Changes to the NCTJ Preliminary Qualifications




After consultation with editors, trainers and trainees alike, the NCTJ has launched its new News Writing examination and Portfolio which are replacing the Newspaper Journalism and Handout examinations.

News Writing and Portfolio will be taken by trainees on NCTJ accredited courses

around the country although some will still sit Newspaper Journalism and Handout during this academic year while centres adjust (9) their programmes to accommodate the new assessments.

The new News Writing exam will test a trainee’s ability to write a clear, vigorous,

accurate news story to a specified length and to deadline. The two-hour exam asks a trainee to produce a news story of between 275 and 325 words from material provided, two short stories of 70-80 words and 40-50 words and five follow-up ideas.

Examiners will assess the content and accuracy of the stories; intro, story structure and use of language; and the relevant use of quotes (8).

We have introduced the Portfolio to ensure (10) that trainees are given the

opportunity to gather news stories and experience ‘real-world’ reporting during their training. It will provide evidence of a range of reporting and writing skills gained and stories produced during work experience or whilst on course.

When complete, the Portfolio will include ten news stories with original copy and explanatory cover sheets and one 500-word feature.

Subbing Qualifications

Trainee reporters will now have the opportunity to broaden their skills base and improve their employability by opting to take an NCTJ examination in Sub-editing. It is being offered on some accredited courses as an additional qualification which can be taken along with the core reporters’ examinations in Media Law, Public Affairs, Journalism and Shorthand.

The Subbing exam asks trainees to complete five exercises – three on-screen subbing test, one hard-copy proofing tests and one page layout design assignment produced on course.

The exam will also be made available to reporters who already have their NCTJ

preliminary exams, but would like to move to the subs desk or to subs who have been taken on without any journalism qualifications or experience.

A Subbing NCE is also in development and is delivered from summer 2007. To

qualify for this NCE, trainees will have passed all their preliminary examinations including the new subbing exam and will have to produce a sub-editors’ logbook in the same format at the reporters’ logbook.

 


Online Journalism.

 


8. Radio and TV in Belarus, the UK, the USA.

 


Types of Edition. History of Newspapers.

 

Types of Edition.

Newspaper of any country can be classified into two major groups: quality and popular

papers.

 

A quality paper or broadsheet is a serious national paper that aims at the educated reader, who wants to read about politics and foreign affairs. Quality papers contain detailed news coverage and comment, authorative editorials, a wide range of topical features written by experts in their field, arts and literary reviews and much professional advertising. Because of the serious information they are sometimes called “heavy” newspapers. These papers are bigger in size than popular ones, with longer articles and wider coverage of events. They have different pages for home news, foreign affairs, feature articles, fashion, business, sports and so on. The most famous British quality newspapers are The Daily Telegraph, The Times, The Guardian, The Independent, The Financial Times.

 

A popular paper is a newspaper which format and content are designed for the undemanding readers. Most popular papers or tabloids (i.e. papers with small-size pages usually about 30 by 40 cm) with lots of pictures, big headlines and short articles. Some of the tabloids place the name of the newspaper in a red box, so they may be called “red-top” papers. They are easy to read and often contain little real information; sometimes they give more space to opinions than to news. They usually have “human interest” stories, stories about ordinary people and events, which are included because they are amusing or odd. Emphasis is put on sensational stories, especially involving a figure in public eye such as a member of a royal family; importance is also given to sports and to cartoons and contests. Examples of such type of newspapers are The Daily Mail, The Sun, The Daily Mirror, The Star.

 

However, the broadsheets do not completely ignore sex and scandal or any other aspect of public life. Both types of papers devote equal amount of attention to sport. The difference between them is in the treatment of the topic they cover, and to which topics the most prominence is given. They look different, they have different style of writing and they aim to attract different readers. However, the competition for readers is intense, and tabloids and broadsheets may still trick off each other in order to win the circulation war. For example, many broadsheet newspapers in Britain run “Fantasy Football Leagues” which originated as a tabloid tactic. Some UK broadsheets have recently started producing a tabloid edition to further confuse matters.

 

The newspapers which are sold all over the country with a large readership and circulation are called the national papers; they are usually produced in the capital city. In Great Britain the newspapers are mostly owned by individuals or big publishing companies called the “empires”, not by the government or political parties. The editor of the newspaper is usually allowed considerable freedom of expression. This is not to say that newspapers are without political bias.

The political tendency of quality newspapers varies from conservative (The Daily Telegraph) or independent (The Times) to centre (The Independent) and liberal (The Guardian).

 

It is often said that there is no "national press" in the United States as there is in Great Britain. On the one hand, this is true. Most daily newspapers are distributed locally, or regionally, people buy one of the big city newspapers in addition to the smaller local ones. A few of the best-known newspapers such as The Wall Street Journal can be found throughout the country. Yet, one wouldn't expect The Milwaukee Journal to be read in Boston, or The Boston Globe in Houston. There has been one attempt to publish a truly national newspaper, USA Today. But it still has only a circulation of 1.2 million and, in its popular form, can only offer news of general interest. This is not enough in a country where state, city, and local news and political developments most deeply affect readers and are therefore especially interesting to them.

 

On the other hand, however, there is national press, if to speak about influence and sharing of news. Some of the largest newspapers are at the same time news-gathering businesses. They not only print newspapers, they also collect and sell news, news features, and photographs to hundreds of other papers in the U.S. and abroad. However, the influence of a few large metropolitan newspapers, most notably The New York Times and The Washington Post, has increased so that these papers come close to constituting a national press.

 

In addition to national daily newspapers that are issued every day there are also papers published on Sundays. Most of the “Sundays” contain more reading matter than daily papers, and several of them include “colour supplement”.

History of Newspapers.

 

Until the invention of printing, the public had to be satisfied with whatever information it was given by official sources, or it had to accept hearsay and rumor. The early evidence of an official means of spreading news dates from 59 BC in Rome, where a daily gazette called Acta Diurna (Daily Events) was published. Attributed to Julius Caesar, it contained coverage of social and political events: elections, public appointments, government edicts, treaties, trials and executions,

military news, births, marriages, and deaths. The Acta Diurna was written in manuscript and displayed in prominent places in Rome. A similar approach to publishing news was undertaken in

China from the 6th to the 12th century.

 

During the Middle Ages manuscript newsletters containing political and commercial information were circulated among the few people who could read. There were also occasional newsbooks, or

pamphlets, detailing an unusual event such as a battle. Between 1590 and 1610 about 450 newsbooks were published in England alone. In the 16th century an official newspaper was issued in Venice, with accounts of battles and other matters of public interest. This paper was circulated throughout Europe, and originally sold for a small coin called a “gazetta”. In due course the paper was called "gazetta" or "gazette", a name, which is still used. These little sheets, issued occasionally, had little in common with the great newspapers of today, with their great number of news items.

 

The first true newspapers were derived from commercial bulletins early in the 17th century. These bulletins circulated among the merchants of port cities such as Antwerp and Venice, and they carried news brought back by ship captains and crews from distant places. These early papers were called corantos, or "currents of news." They appeared first in Holland and shortly after in England and France.

 

Other countries also soon had their rudimentary newspapers: Switzerland in 1610, Austria in 1620, Denmark in 1634, Sweden in 1645, and Poland in 1661. These were irregular publications, coming out when the news warranted it.

 

The printing press was introduced into England by William Caxton in 1476. In 1665 the first real English-language newspaper – the Oxford Gazzette – started publishing twice weekly under the authority of the English Crown. In March 1702 Elizabeth Mallet, living in the King's Arms at the foot of Fleet Street, produced Britain's first daily newspaper, the Daily Courant. This highly quality, highly literate newspaper was aimed at the educated elite. A half century later, 17 newspapers were being published in England and the archetype of the British journalist emerged.

 

The first newspaper in British North America, Public Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick (1690), was immediately suppressed by the governor of Massachusetts. Official news was spread by means of proclamations and pamphlets or by newsletters and news-papers from London. The first regular newspaper in the colonies did not appear until 1704, and it was published by authority of the government. It was the weekly Boston News-Letter, published by John Campbell, the postmaster. Another paper replaced it in 1719, the Boston Gazette, published by postmaster James Franklin, an elder brother of Benjamin Franklin. Two years later James Franklin started his own New-England Courant. This was the beginning of independent journalism in the United States.
10. Higher Education in Belarus, the UK, the USA.



Поделиться:




Поиск по сайту

©2015-2024 poisk-ru.ru
Все права принадлежать их авторам. Данный сайт не претендует на авторства, а предоставляет бесплатное использование.
Дата создания страницы: 2019-04-28 Нарушение авторских прав и Нарушение персональных данных


Поиск по сайту: