1 In order to watch a meteor storm, the team stayed up all night.
2 A new advertising campaign kicked off to that launch a new smart phone.
3 I am doing a PR course so that I could go into advertising.
4 I have drawn a chart for you to see the difference.
5 They are willing to sell the technology with a view to making a quick profit while the going’s good.
6 We have done research in order to see which processed foods were most popular.
7 I always lock my drawer for fear somebody looks in it overnight.
UNIT 2
PRACTISING SKILLS
Text 1 (B2)
1. C
2. F
3. B
4. A
5. D
E is extra.
Text 2 (C1)
1. pressure
2. embodied
3. precedence
4. disregarded
5. admittance
6. alternative
7. expectations
8. embedded
9. paradoxical
10. insistence
11. application
12. requirements
13. imperfectly
14. likelihood
EFFECTIVE WRITING
Exercise 1. Suggested answers
| Research question | Aim of study |
| Do children learn gender stereotypes from watching television? | To investigate the relationship between television viewing time and gender stereotyped attitudes in children. |
| Is drug therapy the best way of treating anxiety disorders? | To compare the success rates of drug therapy with behavioural, cognitive and psychodynamic therapies in the treatment of OCD. |
| How are students in this school/college taught? | To investigate the range of different teaching and learning strategies used in classes in this school/college. |
| Are there better ways of teaching the students in this school or college? | To investigate the effect of switching from passive to active teaching and learning strategies on student achievement. |
| How is ‘the garbage can’ model affecting risk management decisions? | To establish the extent to which the 'garbage can' model might influence risk management decisions in the public sector |
| What are the advantages of plate fixation in post-operative treatment of fractures? | To compare plate fixation to external fixation in patients who have undergone surgical treatment of fractures |
Exercise 3
1. a) Puts the problem into a wider context.
2. b) Adds substance to a literary, provocative, or imaginative title.
3. b) Qualifies the geographic scope of the research.
4. a) Qualifies the temporal scope of the research.
5. a) Specifies the problem.
UNIT 3
PRACTISING SKILLS
Text 1 (B2)
1. D
2. A
3. E
4. B
5. G
6. C
F is extra.
Text 2 (C1)
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. D
EFFECTIVE WRITING
Exercise 2
A) B1/B2. Suggested answers
1 I knew I couldn’t pass the exam. Therefore, I didn’t sign up and decided to practice more to improve my English.
2 The fastest these animals can run is about 65 kph and in consequence their hunting methods have to be very efficient.
3 As you have no time to waste, you will have to get down to work immediately.
4 Because the rain had poured for three days in a row, the town was flooded.
5 Many roads are flooded. As a result, there are long delays.
6 The Red Cross has not been allowed to inspect the camps, and for this reason little is known about them.
7 Since he speaks very little English, I talked to him through an interpreter.
B) B2/C1
1 She complained of stiffness in her joints. Accordingly she was admitted to hospital for further tests.
2 The Cold War has ended. Consequently, the two major world powers have been able to reduce their arms budgets dramatically.
3 Because these were the only films we'd seen of these people, we got the impression that they did nothing else but dance to classical music.
4 Japan has a massive trade surplus with the rest of the world. As a consequence, it can afford to give more money to the Third World.
5 The computer has become smaller and cheaper and hence more available to a greater number of people.
6 I'm not a member of the Church of England myself. Thus, it would be rather impertinent of me to express an opinion.
7 If I am to accept certain limitations on my freedom, I must be assured that others are accepting the same restraints. Therefore, an income policy has to be controlled if it is to be effective.
8 It is believed that some bacteria are more resistant nowadays owing to the overuse of antibiotics.
UNIT 4
PRACTISING SKILLS
Text 1 (B2)
1. racticing
2. has developed
3. must be geared
4. more effective
5. are engaged
6. valuable
7. won't thrive
8. existing
9. initiatives
10. successful
11. intellectually
12. are not alienated
13. prerequisite
Text 2 (C1)
1. I
2. H
3. C
4. F
5. D
6. G
7. A
8. J
9. K
10. B
E is extra.
Text 3 (C1)
1. B
2. F
3. C
4. E
5. D
6. A
G is extra.
UNIT 5
PRACTISING SKILLS
Text 1 (B2)
1. hasn’t been tempted
2. are done
3. trivial
4. don’t have to
5. invited
6. relying
7. ineffective
8. equations
9. didn’t have
10. frantically
11. sporadically
12. simulations
Text 2 (B2/C1)
1. H
2. F
3. B
4. C
5. E
6. H
7. I
8. A
G is extra.
Text 3 (B2/C1)
G
D
B
F
C
H
A
E is extra.
EFFECTIVE WRITING
Exercise 2
B: the horizontal axis (or the x axis) C: a solid line
A: the vertical axis (or the y axis) D: a broken line
F: the scale E: a dotted line
Exercise 3
1 H The investment level rose suddenly.
2 B The sales of our products fell slightly in the final quarter.
3 D The Research and Development budget has stabilized over the past few years.
4 F At the end of the first year, sales stood at 50 per cent of the present level.
5 A The price reached a peak before falling a little and then maintaining the same level.
6 E There has been a steady increase in costs over several years.
7 G The sudden collapse in share prices has surprised everyone.
8 C The value of the shares has shown a steady decline.