THE SIMPLE SENTENCE
PARTS OF THE SENTENCE
The Subject
Exercise 1 p. 185. Find the subject and state what it is expressed by. Translate the sentences into Russian:
1. Between him and the four other brothers who were present there was much difference, much similarity. (Gls.) 2. There was no getting anything out of them. (Gls.) 3. When so much had been written about Charles Strickland, it may seem unnecessary that I should write more. (M) 4. Today, somehow, seemed different. It was not sunny and he didn't feel lucky today. (I.Sh.) 5. The stronger among the girls ran about and engaged in active games. (Ch.B) 6. Thirty is a good age to begin all anew yet. (Ab) 7. His was a lucky lot. (Lck) 8. What I want is sea air. (Gls.) 9. Sitting in the presidium has the advantage of allowing one to study the audience. (Lnd) 10. To have had the privilege of taking part in such an event is a happiness for which I can never be sufficiently grateful to the Soviet people. (Lnd)
Exercise 2 p. 185. Analyse the pronoun it used as the subject in the following sentences.
1. At nine o'clock the next morning I went out. It was cold and rainy. At the first, corner I came upon a man who seemed strangely familiar. It was Uncle Caesar, an old Negro, who wore the most remarkable coat that I had ever seen or expected to see. It was very long and had been grey. But rain, and sun, and age had so changed it that it was impossible to name the colour. Once it must have been the military coat of an officer. But now all its buttons were gone except one. The second button from the top only remained. (After O. Henry) 2. The evening grew darker, and, the roads being crossed by gates, it was not safe to drive. 3. "Is it education that makes you behave as you do?" Sarie asked. (Ab) 4. It is impossible for reality to be concealed from the people forever. (Pl) 5. It was quite unexpected her putting the mother that question. (Wld) 6. It happened several days before he arrived. (Lnd)
Exercise 3 p. 186. Insert there or it and analyse the pronoun it.
1.... were many people in the room;... was very stuffy. 2.... is high time to begin our work. 3.... is no time left. 4.... has been no rain for some days. 5. The next day... was still raining. 6.... was twenty degrees in the shade. 7.... was nothing to be seen. 8. The translation was easy;... took me very little time. 9. The text was easy;... took me very little time to translate it. 10.... was deep snow at the foot of the hill. 11.... was snowing hard. 12. At that moment... came a knock at the door. … was a postman. 13. I'm afraid... is no preventing it. 14.... is no use our wasting time talking about it. 15.... is no sense in our wasting time talking about it. 16. Something clanked and rattled outside.... was the dog's chain. Then... was a sudden furious barking. Pat's heart began to thump. "Perhaps... is Bob coming back," he thought. 17.... is a storm coming on! 18.... remained only to sign the document. 19.... was still very early and... was nobody to be seen in the street. 20.... were many villages on the road to town. 21.... was three kilometres from the village to the town. 22. I am sure... is a rule for it and... is not the rule you refer to; but I cannot remember it, though. 23. By now... was no mistaking the twinkle in his eyes.
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Exercise 5 p. 187. Translate into English using the construction with the emphatic it.
1. Вот здесь мы в прошлом году разбили лагерь. 2. Так это ваш друг написал такую интересную статью? 3. Они-то и посоветовали мне обратиться к вам. 4. Как раз этот вопрос меня тревожит. 5. Важно не количество, а качество. 6. Именно из-за вашей небрежности произошел несчастный случай. 7. И вот в таком радостном настроении мы возвращались домой. 8. Это вы ввели меня в краску. 9. Не иначе как мои двоюродные братья сыграли надо мной эту шутку. 10. Первыми заметили пожар дети. 11. С большим трудом мы добрались туда. 12. Не столько его слова, сколько его тон показался мне странным.
The Predicate
Exercise 1 p. 187. State the type of the predicate.
1. I thought that all I was doing was trying to keep a roof over our heads. 2. I couldn't feel my heart. It had stopped beating (Jr) 3. This morning, as it fell out, Christine was not looking her best. (Crn) 4. Time may come when it (the money) might be of some use to you. (Hn) 5. When he began going less regularly to her home he began also to feel ashamed of himself. (Gls.) 6. She couldn’t stop being angry. 7. Nothing is going to hарреn to you; and I suppose it wouldn't be the end of the worldif anything did. (Sh) 8. He went on eating a while in silence. (DuM) 9. And then he (Uncle Podger) would lift up the picture, and drop it, and it would come out of the frame and he would try to save the glass and cut himself. (JR) 10. This young man used sometimes to take tea with Miss Pinkerton. (Th) 11. Gradually, Andrew came to see that it was not a social but really a business occasion. (Crn) 12. Mrs. Thornton has not been able to drink her coffee today. (Crn) 13. And at the sound of his words in his own ears his heart gave a leap. (Lnd)
Exercise 2 p. 188. Fill in the blanks with one of the following link-verbs.
to become, to fall, to get, to go, to grow, to keep, to remain, to run, to turn
1. The cloud lengthened out until it... a narrow line. 2. And how are you? — We (not)... younger. 3. I have known the family, father and son, so long that I... confused sometimes. 4. James... more and more alarmed. 5. His hands, slack behind him,... fists. 6. I can stand the strain no longer, I... mad if it goes on like this. 7. At my cry he... as pale as death. 8. The ship... smaller and smaller in the distance. 9. He... yellow, then blue; suppressed anger showed on his face. 10. When I entered they all... silent. 11. The boy... silent for some time. 12. A gale from the west... stronger. 13. Carrie... rapidly famous. 14. Something must... wrong. 15. We... awake all night. 16. (Not)... excited! 17. They came back before it... dark. 18. This small river... dry every summer. 19. The weather... cold and windy. 20. Hurry up! It... late. 21. The bread... stale.
