Dental education abroad
The goal of all dental school programs in the USA and Canada is to produce graduates who are competently educated in the basic biological and clinical sciences, and capable of providing quality dental care to all segments of the population. The traditional dental school program requires four academic years of study.
Years One and Two. Students generally spend the major part of the first two years studying the biological sciences to learn about the structure and function of the human body and its diseases. Students also receive instruction about basic sciences such as human anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, microbiology and pharmacology, and dental oriented biological sciences such as oral anatomy, oral pathology, and oral histology. They also learn the basic principles of oral diagnosis and treatment and begin mastery of dental treatment procedures through practice on models of the mouth and teeth. In many programs, students begin interacting with patients and provide basic oral health care.
Years Three and Four. The focus of the final two years of dental school generally concentrates on clinical study. Clinical training is designed to provide competence in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of oral diseases and disorders. Students apply basic principles and techniques involved in oral diagnosis, treatment planning, restorative dentistry, periodontics, oral surgery, orthodontics, pediatric dentistry, prosthodontics, endodontics, and other types of treatment through direct patient care. The D.M.D. (Doctor of Dental Medicine) and the D.D.S. (Doctor of Dental Surgery) are equivalent degrees that are awarded to dental students upon completion of the same types of programs.
Basic dental training in the United Kingdom consists of full-time course leading to a Bachelor’s degree. The degree course lasts for five years and includes an academic education supporting clinical practice of the care of patients. Graduates from UK dental schools must undertake a further year of vocational training (hands-on contact with patients), after registering with the General Dental Council (GDC), before they can practice in the UK.
VOCABULARY EXERCISES
Exercise 3. Translate into Russian the following words and word combinations:
Basic dental training; apply basic principles and techniques; learn the basic principles of oral diagnosis and treatment; spend the major part of the first two years studying the biological sciences; receive instruction about; involved in oral diagnosis and treatment planning; begin mastery of dental treatment procedures; the degree course lasts for five years; begin interacting with patients; provide basic oral health care.
SPEECH EXERCISES
Exercise 4. Answer the questions:
1) How long does the traditional dental school program require in the USA (Canada) and the UK?
2) What do the students study in the first two years of dental school in the USA and Canada?
3) What do the students study in the final two years of dental school in the USA and Canada?
4) What degrees are awarded to dental students upon completion of the dental school program in the USA (Canada) and the UK?
Exercise 5. Revise the texts “The Volgograd State Medical University”, “Dentistry department of the Volgograd State Medical University” and “Dental education abroad” and get ready to speak on one of the following topics making out a plan for it first:
1) My University.
2) Dental Education in Russia.
3) Dental Education Abroad (the USA or Canada or the UK).
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
Exercise 6. Fill in the gaps with the correct forms of the pronouns:
1) Where is Alan? - … is at work.
2) Who is that woman? - … is my sister.
3) I want this book. – Please give … to me.
4) Where is the newspaper? - … is on the table.
5) I like my job. - … is very interesting.
6) I like Oxford. - … is famous for its university.
7) Where are my textbooks? - … are on the shelf.
8) Where is the money? - … is in the purse.
9) My camera is in my room. - … is on the shelf.
10) Are these people your friends? – Yes, … are my close friends.
11) How much are these shoes? - … are very expensive.
12) Who is that man? - … is my brother.
13) Where is your house? - … is far from here.
Имя существительное (The Noun). Множественное число
Множественное число имен существительных образуется следующим образом:
1) путем прибавления окончания - s к основе, которое после звонких согласных произносится [z]: a canine – canines, а после глухих – [s]: a book – books.
2) если основа оканчивается на звук подобный [s] или [z] (- s, - ss, - х, - sh, - ch) и на гласную букву - o, то множественное число образуется добавлением окончания - es, которое произносится как [ɪz]: a glass – glasses, a watch – watches, a box – boxes, a potato – potatoes.
3) если имя существительное оканчивается на – у, которая стоит после согласной, то - у меняется на – i, и к ней прибавляется окончание - еs (произносится как [ɪz]): a cavity – cavities, a city – cities.
4) если существительное в единственном числе оканчивается на – f(e), то при образовании множественного числа – f(e) меняется на - v и прибавляется окончание - es: a life – lives, a shelf – shelves.
Примечание
Исключение из этого правила составляют:
а) слова, образующие множественное число путем изменения корневой гласной или согласной: a man – men, a woman – women, a tooth – teeth, a child – children.
б) слова латинского и греческого происхождения, образующие форму множественного числа согласно правилам этих языков: an atrium – atria, a bacterium – bacteria, an alveolus – alveoli, an analysis – analyses, a datum – data, a phenomenon – phenomena.
в) слова, употребляющиеся только в единственном числе: heat – тепло, copper – медь, iron – железо, information – информация, news – новость (новости), progress – прогресс, knowledge - знания.
г) слова, употребляющиеся только во множественном числе: clothes – одежда, wages – заработная плата; а существительные means – средство(а), series – серия(и), species – вид(ы), apparatus – аппарат(ы) имеют одинаковую форму для единственного и множественного числа.