Контрольная работа №1
Вариант I
Задание 1. Текст по специальности.
I. Прочитайте текст.
On the simplest level science is knowledge of the world of nature. Science defined simply as knowledge of natural processes has been universal among mankind since the dawn of human existence. There were many regularities in nature that people had to recognize for survival. The motion of the Sun and the Moon correlate with important terrestrial events: day and night provide the basic rhythm of human existence; the seasons determine the migration of animals needed as food and influence the agriculture. At that time nature was explained only through human senses, everything that they couldn’t explain rationally was credited to the God. But mere recognition of nature regularities does not exhaust the full meaning of science. It must unite scientific methods with technology to search for answers to fundamental question: what is happening all around us in the living world.
During the Middle Ages any attempt to develop science was cruelly suppressed by the Catholic Church, but nevertheless the scientists continued to work. The names of Galileo and Paracelsus have entered the history of science and their studies have withstood years of testing and serve as a model for explaining and predicting.
The nineteenth century period was a great contribution to all branches of natural science from physics and mathematics to biology and chemistry. But it was not until the beginning of the last century when the real expansion of knowledge both in depth and range began. By 1900 nuclear energy was unknown, many chemical elements have not been identified, and no computers have been developed. Similarly, the significance of environmental changes, such as water pollution and the dumping of hazardous waste on the living world were not well understood.
The XXth century science has supplied us with direct answers to previously unknown questions, has given birth to absolutely new branches of science as nuclear physics, genetic engineering, nanotechnology, computer science. It was the time of Venus landing, fiber optics, DNA code, space stations, microchips and computers and superconductivity. The explosive increase of knowledge in the sciences has led to enormous advances in both fundamental and applied science and the development of technology.
Scientific knowledge is becoming acceptable and useful part of our lives. Science can be fascinating; the more we know science, the better we understand life. Nowadays it is a matter of simple survival for us. The human world of the future will be greatly affected by the science; but it will not only facilitate our life – we must be ready to respond to the ethical and moral issues that step from new technologies.
Science is a means of answering questions. Learning to analyze the nature of question, to interpret data and to assess the reliability of a source will help you evaluate new information. Developing connections between new and previous knowledge assists you to detect errors in logic and the content of the material. With increased knowledge you are more prepared to cope with the problems of grown scientific knowledge, to make intelligent decisions and informed judgements in the future.
Задание 2. Задания по тексту.
I. Переведите письменно на русский язык весь текст.
II. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту.
1. What is the main task of science?
2. What is the difference between fundamental and applied sciences?
3. What will the main scientific branches of the future be?
5. Why is it important to study?
III. Составьте предложения из двух частей.
| 1. You are more prepared | A. withstood years of testing |
| 2. Their studies have | B. will be greatly affected by the science |
| 3. Day and night provide | C. will help you to evaluate new information |
| 4. Learning to analyze the nature of question | D. to cope with the problems |
| 5. Your life in the future | E. the basic rhythm of human existence |
Задание 3. Грамматические задания
I. Вставьте нужную форму глагола
to be или to have.
1. There... а telegram on the table.
2. The book … many diagrams.
3.
There... much snow last winter.
4. There... а lot of stars
and planets in space.
5. Students … four exams last January.
6. Не... born in 1985.
7. We... students next year.
8. They … two lectures tomorrow.
9. Who... absent today?
10. Ann doesn’t … time to go to the cinema.
II. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степень от следующих прилагательных и
наречий.
1. large, tall, long, easy, hot, big 2. wonderful, necessary, quickly, interesting
III. Поставьте к следующим предложе-
ниям вопросы (общие/специальные/альтернативные/ разделительные).
1.There is а book on the table.
2. Не must work hard
today.
3. We are leaving for Moscow next week.
4. We
were reading the whole evening.
IV. Раскройте скобки и выберите глагол в требуемом залоге: активном или пассивном.
1. Electronic devices (help; are helped) people discover new phenomena of nature.
2. The transistor (replaced; was replaced) by vacuum tubes thanks to its numerous advantages.
3. Due to transistors all circuit functions (carried out; were carried out) inside semiconductors.
4. Electronic devices (use; are used) in scientific research.
5. Before the invention of the transistor its function (performed; was performed) by vacuum tubes.
6. The reliability of electronic systems (connect; is connected) with the number of discrete components.
7. Semiconductor integrated circuits (helped; were helped) to increase reliability of devices.
8. New types of integrated circuits (have developed; have been developed) lately.
V. Переведите предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на перевод модальных глаголов.
1. Он может читать и писать по-английски.
2. Она должна сделать эту работу сейчас.
3. Теперь студенты могут войти в аудиторию.
4. Она может заниматься здесь.
5. Он должен прочитать эту статью.
6. Можно мне взять ваш учебник?
7. Вы умеете говорить по-немецки?
8. Вы можете вернуть книгу завтра.
Рекомендуемая литература:
1. Агабекян И.П. и др. Английский для инженеров. Серия «Учебники и учебные пособия». – Ростов н/Д: «Феникс», 2002. – 320 с.
2. Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика: Сборник упражнений. – 7-е изд., испр. и доп. – СПб.: КАРО, 2011. – 576 с.
3. Загидуллина И.М. Английский язык. Учебно-методическое пособие. Казань, 2005