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Exercise 3 p. 188. State by what part of speech the predicatives are expressed in the following sentences.
1. Beauty is alive and everlasting. (Lnd) 2. He was off at once. (But) 3. His first impulse was to cross to the other side to avoid the oncoming figure. (Crn) 4. Earnest was much distressed. (But) 5. I was seventeen, so was she. (Sh) 7. Mother's grudge against Father had been his never consenting to take out 1ife-insurance. (Hm) 8. If Harris's eyes fill with tears, you can bet it is because Harris has been eating raw onions. (Jr) 9. He was only twenty-one and he had never been in love before. (Lnd) 10. Further events were of little importance. (MS)
Exercise 4 p. 188. Insert used to or would.
1. His hair doesn't curl as it... once. 2. I knew him by his voice. I should have never known him by sight because of his beard. He... have only a moustache. 3. When dusk came and it grew cooler he... sit out of doors watching the street life. 4. Aunt Hester had got off to sleep in the bedroom that... be Aunt Juley's. 5. Sister Swartz... wake at night and lie still for hours. 6. Do you like the circus? — I... when a child. 7. It was a well remembered road. He... walk down the same rusty path, and his heart... quicken as it... quicken at the thought of seeing her. 8. I want to see you bright and happy as you... be long, long ago.
Exercise 5 p. 189. Translate the following into Russian paying special attention to the rendering of the predicate.
1. Soames stood invisible at the top of the stairs watching Irene sort the letters brought by the last post. (Gls.) 2. I had walked into that reading-room a happy, healthy man. I crawled out a decrepit wreck. (Jr) 3. The gates swung shut behind the strikebreakers. (Sxt) 4. Young Groom awoke stiff and unconscious of where he was. (Gls.) 5. The stars came out very sharp and bright. (Lnd) 6. The signs of the bars and restaurants winked red and green and blue in the many-coloured darkness. (Sxt) 7. The note-book in front of him lay open, but his mind was still on his father. (Ab) 8. The road stretched out white across the plain. (Mlt) 9. I sat for a while frozen with horror. (Jr)
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Exercise 6 p. 189. Compare the predicates in each group of sentences and translate them into Russian.
1. a) The children were amusing. b) The children were amusing her. 2. a) The carriage rode away, the great gates were closed; the bell rang for the dancing lesson. (Th) b) The exhibition is already closed. 3. a) The dead silence within was broken only by a regular beat. (Hrd) b) What I noticed first was that the window was broken. 4. a) Jesse kept silent. (Mlt) b) I kept glancing at my watch. c) What keeps them dancing till five o'clock in the morning? (Dr) 5. a) He banged open the door and stumbled into the room. b) The door banged open and Johnny stumbled into the kitchen. (Sxt) 6. a) Tell him he must come dead or alive. (Tw) b) His dreams came true. c) Soon I came to realize how wrong I had been. d) The sheep came flocking into the pen. 7. a) It seemed to me that something was wrong. b) Now in sleep, he seemed to look thinner than she considered him to be. (Mlt) c) His feet seemed unwilling to carry him. 8. a) A servant was to accompany them. (Dr) b) The only thing to do was to pay Ellen her wages. (But) 9. a) Clyde felt the strong public contempt that the majority of those present had for him. (Dr) b) He did not feel so hungry as he thought he should. (Jr) 10. a) She turned to look at some of the others. (Dr) b) Chris turned pale. (Crn) 11. a) And now she began to act for herself. (Th) b) Thus the world began for these two girls. (Th) 12. a) It was his best suit and it was becoming uncomfortably tight. (Ab) b) What a lovely hat! Isn't it becoming? c) In the centre of the room,... as became a host, stood the head of the family, Old Jolyon himself. (Gls.) 13. a) The state of the patient continued to be grave. b) They continued their work paying no attention to the slashing rain. c) The tone of his voice continued dry and cold.
Exercise 7 p. 190. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the correct form of the verb. Pay attention to the rules of agreement.
1. Official news (to be) brief. 2. Have some bread and butter. The bread and butter (to be) on the counter. 3. A box as well as abook (to be stolen). 4. The wedding party (to be forced) to abandon their cars and literally to fight their way into the Old Town Hall on foot. 5. The cattle (to be all gone), probably driven off. 6. It utterly spoils an excursion if you have folk in the boat who (to be thinking) all the time a good deal more of their dress than of the trip. 7. His yacht struck a reef and sank somewhere off the North of Scotland; and he managed to swim to an uninhabited island. All the rest (to be drowned.) 8. None of them (to be going) to get against me. 9. The Himalayas (to be) the eastern end of a great series of folded mountains. 10. The works (to be) to be closed. 11. It is I who (to be buying) this house. 12. The ten years he had lived in the North (to have changed) him greatly. 13. The Merry Wives of Windsor (to be) one of the best comedies in English literature. 14. I don't care what your family (to say). It's all their doing. I am going to live a new life. 15. Forty guineas for a room each week (to be) not an uncommon figure at that time. 16. My brother as well as I (to be) ready to accompany you to the station. 17. Three metres (to be) not enough for this dress. 18. It (to be) his stories that amused me so much. 19. Who (to be) these people? 20. There's just one or two little things that (to be worrying) me, doctor. 21. I've never seen anything quite like that meeting; every man, woman, and child in the city (to be) there. 22. Harry and I (to be) pals all our lives. 23. The majority of the people (to have) their minds made up.
The Object
Exercise 1 p. 196. Analyse the type of object.
