain and Ireland were united, until the formal establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922, the kingdom was officially named the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
Hong Kong, which has 200,000 population, was returned to China in 1997.
The mainland of the island of Great Britain is 974 km at its longest and 531 km at its widest; however, the highly indented nature of the island's coastline means that nowhere is more than about 120 km from the sea.
The climate of the United Kingdom is mild relative to its latitude, which is the same as that of Labrador in Canada. The mildness is an effect of the warm Gulf Stream. This current brings the prevailing south-west winds that moderate winter temperatures and bring the depressions which have the main day-to-day influence on the weather. The western side of the United Kingdom tends to be warmer than the eastern; the south is warmer than the north. The mean annual temperature is 6°C in the far north of Scotland; 11°С in the south-west of England. Winter temperatures seldom are below -10°C and summer temperatures rarely higher than 32°C. The sea winds also bring plenty of moisture; average annual precipitation is more than 1,000 mm.
Rain tends to fall throughout the year, frequently turning to snow in the winter, especially in Scotland, the mountains of Wales, and northern England. The western side of Britain is much wetter than the eastern: average rainfall varies is from 5,000 mm in the western Highlands of Scotland, to less than 500 mm in parts of East Anglia in England.
The population of United Kingdom is more than 56 mln. people, but it is one of the world's leading commercial and industrialized nations. In terms of gross national product (GNP) it ranks fifth in the world, with Italy, after the United States, Japan, Germany, and France.
Дополнительный словарь:
Island nation — островное государство
Constitutional monarchy — конституционная монархия
European Union — Европейский союз
to comprise — включать
numerous — многочисленные
principality — княжество
North Sea — Северное море
interchangeably — взаимозаменяемо
to accept — принимать, допускать
strictly — строго, зд. строго говоря
include — включать
constituent — составляющий
administratively — административно
entities — зд. субъекты
single — зд. единая
indented — зд. изрезанная
latitude — широта геогр.
prevailing — преобладающий
moderate — умеренный
depressions — зд. циклоны
mean — средний
throughout — на всем протяжении
averageannualprecipitation — среднегодовое количество осадков
intermsof— говоря (о чем-либо)
GNP (Gross National Product ) — валовой национальный продукт.
3. Переведите на английский:
1. Официальное название Великобритании — Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии.
2. Соединенное королевство является членом Европейского союза и конституционной монархией.
3. Северная Ирландия занимает северо-восточную часть острова Ирландия.
4. Пролив Ла-Манш отделяет Соединенное Королевство от континентальной Европы.
4. Перескажите текст, используя следующие выражения:
1. As I understood from the text...
2. According to the text...
3. According to the author...
4. As it is described in the text...
5. As it is said in the text...
6. As the author puts it...
7. According to the figures (data, information, opinions) from the text...
5. Прочитайте и переведите текст, пользуясь дополнительным словарем: