PERSONAL PROFILE WORD LIST

Дополнительное чтение и устная подготовка к зачёту.

Текст №1 – прочитать и письменно перевести текст, выучить 100 слов и выражений, подготовить устно рассказ о себе (10-15 предложений) на основе данного текста.

MY PERSONAL PROFILE

In the life of every man, there is the time when he is to decide what he is going to be. To tell the truth it is very difficult for every person to solve the problem of his future occupation. Many roads open before us, but it is not easy to make the right choice.

In other words, educated, highly qualified specialists are required in all spheres of life and branches of industry. That is why in order to get a prestige job you should do your best to get a higher education. No doubt, it is very important to choose a profession thatsuits your own interests and preferences.

To my mind, when we try to choose our future profession we must take into account many factors. First and foremost, we must consider abilities, personal taste, turn of mind and family traditions. For those who have technical turn of mind it is better to choose the profession of an engineer or something of the kind. It is rather difficult to speak about one’s own abilities but as far as I remember, I have always been inclined to study Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry and so on.

As for me, I have made up my mind to enter Siberian Federal University (SibFU) and this year I have entered the School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering (Oil and Gas) and passed the entrance exams with good marks.

Siberian Federal University is one of the most actively developing universities in the whole Russia. Siberian Federal University was established in 2006 to train highly qualified specialists capable of working in any region of our country, including the severe conditions of the Northern areas.

The university was founded by merging 4 major Krasnoyarsk institutions of higher education. Today the University consists of 20 institutes, 36,000 students and more than 3,000 faculty members, mostly doctors and candidates of science (Ph.D.). SibFU trains highly qualified specialists who are capable of doing practical activities, sets up innovative technologies and contributes to the growth of socio-economic potential of the region.

Let me introduce myself. My name is …. I am currently a first-year part-time student of Siberian Federal University. I study at the School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering (of Oil and Gas) for a Bachelor’s degree.

My major is Oil Gas Field Machines and Equipment/Petroleum Engineering. There are a lot of employment opportunities in my field. In fact, I will be a petroleum engineer whose duties are to develop methods of enhancing the productivity of oil and gas wells, to organize the work of drilling crew, to obtain as many barrels of crude oil as possible. I consider it’s a very interesting job, which allows me to realize my abilities and skills, my full potential.

I understand in order to succeed in Petroleum industry I need to be confident, active, goal-oriented, hard-working person with high level of responsibility and high profound knowledge. That’s why I try to raise my educational level and absorb useful information from different sources. I should possess the basic knowledge in such fields as: hydrocarbons origin, onshore and offshore drilling, rotary drilling system, wellhead equipment, emergency shutdown system, circulating system, bit types, casing types, blowout prevent system and so on (hydrocarbons origin, petroleum properties and states, methods of petroleum storage and transportation, oil refining and octane number, structure of petroleum tank farm and pipeline terminal and so on).

Petroleum Engineering students learn about real world drilling practices taking place in the drilling industry today. Millions of wells are drilled worldwide. They say it’s a hard and dangerous job. But it’s exciting. And I’m not afraid to face the difficulties on my way.

There are a lot of interesting and exciting things to do in one’s free time. I believe that everyone has interests and hobbies such as reading books, watching TV, skating, skiing, fishing, and going in for sports and many others. In my opinion, those who don’t have any hobbies are dull and uninteresting people. I’m fond of playing computer games and walking in the forest because it’s really relaxing. Computer games let me change the scene in my daily life. I spend my free time in a new reality thus forgetting about my current problems.

In my free time I enjoy watching films and reading. Reading helps me learn more and perfect myself. Sport helps me keep fit and relax after a rough day. I think walking is a healthy and relaxing activity. I can breathe fresh air, keep fit and healthy and also change the scene. Sometimes I adore cooking. Cooking helps me express myself. I like to treat my friends and family with something delicious. Nowadays the Net is an important part of our daily life. I can find many interesting things on the Internet: music/ e-books/ films/ online games/ social networks and so on.

I believe I make a positive contribution to both my personal life and university life. I am confident and competitive, but also a good team worker. My natural enthusiasm often helps me motivate others and achieve excellent results working under pressure and meeting tight deadlines.