1. Where are the papers you have brought me? 2. Is it not strange that we hear nothing from the boys? The telegram was sent them two weeks ago. 3. Smiling a broad smile, the old man watched the children playing in the garden. 4. It did not occur to Kim to wonder what Bosinney had done after they had left him there alone. (Gls.) 5. We all felt relieved to hear of the fishermen having safely arrived home. 6. James sat with his hand behind his ear, his eyes fixed upon his son. He was proud of him! (Gls.) 7. I meant to have given you a sovereign this morning. I'll give it to you this afternoon. (CD) 8. The gardener gave the fence a new coat of paint. 9. When I called on him I found him busy arranging books in anew bookcase he had bought. 10. I am glad to hear you say you are well. (CD) 11. Clyde turned into a side street and waited for his mother to pass. (Dr)
Exercise 2 p. 196. Compare the objects given in bold type.
1. a) Fetch your friend a chair, b) Fetch your friend to the party. 2. a) Don't keep the books too long; return them in due time, b) The neighbours asked me when you could return them their books. 3. a) Here is the article; give it to the editor, b) Look at the suit. How can you be wearing it? You should have given it a good brush before putting it on. 4. a) His voice refused him. b) You can't refuse him artistry.
Exercise 3 p. 196. Make up sentences with the following phrases taking Exercise 2 as a model.
ask him, envy her, sell them, show her, offer them, send her, buy them, find me, bring him, give it, forgive me, teach us
Exercise 4 p. 197. Make up sentences using the following verbs with two non-prepositional objects.
cause, excuse, pay, deny, make, save, fetch, leave, refuse, do, lend, pass, get, promise,
Exercise 5 p. 197. Insert the preposition to where necessary.
1. I have told this... you so that you may take precautions. 2 John gave the book... me so that I might learn the rhyme. 3. Not finding him at the office she left... him a note informing him of our arrival. 4. They showed... us a list of the goods to be sold at the auction. 5. We have sent invitations... the parties participating in the agreement. 6. No difficulties would have arisen if he had explained everything... me in due time. 7. He mentioned... me the title of the novel that he had read long ago. 8. Knowing the English language well, he can translate... you this article without any dictionary. 9. I remember introducing you... her. 10. Pass … me the salt, please 11. Why can't you prove... your brother that you simply had to do so? 12. What did you suggest... them?
Exercise 6 p. 197. Change the place of the indirect or prepositional object, where possible, making all other necessary changes.
1. I shall explain to you my viewpoint on the matter again some other time. 2. If he promised his help to you, you may be sure he'll keep his word. 3. The commander gave instructions to the scouts. 4. It took him a long time to learn this poem by heart. 5. He can't have offered you such a strange proposition. 6. The other day Joseph told me a funny story. If you do be silent, I'll retell it to you. 7. The chairman allowed half an hour to each speaker. 8. Only this morning did the reconnaissance group bring the long-expected information to the chief of the party. 9. "You always caused me a lot of trouble when you were a boy," said the mother to the son as they were talking of the years past. 10. If you happen to call at the bookshop, buy me and Helen the new edition of the textbook. 11. Leave a note for him with the secretary; it will spare you the necessity of waiting. 12. How much did the purchase cost you? — It cost me some twenty pounds.
The Attribute
Exercise 1 p. 199. Underline the attributes, state whether they are loose or close and state what they are expressed by.
1. Roger had a high forehead and the freshest colour of any of the Forsytes. (Gls.) 2. He knew him as intimately as he knew Henry Brace Bridge, of Cleveland, and George Knoweles, of Cincinnati. (Dr) 3. When she returned he was still standing there like a man of stone. 4. Amongst the last of the departing guests the fourth and fifth brothers, Nicholas and Roger, walked away together, directing their steps alongside Hyde Park. (Gls.) 5. She thought of the night, nearly two years ago, when she came back by this train with the news of Hubert's release and found her father sitting up, grey and worn, in his study. (Gls.) 6. Through Aunt Ann's compressed lips a tender smile forced its way. (Gls.) 7. Old Jolyon has got nobody else to leave his money to. (Gls.) 8. It was a warm, alive face, very womanly. (Mlt) 9. There came a girl with a face beautiful and attractive. (Mlt) 10. Roger was that remarkable Forsyte who had conceived and carried out the notion of bringing up his four sons to a new profession. (Gls.) 11. Recalling that never-to-be-forgotten day, they always exchange understanding smiles. 12. The glimps of her, all unaware of him, soothed Wilfrid. (Gls.) 13. There was something easy and sufficient about him. (Dr) 14. But for the sweetness of the family gossip, it must indeed have been lonely at that family gathering. 15. Denny, now abroad, knew nothing of the new degree. (Crn) 16. Her face had the hardness of a face on a coin. (Gls.)
Exercise 2 p. 200. Analyse the adverbial meaning, if any, of the loose attributes referring to the subject. Pay attention to their position in the sentence. Translate the sentences.
1. A man of action, forced into a state of thought, is unhappy until he can get out of it. (Gls.) 2. Tall, straight-shouldered, neither lean nor stout, he was an imposing figure. (Dr) 3. Captain Slots, standing beside him, was unknown. (Ald) 4. Furious, he did not answer, feeling himself in an utterly false position. (Crn) 5. And on Monday morning, weary, he began the new week's work. (Lnd) 6. Brissenden lay sick in his hotel, too feeble to stir out. (Lnd) 7. Wilfrid, lying on the divan in a dark dressing-gown, sat up. (Gls.) 8. Baumer took a deep breath. Then, low-voiced, he replied, "I knew it." (Mlt) 9. Of an age which refused to declare itself, short and square, with a deep soft voice, he had an appearance of complete detachment. (Gls.) 10. Dead, he would have been safe; wounded, he was caught like a rat in a trap. (Mlt) 11. Faced by Ferse's fate — what would one do? (Gls.)
Exercise 3 p. 200. Find the proper place for the attribute in brackets. Put commas where necessary.
1.... the voice... came back to him.... (rich and resonant). 2. He said it in a... voice.... (full of exclamation stops). 3.... he was a man.... (with the Calvin type of face). 4.... the thin, dark, smallish man... grinned. (with a face rather like a bird's) 5.... he was a handsome man.... (blond, fair-skinned, with clean, strong, chiselled features). 6. He saw a small hard man... arguing with an old woman.... (in grey pants and short sports jacket). 7.... to me... it seemed as if he were a magician.... (sitting at. his feet). 8.... Grey curls banded her forehead, curls that... had extinguished in the family all sense of time. (unchanged for decades). 9. There was... something... in her... little... household. (very charming). 10. We saw him... in the company of a... girl.... (gay and elated; young and pretty).
The Adverbial Modifier
Exercise 1 p. 201. State whether the phrases in bold type are adverbial modifiers, objects or attributes.
1. He was a snob without shame. (M) 2. He was telling lies without shame. 3. This court, encircled by a gallery on the upper floor, was roofed with a glass roof, supported by eight columns running up from the ground. (Gls.) 4. I've tried to plan a house here with some self-respect of its own. (Gls.) 5. "That ought to come down," he said, pointing to the oak-tree. "You think so? You think that with the tree there you don't get enough view for your money?" (Gls.) 6. When her hand was refused, June put it behind her. Her eyes grew steady with anger. (Gls.) 7. The talk in the neighbourhood reflected the same feeling, and indignation against Martin ran high. (Lnd) 8. Father Enstein said he could show me places in the neighbourhood that he didn't think I'd be likely to discover for myself. (M) 9. This, and the solid mud on his high boots, made him Cromwellian. (Ald) 10. The light from the rose-shaded lamp fell on her neck and arms. (Gls.) 11. After luncheon, he enjoyed walking about in the dining-room with his cigar. (CD) 12. Bosinney stepped in after her. (Gls.) 13. Lovely weather after the rain, is it not? (V.) 14. He turned to Michael, "I've often told you, Michael, that life today can be very difficult for more than the working class." (Gls.) 15. Then Bini wrote and told me to pass through Pisa today on my way home, so that I could come here. (V.) 16. Do you know the situation at present in nuclear physics? (W) 17. My position is a discouraging one at present. 18. Before him extended the heavy mass of the university buildings. (W). 19. Bosinney and Irene arrived before them. (Gls.)
Exercise 2 p. 202. Translate what is given in brackets into English using various means of expressing the adverbial modifier:
a) of time:
1. They had to leave most of the things they had packed up (заранее). 2. They booked tickets (заранее). 3. It rained (в течение трех дней), but the roads dried up (через день). 4. (Через несколько дней) he was well again. 5. I shall be free (через пять минут). 6. I have known it (давно). 7. I knew of it (давно). 8. (Сначала) I could not understand what it was all about. 9. I think this should be done (сначала). 10. (Завернув за угол), he saw a crowd of people. 11. He must have been very handsome (когда был молодым). 12. Earnest (никогда) smiled (когда шутил). 13. She lived in the country (в течение всего лета). 14. (Во время каникул) I (часто) went to the theatre. 15. The train had (едва) stopped (как она соскочила на платформу). 16. (Сказав все, что он хотел), he took his hat and went away.
b) of place:
1. (У входа) he found the carriage waiting for him. 2. (Ha пляже) I watched the people basking (на солнце). 3. A dog ran (из-за дома) and barked at me. 4. She seated the boy (на его обычное место, слева от себя). 5. Не opened the window and looked (в сад). 6. We took a short cut (через поле). 7. We passed (через лес) and came (на поляну).
c) of manner and attending circumstances:
1. Mr. Traffy drank his wine (одним глотком). 2. He drove away (как ветер). 3. They went down (рука в руке). 4. She returned (с радостным чувством на сердце). 5. I sleep (с открытым окном). 6. "Who is knocking at the door?" he asked (громким голосом). 7. Who could ever think him to be capable of acting (таким образом). 8. Sam looked (по сторонам, как будто собираясь убежать). 9. Disjointed pictures flashed (одна за другой) through my bewildered mind. 10. Everyone was already asleep, and we talked (шепотом). 11. We walked rapidly (с опущенной головой, ни на что не обращая внимания).
d) of degree:
1. I'm (бесконечно) obliged to you. 2. Mr. Bunting was (глубоко) shocked. 3. The effect of the medicine was (довольно) strong. 4. He was asleep, lying on his back, with his head turned (немного) to one side and an arm flung out. 5. The last couple of days tired him (очень). 6. You are really (совсем) ill. 7. She was (несколько) surprised at seeing me. 8. Mr. Bunting had а (достаточно) modest opinion of his brain power, and even of his courage. 9. This is how Mr. Bunting knew his (действительно) bad days.
e) of cause (or reason):
1. Julie suddenly choked (от смеха). 2. Much exhausted, and suffering greatly now (из-за недостатка пищи), Jane turned aside into a lane and sat down under the hedge. 3. In the story Love of Life Jack London described a man who nearly died (от голода). 4. It all happened (не по моей вине). 5. We actually were falling off our feet (от изнеможения). 6. I fell silent, (не зная, что сказать). 7. (Больше нечего было добавить), we closed the discussion.
Exercise 3 p. 203. Complete the following using non-finite forms, syntactical complexes or clauses as adverbial modifiers:
a) of purpose:
1. "I stepped aside so as (not)....2. Move aside so that.... 3. The man raised his hand, for.... 4. The man covered the upper half of his face with the brim of his hat in order that.... 5. Take your umbrella and galoshes lest....6. People lifted their children onto their shoulders.... 7. He took off his hat so that (the people behind)....
b) of result:
1. The day was too cold....2. The day was so cold.... 3. It is so thick a book.... 4. It was too thick a book....5. He knows the subject sufficiently well.... 6. We had fuel enough.... 7. He was not competent enough....8. The wind was such.... 9. He was so intent on his work.... 10. You have only to say a word.... 11. He is too much of a gentleman....
Exercise 4 p. 204. Use the following phrases as adverbial modifiers:
a) of time:
on that memorable evening, in the evening, of an evening, in a moment, for a moment, long before, before long, since that day, from that day on, this time, some other time, at times, when ready, coming home, all done, while in town, not until I see it for myself, in answering the question, upon later recollection, on his return
b) of place:
by the fire, from under the table, in the air, at a distance, in the distance, over a distance, out into the street, throughout the world, down this way, where the roads crossed
c) of manner or attending circumstances:
without a word, in gratitude, at a go, looking neither left nor right, in confidence, under his breath, by a strange coincidence, as if to say something, through clenched teeth, with her eyes wide open, by this new tactics, with impatience, by practising regularly, as he used to do
d) of degree:
greatly (embarrassed, disappointed); somewhat (difficult, dangerous, different); completely (worn out, ruined, destroyed); perfectly (well, all right); (not) enough (convenient, fortunate, convincing); deeply (interested, involved); rather (pale, young, beautiful); (filled) to the brim; (packed) to capacity; (crowded) to overflowing; at the utmost; to perfection; to a considerable degree; to such an extent
e) of cause (or reason):
for want of sleep (anything better to read, rest); with anger (joy, fear, excitement); because of bad weather (fog. heavy rains); through sheer negligence; for laughing; not wanting to hurt him; it being time to part; since things haven't taken definite shape
f) of purpose:
for a swim, to catch an early train, that he might have a smoke, lest you should catch cold, for you to see the point clearly, so as not to miss a word, in order to make himself understood
g ) of concession:
for all his cleverness, whatever the consequences, even if he does not know the language, cold as it was, in spite of all this, although much older, no matter how difficult, if somewhat formal
h) of condition:
but for (the frost, the lucky chance); if mistaken (necessary, possible); should you chance upon something of the kind; unless tried; supposing he does not give his consent; if need be; regarded as a fact in isolation; in the event of failure; had it not been for
SYNTACTICAL COMPLEXES
The Complex Subject
Exercise 1 p. 205. Paraphrase the following so as to use a complex subject.
a) 1. He was a very gloomy man. Nobody ever saw him smile or look happy. 2. We know Bernard Shaw to have been a very witty man. 3. The father did not allow anybody to touch anything on his desk. 4. People consider the climate there to be very healthful. 5. We heard a car pull up at the curb. 6. Nothing could make him understand the situation. 7. Who do they suspect to have done this? 8. Everybody heard him say that in so many words.
b) 1. It was announced that the Polish dancers were arriving next week. 2. It is expected that the performance will be a success. 3. It is said that this book is popular with both old and young. 4. It is believed that the poem was written by an unknown soldier. 5. It is supposed that the playwright is working at a new comedy. 6. It was understood that the parties had come to an agreement. 7.It is reported that the flood has not caused much damage to the crop. 8. It was supposed that the crop would be rich that year. 9. It has been found that this mineral water is very good for the liver.
c) 1. It seems they know all about it. 2. It seems they have heard all about it. 3. It seemed that the discussion was coming to an end. 4. It seems that you don't approve of the idea. 5. It seemed that the house had not been lived in for a long time. 6. It appeared that he was losing patience. 7. It appeared that he had not heard what had been said. 8. It happened that I was present at the opening session. 9. It so happened that I overheard their conversation. 10. It proved that my prediction was correct. 11. It turned out that the language of the article was quite easy. 12. It seemed there was nothing to add.
d) 1. It is likely that the article will appear in the next issue of the journal. 2. It is not very likely that he will change his opinion. 3. It was certain that they would come to an understanding. 4. It seemed unlikely that questions of the kind should crop up. 5. We are sure that everything will turn out all right. 6. He has surely noticed it. 7. I am certain this treatment will help you a lot. 8, It is likely there will be much snow this winter.
e) 1. We heard a typewriter clattering in the next room. 2. From the shore one could see dolphins playing in the distance. 3. They kept me waiting at the door for a full five minutes. 4. Through the open window we heard a piano being played. 5. We saw parts of a broken raft carried by the water. 6. They found the door locked and the house deserted. 7. You may call it good luck. 8. The rains made the road impassable. 9. Whom do you consider responsible for it? 10. They promoted him assistant chief of the department. 11. Now we may consider the problem settled. 12. We left the dinner untouched.
Exercise 2 p. 206. Translate into English.
a), b) 1. Как известно, он был прекрасным педагогом и лектором. 2. Говорят, что экспедиция собрала очень интересный материал о природных богатствах этого района. 3. Сообщалось, что в этот район была послана большая группа строителей. 4. Предполагается, что в этом районе будет создан новый город. 5. Полагают, что они уже доехали до места назначения. 6. Никак не ожидали, что холода наступят так рано. 7. Как сообщают, средняя температура мая в этом году была значительно ниже, чем в прошлом. 8. Известно, что черный цвет поглощает световые лучи наиболее интенсивно. 9. Вряд ли его можно заставить сделать что-нибудь, если он этого не захочет. 10. Говорят, что этот токарь работает сейчас над новым рационализаторским предложением. 11. Полагают, что это изобретение поможет сэкономить много металла. 12. При переводе текста на экзамене студентам разрешалось пользоваться словарем.
с) 1. Оказалось, что мы уже когда-то встречались. 2. Вы, кажется, устали. Не хотите ли отдохнуть? 3. Он, кажется, начинает сердиться. 4. Он, казалось, не понимал всей серьезности положения. 5. Условия работы оказались более трудными, чем предполагалось. 6. Вам, кажется, не нравится его предложение? 7. Вы, случайно, не знаете этого человека? 8. Ничто, казалось, не нарушало тишины. 9. Он, по-видимому, был чем-то обеспокоен. 10. Вы, как будто, меня не слушаете. 11. Нам не раз довелось бывать в этих местах. 12. Я как раз был в городе, когда открывали памятник этому писателю. 13. У нас оказалось много общих знакомых. 14. Мой спутник оказался большим знатоком архитектуры. 15. Книга с самого начала показалась мне интересной. 16. Книга, которую вы мне дали, оказалась скучной. 17. Найденная кость оказалась бивнем мамонта. 18. Новые автобусы оказались очень удобными.
d) 1. Я уверен, вам эта пьеса понравится. 2. Они, конечно, сделают все, что смогут. 3. Он знал, что его обязательно об этом спросят. 4. Двух дней, пожалуй, будет достаточно. 5. Завтра утром телеграмма будет непременно доставлена. 6. Вряд ли он об этом что-либо знает. 7. Он, наверняка, все перепутает. 8. Казалось мало вероятным, чтобы возникли какие-либо затруднения. 9. Это предложение, по всей вероятности, его заинтересует. 10. Надеюсь, вряд ли будут возражения против такой повестки дня.
e) 1. Слышно было, как где-то вдалеке гудит поезд. 2. Каждый день его можно было видеть за работой в саду. 3. Из парка доносились звуки оркестра. Сквозь ограду было видно, как молодежь танцует на площадке. 4. Было слышно, как она что-то напевала, сбегая вниз по лестнице. 5. Его никогда еще не видели таким возбужденным. 6. Многое еще осталось несделанным. 7. Долгое время эту вершину считали недоступной. 8. Было холодно, и огонь в костре поддерживался всю ночь. 9. Медведь был убит наповал. 10. В баке обнаружили течь. 11. Теперь можно считать наше исследование завершенным. 12. Кого избрали председателем комитета? 13. Мальчика назвали Александром в честь деда.
Exercise 5 p. 209. Translate into Russian.
1. The Gadfly seemed to have taken a dislike to Signora Grassini from the time of their first meeting. (V.) 2. You don't seem to have done any great thing to yourself by going away. (Hrd) 3. "Jim!" he said at last, in a voice that did not seem to belong to him. (V.) 4. I did not know what I was expected to say to that, so I said nothing. 5. She never was known to have done a good action in behalf of anybody. (Th) 6. What the novelist says of the present is important because he is assumed to be expressing what is most important in the spirit of the time. (Fx) 7. Howard. Can you name somebody who was actually at the library when this was supposed to have happened? (Q and d'U.) 8. "If only someone could state definitely what we're supposed to be fighting for, I would have something to go on," said Bing. (S.H.) 9. Money just doesn't happen to interest me. (W) 10. In the middle of the lecture Dr. Sommerville happened to pause and look out of the window. (Sxt) 11. They call the Dutch krautheads or anything else they happen to think of. (Sxt) 12. We most of us want a good many things that we are not likely to get. (V.) 13. He said he could show me places in the neighbourhood that he didn't think I'd be likely to discover for myself. (M) 14. Would Soames be sure to tell him about this if he didn't ask him? (Gls.) 15. A score of young heads were seen peering out of the narrow windows. (Th) 16. From the very first mention of Long John, I had taken a fear in my mind that he might prove to be the very one-legged sailor whom I had watched for so long at the inn. (Stv) 17. One morning farm labourers on their way to work had come upon a twisted heap lying in the open. It had turned out to be Sam. (Ab)
The Complex Object
Exercise 1 p. 209. Answer the following questions.
1. Would you like me to read or to retell the story? 2. When do you expect the translation to be finished? 3. Do you want the article to be translated for to-morrow or right now? 4. I have two recordings of the song. Would you like to hear this or that choir sing? 5. Whom do you think (consider, believe) to be the most outstanding actor (composer, artist, producer)? 6. How did you let them know of it? 7. Why did you make him re-do it? 8. Which direction did you notice them go? 9. When did you order dinner to be served? 10. Do you want him to put up at the hotel or will you have him stay with us? 11. Why don't you get the children to go to bed? It's pretty late. 12. Do you want to see us do it or do you want us to watch you do it first?
Exercise 2 p. 210. Paraphrase the following using a complex object with an infinitive.
1. Out of the tail of my eye I saw that he clutched at the edge of the table. 2. I felt that somebody touched me lightly on the shoulder. 3. He heard that someone called his name. 4. We did not expect that he would return so soon. 5. The passenger ordered that his luggage should be labelled for Prague. 6. I could hardly believe that it had happened. 7. I saw that the telegraph boy handed the cable to the man. 8. He thought that he was fit for the job. 9. They heard how the woman uttered a little exclamation. 10. What I want is that you both should be happy. 11. He hated it when people argued about trifles. 12. I should like to see how he would say it to my face.
Exercise 3 p. 210. Construct a complex object with an infinitive out of the elements given in brackets.
1. Your enthusiasm makes (I, to feel) young again. 2. I did not mean (he, to follow) the instructions so blindly. 3. We don't think the producer intended (the scene, to play) like that. 4. I know (the man, to be a star boxer) in his younger days. 5. She heard (the footsteps, to die away). 6. The doctor ordered (the ward, to air). 7. He gave (I, to understand) that he did not want (the story, to let on). 8. They must be thankful for your advice. I believe (it, to do) them a lot of good. 9. He had a desire to let (life, to go on) as though nothing had changed. 10. I will not allow (myself, to tempt) into telling anybody of my intentions. 11. We considered (it, to be wrong); they couldn't make (we, to do) it. 12. I won't have (anybody, to think) ill of her. 13. It was difficult for me to get (he, to believe) me. 14. Mother used to watch (we, to play) tennis; I wonder now whom she backed. 15. I have often known (medicine, to work) wonders. 16. People who knew her felt (she, to be) a woman of strong will. 17. Each of us told a story and that made (the time, to pass). 18. I had got (they, to take) me to town in their car. 19. I would have (you, to try) to get (he, to replace) me.
Exercise 4 p. 211. Translate what is given in brackets using a complex object with an infinitive.
1. His remark made (всех чувствовать себя неловко). 2. We never had (чтобы с нами случилось что-либо подобное). 3. Let us try to get (чтобы он присоединился к нашей компании), 4. In this way she caused (чтобы ее уважали). 5. The new arrival ordered (чтобы его вещи принесли) to his room. 6. They warned (чтобы я не брался за это) before I was sure I could do it. 7. They asked (чтобы он разрешил выставить свою картину). 8. We considered (что план был вполне осуществим). 9. She could not force (чтобы не думать об этом). 10. How could you let (чтобы тебя так провели). 11. Do I understand (что вы мне это предлагаете)? 12. The garden was so enclosed and carpeted with flowers that one could hardly believe (что он находится) in the middle of a big city. 13. I only want (чтобы это было сделано) and as soon as possible. 14. He liked (чтобы все содержалось) in perfect order. 15. Now everything was changed without his having noticed. (как произошла перемена).
Exercise 5 p. 211 Paraphrase the following so as to use a complex object with an infinitive after the verbs given in brackets.
1. Somebody mentioned my name. (to hear). 2. You may be sure she won't let you down. (to rely on, to count on, to depend on). 3. With the introduction of this device the productivity of labour will considerably increase. (to enable). 4. At the thought of it I felt sad. (to cause). 5. It is very pleasant when everybody likes you. (to have). 6. When I waited in the reception room a girl came out with a file in her hands. (to see). She must have been the secretary. (to understand). 7. He shall return. They will take care of it. (to get). 8. It seemed to me that he knew more than he had said. (to suppose, to suspect). 9. Something hard struck my leg. (to feel). 10. He was taken in without being aware of it. (to let, to allow). 11. We hope that steps will be taken in this direction. (to expect). 12. A wind was rising. The windows rattled. (to make). 13. "What have I done? Why should it have happened to me?" she thought. (to have).
Exercise 6 p. 211. Translate into English making use of the verbs in brackets.
1. Я считаю, что это был благородный поступок с его стороны. (to consider, to think). 2. Я не позволю говорить такие вещи в моем присутствии. (to have, to stand, to let, to allow). 3. Я хочу, чтобы мы все были друзьями. (to want, to wish). 4. Мы много раз слышали, как он рассказывал эту историю. (to hear). 5. Она никак не могла решиться спросить его об этом. (to bring). 6. Поручите вашему секретарю сделать копию этого документа. (to have). 7. Археологи предполагают, что эти предметы использовались только как украшения. (to suppose, to believe). 8.Можем ли мы рассчитывать на то, что вы нас поддержите? (to count on, to rely on, to depend on). 9. Никто, кроме нее, не заметил, как выражение его лица неожиданно изменилось. (to see, to notice), 10. Правильно ли я понял, что вы придерживаетесь того же мнения? (to understand). 11. Поговорите с ним; постарайтесь, чтобы он отказался от своего намерения. (to get). 12. Я не помню, чтобы он когда-либо принял поспешное решение. (to know). 13. Почему вы так думаете (to make)? 14. Летом к ним приезжает много друзей. (to have). 15. Он почувствовал, как кровь бросилась ему в лицо. (to feel). 16. Он очень хороший организатор: у него все распоряжения выполняются очень аккуратно. (to cause).
Exercise 7 p. 212. Open the brackets and use an infinitive or Participle I as the second element of the complex object.
I. Seeing Bosinney (to turn) to June, Soames smiled too, but sardonically. 2. Before be turned the corner he glanced back and saw Bosinney (to follow) him slowly. 3. I saw the plate ( to slip)from her hands and (to fall) to the floor. 4. The train started, and when William looked up he saw the little station (to slip) away. 5. They stood on the platform waving their hands and watched the train (to disappear) in the distance. 6. They watched the train (to disappear) and turned to leave the platform. 7. Torp lit the gas, and Dick heard the flame (to catch). 8. They could hear the child (to breathe) quietly, asleep. 9. I felt a hand (to introduce) itself under my arm. 10. He felt somebody (to take hold) of his arm. 11. I have never seen you (to look) so well. 12. In the long silence that followed, Soames felt his mother (to press) his hand. 13. I noticed him (to give) me a look of sharpened interest. 14. We noticed it (to come) for a long time. 15. I came home from school and found them (to have) tea together. 16. They found the plant (to contain) a high percentage of sugar. 17. The recollection set him (to think). 18. A heavy blow sent him (to stagger). 19. We found it hard to keep the conversation (to go). 20. She saw him (to stop) and (to take) something out of his breast pocket. 21. He watched the people (to laugh, to talk and to move) in front of him. 22. I saw you (to sit) with your head in your hands and that's why I spoke. 23. From far away they suddenly heard a dog (to bark). 24. I felt a weight (to slip) off my heart. 25. Lord Henry felt as if he could hear Basil Hallward's heart (to beat). 26. Through the open door I could smell the coffee (to boil). 27. As he walked along, he found himself (to hum)a little. 28. I watched him (to read) his letters, saw him (to frown) at one, (to smile) at another, (to dismiss) the next with no expression.
Exercise 8 p 213. Translate into English using a complex object with an infinitive or Participle I where possible.