The School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering offers very complex curriculum that’s time-consuming and requires new habits from the students such as making generalizations, doing abstract reasoning, remembering material from a discussion or a lab experiment. Students must study many subjects to become competitive specialists. For instance, chemistry, higher mathematics, drawing, strength of materials, foreign language, etc. Many of our students carry on research work. It goes without saying that after hard work our students need a rest. When they are tired of studying they can do some sport. There are sport clubs, sport halls, stadiums and a swimming pool for them. Being talented many students participate in different creative activities. Everybody admires the performances presented by amateur actors.

My hopes are connected with graduating from the university, finding interesting, prestige, high-paid work and making a career. Krasnoyarsk region occupies one-tenth of Russia’s total area. The region is located in the central Asian part of Russia. The region has an area of 2.34 million km2, which is ten times the size of Great Britain.

With its abundant natural resources, three million inhabitants, modern cities and thriving manufacturing sector, Krasnoyarsk Region has a flourishing economy. Vast reserves of oil and natural gas make Krasnoyarsk region a significant energy source. There are a lot of employment opportunities in my field.

I should possess the basic knowledge in such fields as: hydrocarbons origin, petroleum properties and states, methods of petroleum storage and transportation, oil refining and octane number, structure of petroleum tank farm and pipeline terminal and so on.

Petroleum engineering is a field of engineering concerned with the activities related to the production of hydrocarbons, which can be either crude oil or natural gas. Exploration and production are deemed to fall within the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry.

Exploration, by earth scientists, and petroleum engineering are the oil and gas industry's two main subsurface disciplines, which focus on maximizing economic recovery of hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs. Petroleum geology and geophysics focus on provision of a static description of the hydrocarbon reservoir rock, while petroleum engineering focuses on estimation of the recoverable volume of this resource using a detailed understanding of the physical behavior of oil, water and gas within porous rock at very high pressure.

The combined efforts of geologists and petroleum engineers throughout the life of a hydrocarbon accumulation determine the way in which a reservoir is developed and depleted, and usually they have the highest impact on field economics. Petroleum engineering requires a good knowledge of many other related disciplines, such as geophysics, petroleum geology, formation evaluation (well logging), drilling, economics, reservoir simulation, reservoir engineering, well engineering, artificial lift systems, completions and petroleum production engineering. Recruitment to the industry has historically been from the disciplines of physics, chemical engineering and mining engineering. Subsequent development training has usually been done within oil companies.

In addition to I’d like to say that knowledge of English has become an objective social need because for millions of people English is now a tool of their trade. Engineer must know English because it’s the international means for exchanging information and experience. A modern engineer can’t work with up-to-date equipment being not able to translate the manual. As Goethe said: “He, who knows no foreign language, doesn’t know his own one.”

In short, I’d like to say that my motto is only to be myself. And I’m sure everything is possible if I have faith. I’m fully aware of the difficulties of my future work. But I hope I’ll be suited to the profession I’ve chosen.

 

 

PERSONAL PROFILE WORD LIST

1. To tell the truth
2. to solve the problem
3. to make the right choice
4. In other words
5. educated, highly qualified specialists
6. to be required in all spheres of life and branches of industry
7. in order to
8. to get a higher education
9. No doubt
10. to suit one’s own interests and preferences
11. To my mind
12. to take into account
13. First and foremost
14. to consider
15. r abilities, personal taste, turn of mind and family traditions
16. as far as I remember
17. As for me
18. to enter Siberian Federal University (SibFU)
19. the School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering (Oil and Gas)
20. the most actively developing university
21. to be established in
22. to train highly qualified specialists capable of working in
23. severe conditions of the Northern areas
24. to be founded by merging
25. institution of higher education
26. to consist of
27. to set up innovative technologies
28. to contribute to the growth of socio-economic potential of the region
29. Let me introduce myself
30. I am currently a first-year part-time student of Siberian Federal University
31. I study at the School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering
32. Bachelor’s degree in
33. to be actively involved in
34. to take responsibility for
35. onshore and offshore drilling
36. to contribute
37. In my opinion
38. to be fond of playing computer games
39. However
40. a means of getting away from daily stress
41. to keep fit and relax after a rough day
42. to help me express myself
43. to treat my friends and family with something delicious
44. to work under pressure and meet tight deadlines
45. to make a positive contribution to
46. to be confident and competitive
47. a good team worker
48. to achieve excellent results
49. to offer very complex curriculum
50. time-consuming
51. to become competitive specialists
52. For instance
53. to carry on research work
54. It goes without saying
55. to be tired of
56. to participate in
57. organizational and negotiating skills
58. to be connected with graduating from the university
59. to make a career
60. to be located in the central Asian part of Russia
61. abundant natural resources
62. thriving manufacturing sector
63. flourishing economy
64. vast reserves of oil and natural gas
65. significant energy source
66. a lot of employment opportunities
67. My major is
68. Petroleum Engineering
69. In fact
70. to develop methods of enhancing the productivity of oil and gas wells
71. to organize the work of petroleum tank farm and oil refinery
72. to obtain as many barrels of crude oil as possible
73. to realize one’s abilities and skills, full potential
74. in order to succeed in Petroleum industry
75. to be confident, active, goal-oriented, hard-working person
76. with high level of responsibility and high profound knowledge
77. to raise one’s educational level and absorb useful information from different sources
78. to possess the basic knowledge in
79. hydrocarbons origin
80. petroleum properties and states
81. methods of petroleum storage and transportation
82. oil refining and octane number
83. structure of petroleum tank farm and pipeline terminal
84. to be involved in many aspects of the oil and gas industry
85. to deal with
86. to be responsible for transforming crude oil and natural gas into finished products
87. to design and operate natural gas processing plants
88. to design instruments to measure and control processes
89. In addition to
90. an objective social need
91. a tool of the trade
92. the international means for exchanging information and experience
93. In short
94. I’d like to say that my motto is
95. to be fully aware of
96. to design the large processes units
97. to occur
98. multi-story distillation tower

100.to improve the operation of plants and pipelines

Текст №2 – прочитать и письменно перевести текст, выучить 25 слов и выражений, подготовить краткий пересказ (10-15 предложений) на основе данного текста.

1. oil exploration/discovering - нефтепоисковые работы; поиски нефти; разведка на нефть

2. oil extraction/recovery - добыча; извлечение (нефти, газа)

3. oil refining - переработка нефти; очистка нефти и нефтепродуктов

4. oil tanker - танкер, нефтевоз, нефтеналивное судно

5. pipeline - нефтепровод

6. upstream - сектор по разработке месторождений и добыче сырья в нефтегазовом бизнесе

7. downstream - сектор по переработке, транспортировке, хранению и реализации нефтепродуктов в нефтегазовом бизнесе

8. E&P (exploration and production) - разведка и добыча

9. natural gas and crude oil fields - месторождения нефти и газа

10. hydrocarbon reservoir - нефтегазоносный пласт, залежь, месторождение углеводородов

11. gasoline/petrol - бензин

12. lubricants - смазочные материалы

13. jet fuel - реактивное топливо

14. fuel oil - нефтяное топливо, мазут

15. the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) - Организация стран-экспортеров нефти, ОПЕК

16. solvent - растворяющее вещество, сольвент(растворитель)

17. barrel(s) of oil per year ("bbl" is 42 U.S. gallons) - баррель, единица измерения объема нефти, равная 42 галлонам или 158,988 литрам

18. LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) - сжиженный газ

19. fully-integrated oil and gas company - многоотраслевая нефтяная компания (ведущая добычу, переработку и транспортировку нефти)

20. independent oil and gas producers – независимые нефтедобывающие компании (разведка,добыча)

21. refiners and marketers – нефтеперерабатывающие заводы и предприятия по сбыту нефти и нефтепродуктов

22. pipeline operators – предприятия по транспортировке нефти и нефтепродуктов

23. service companies – сервисные компании

24. oil patch – нефтяная промышленность

25. commodity exchange – товарная биржа

Considered to be the biggest sector in the world in terms of dollar value, the oil and gas industry is a global powerhouse employing hundreds of thousands of workers worldwide as well as generating hundreds of billions of dollars globally each year. It is the business of discovering oil (petroleum), extracting it from the ground, refining it into a variety of products, and distributing it to the public. It includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing petroleum products. The oil and gas industry can be broken down into three key areas: upstream, midstream and downstream.

The Upstream component is also referred to as the E & P (exploration and production (E&P). This involves search for underwater and underground natural gas fields or crude oil fields and the drilling of exploration wells and drilling into established wells to recover oil and gas. Exploration and production (E&P) companies focus on finding hydrocarbon reservoirs, drilling oil and gas wells, and producing and selling these materials to be later refined into products such as gasoline. This activity is usually referred to as upstream oil and gas activity.

Downstream refers to the filtering of the raw materials obtained during the upstream phase. This means refining crude oil and purifying natural gas. The marketing and commercial distribution of these products to consumers and end users in a number of forms including: natural gas, diesel oil, petrol, gasoline, lubricants, kerosene, jet fuel, asphalt, heating oil, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) as well as a number of other types of petrochemicals. Midstream is generally classified under the downstream category.

The largest volumes of products of the oil and gas industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol). Petroleum is the primary material for a multitude of chemical products, including pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, solvents and plastics. Petroleum is therefore integral to many industries, and is of critical importance to many nations as the foundation of their industries.

The oil and gas industry is composed of a number of different companies and organizations that contribute to supplying refined products and natural gas. The industry is composed of fully-integrated oil and gas companies, independent oil and gas producers, refiners and marketers, pipeline operators, service companies, trade associations and government agencies. These companies are engaged in all aspects of the oil and gas industry from exploration to marketing. The average consumer is well-acquainted with these companies by virtue of their branded gasoline stations. The fully-integrated companies or majors explore for and produce oil and gas around the world, own pipelines and tankers to transport this oil and gas, have refineries to process the crude oil into refined products, and sell these products through a global network of wholesale and retail outlets.

Operating companies are those organizations that perform core functions along the value chain such as exploration and refining. E&P companies measure oil production in terms of barrels. A barrel, usually abbreviated as "bbl," is 42 U.S. gallons. Companies often describe production in terms of bbl per day or bbl per quarter. A common methodology in the oil patch is to use a prefix of "m" to indicate 1,000 and a prefix of "mm" to indicate 1 million. Therefore, 1,000 barrels is commonly denoted as "mbbl" and 1 million barrels is denoted as "mmbbl." For example, when an E&P company reports production of 7 mbbl per day, it is referring to 7,000 barrels of oil per day. Gas production is described in terms of standard cubic feet, which is a measure of gas quantity at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.65 pounds per square inch of pressure. Similar to the convention for oil, the term "mmcf" means 1 million cubic feet of gas. One billion cubic feet is denoted as "Bcf," and 1 trillion cubic feet is denoted as "Tcf." E&P companies do not usually own their own drilling equipment or employ drilling rig staff. Instead, they hire contract drilling companies to drill wells for them. Contract drilling companies generally make a living based on the amount of time they work for the E&P companies. Drilling companies do not generate revenue in a way that is tied directly to oil and gas production as is the case for E&P companies. The modern petroleum industry is structured into four types of organizations: (1) state enterprises, (2) multinational corporations, (3) the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), and (4) legally organized commodity exchanges.

Текст №3 – прочитать и письменно перевести текст, выучить 25 слов и выражений, подготовить краткий пересказ (10-15 предложений) на основе данного текста.

1. crude oil – сырая, неочищенная нефть

2. fossil fuel – ископаемое топливо

3. sediments – отложения

4. to be extracted – добывать, извлекать нефть

5. chemical composition– химический состав

6. sulfur – сера

7. gasoline – бензин

8. tar pits – скопление природных битумов

9. underground reservoir– подземный нефтегазоносный пласт, залежь, месторождение

10. well, oil-well, hole, bore-hole – нефтяная скважина

11. non-renewable source – не возобновляемый природный ресурс

12. to consume– потреблять, расходовать

13. peak oil – пиковый уровень добычи нефти

14. plant debris – растительные остатки

15. sedimentary basin – осадочный бассейн

16. hydrocarbons – углеводороды

17. to be pumped from the ground – выкачивать из недр земли

18. to seep out toward the surface – просачиваться на поверхность

19. a layer of rock – слой породы

20. impermeable – непроницаемый

21. structural trap – структурная ловушка

22. porosity – пористость пласта

23. sandstone – песчаник

24. to be measured in barrels – измеряться в баррелях

25. algae – морская водоросль

 

Petroleum (also known as crude oil or simply oil) is a fossil fuel that was formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms.

Millions of years ago, algae and plants lived in shallow seas. After dying and sinking to the seafloor, the organic material mixed with other sediments and was buried. Over millions of years under high pressure and high temperature, the remains of these organisms transformed into what we know today as fossil fuels. Coal, natural gas, and petroleum are all fossil fuels that formed under similar conditions.

Today, petroleum is found in vast underground reservoirs where ancient seas were located. Petroleum reservoirs can be found beneath land or the ocean floor. Their crude oil is extracted with giant drilling machines.

The earliest known oil wells were drilled in China as early as 350 CE. The wells were drilled almost 244 meters (800 feet) deep using strong bamboo bits. The oil was extracted and transported through bamboo pipelines. It was burned as a heating fuel and industrial component.
Crude oil is usually thick, black or dark brown, but can also be yellowish, reddish, tan, or even greenish. Variations in color indicate the distinct chemical compositions of different supplies of crude oil. Petroleum that has few metals or sulfur, for instance, tends to be lighter (sometimes nearly clear).

Crude oil is composed of hydrocarbons, which are mainly hydrogen (about 13% by weight) and carbon (about 85%). Other elements such as nitrogen (about 0.5%), sulfur (0.5%), oxygen (1%), and metals such as iron, nickel, and copper (less than 0.1%) can also be mixed in with the hydrocarbons in small amounts.

The amount of petroleum in a reservoir is measured in barrels or tons. An oil barrel is about 42 gallons. This measurement is usually used by oil producers in the United States. Oil producers in Europe and Asia tend to measure in metric tons. There are about 6 to 8 barrels of oil in a metric ton. The conversion is imprecise because different varieties of oil weigh different amounts, depending on the amount of impurities.

Crude oil is frequently found in reservoirs along with natural gas. In the past, natural gas was either burned or allowed to escape into the atmosphere. Now, technology has been developed to capture the natural gas and either reinject it into the well or compress it into liquid natural gas (LNG). LNG is easily transportable and has versatile uses.
Petroleum is used to make gasoline, an important product in our everyday lives. It is also processed and part of thousands of different items, including tires, refrigerators, life jackets, and anesthetics.
There are huge quantities of petroleum found under Earth’s surface and in tar pits that bubble to the surface. Petroleum even exists far below the deepest wells that are developed to extract it.
However, petroleum, like coal and natural gas, is a non-renewable source of energy. It took millions of years for it to form, and when it is extracted and consumed, there is no way for us to replace it.
Oil supplies will run out. Eventually, the world will reach “peak oil,” or its highest production level. Some experts predict peak oil could come as soon as 2050. Finding alternatives to petroleum is crucial to global energy use, and is the focus of many industries.
Refining petroleum is the process of converting crude oil or bitumen into more useful products, such as fuel or asphalt.
Crude oil comes out of the ground with impurities, from sulfur to sand. These components have to be separated. This is done by heating the crude oil in a distillation tower that has trays and temperatures set at different levels.

Propane, kerosene, and other components condense on different tiers of the tower, and can be individually collected. They are transported by pipeline, ocean vessels, and trucks to different locations, to either be used directly or further processed.

Oil was not always extracted, refined, and used by millions of people as it is today. However, it has always been an important part of many cultures.

Oil is a major component of modern civilization. In developing countries, access to affordable energy can empower citizens and lead to higher quality of life. Petroleum provides transportation fuel, is a part of many chemicals and medicines, and is used to make crucial items such as heart valves, contact lenses, and bandages. Oil reserves attract outside investment and are important for improving countries’ overall economy.

 

Текст №4 – прочитать и письменно перевести текст, выучить 25 слов и выражений, подготовить краткий пересказ (10-15 предложений) на основе данного текста.