1. Девушка улыбнулась; я увидел, как сверкнули ее белоснежные зубы. 2. Когда мы вышли рано утром, мы увидели, что трава, кусты и деревья, покрытые росой, сверкали в лучах восходящего солнца. 3. Когда он подошел к морю, он увидел, как два рыбака стояли на берегу и складывали сети. 4. Я заметил, как девушка подняла глаза и снова их опустила. 5. Родители наблюдали, как их дети плавали, ныряли, играли в воде. 6. Я вижу, вы меня понимаете и не сердитесь на меня. 7. Надеюсь, я не заставил вас долго ждать? 8. Вы когда-нибудь видели, чтобы такое случалось? 9. Дверь комнаты была открыта, и мне было видно, как две молодые женщины оживленно разговаривали о чем-то за чашкой чая. 10. Я слыхал, что они переехали в другой город. 11. Войдя в комнату, я увидел, что отец разговаривает с каким-то человеком, которого я никогда прежде не видел. 12. Он слышал, как она вздохнула при упоминании имени ее сына. 13. Он слышал, как она вздыхала во сне. 14. Она была так занята своими мыслями, что не заметила, ни как я вошел, ни как вышел. 15. Вы когда-нибудь слышали, как он исполняет эту вещь? 16. Я слышал, что он очень хорошо исполняет эту вещь. 17. Они вышли на палубу и долго стояли там, наблюдая, как вода бурлила и пенилась за кормой. 18. В читальном зале была полная тишина, было только слышно, как шуршали переворачиваемые страницы. 19. Вы, я думаю, много читали по этому вопросу. 20. При виде родного города я почувствовала, как у меня радостно вздрогнуло сердце. 21. Я почувствовал, как силы возвращаются ко мне. 22. Я слышал, как он спросил соседа, не может ли он воспользоваться его телефоном. 23. Мы слышали, что они давно работают в этой области и сейчас проводят интересные эксперименты. 24. Шутки конферансье то и дело вызывали смех зала.
Exercise 11 p. 214. Answer the following questions.
1. What plays have you seen produced by this theatre? 2. How many times did you hear the symphony performed? 3. How do you want your letter (to be) sent, by ordinary post or by airmail? 4. Where did you order the purchases (to be) delivered? 5. Where do you have your dresses made? 6. When do you want to have dinner served? 7. Where can I get my shoes mended? 8. When would you like your luggage (to be) brought downstairs? 9. Why doesn't he allow a garage to be constructed in the backyard? 10. How did it happen that he let himself be led into the trouble?
Exercise 12 p. 214 Translate into English.
1. Пиджак мне нравится, но мне хотелось бы укоротить рукава. 2. Вы возьмете покупки с собой, или вы хотите, чтобы вам их доставили? 3. Я нашел, что он сильно изменился. 4. Мы уже два года не меняли обои в своей комнате. 5. Мальчики наблюдали, как разгружали пароход, и завидовали матросам. 6. Директор велел напечатать документ в трех экземплярах. 7. Я думаю, что мы закончим работу раньше срока. 8. У него не хватало опыта, и это давало себя знать. 9. Нам регулярно присылают журналы по этим вопросам. 10. Все слышали, как сигнал повторился. 11. Его жена — очень экономная хозяйка, она ничему не даст пропасть даром. 12. Я не хочу, чтобы об этом так часто упоминали. 13. Вы все уладили? 14. У меня есть еще несколько вопросов, на которые я хотел бы получить ответ. 15. Он добился, чтобы его туда послали. 16. Главный инженер распорядился установить эти станки в новом цехе. 17. Я не позволю менять установленного порядка. 18. Он невольно обернулся, услышав, как произнесли его имя. 19. Я увидел, что мистер Уикфилд был на несколько лет старше, чем когда с него писали этот портрет. 20. Бэзил твердо решил, что никогда не позволит выставлять портрет Дориана. 21. Это все, что у него осталось.
Exercise 13 p. 215. Translate into Russian.
1. Н i g g i n s. You find me cold, unfeeling, selfish, don't you? (Sh) 2. Soames saw his house unfinished, his wife rebellious, himself a laughing-stock. (Gls.) 3. What he Galsworthy had done names him the master realist of English drama. (Q) 4. There a strong breeze found him, blew his cap off and left him bareheaded in the doorway. (K) 5. So far as I can, I will make things easy. (Arl) 6. They wouldn't have me captain of the team. (Gls.) 7. Maisie did not consider the last question worth answering. (K) 8. I must ask you to keep it a dead secret. (Sh) 9. Her tone rendered James furious. (Gls.) 10. She had never known him so irritable. (M) 11. She felt the palm of his hand wet when she cordially grasped it. (M) 12. He had shown himself quite publicly to be a coward. (Hm) 13. He proved himself to be pathetically ignorant of the fact. (Bt) 14. The thought sent him cold with panic. (C) 15. That sets us both equal. (Hlt) 16. I call it success. (K) 17. Life is a greater riddle than some of us think it to be. (Gls.)
Exercise 14 p. 215. Paraphrase the following so as to use a complex object with the second element expressed by a nominal part of speech (with or without a linking infinitive).
1. We thought that we were lucky. 2. She considered that the question was not worth answering. 3. I felt that the pain was unbearable, maddening. 4. He found that his throat was dry and parched. 5. We all know that he is very punctual. 6. Further experiments proved that the assumption was wrong. 7. The chemist looked at the liquid in the tube and announced that the result was excellent. 8. He imagined that he was a great authority on etiquette. 9. I supposed that it was my brother's doing. 10. We never suspected that he was capable of such an action. 11. Seeing that he was asleep, the mother quietly left the room. 12. What I want is that everything should be ready in an hour. 13. The doctor's pronouncement was that the death was an accident. 14. He showed that he was worthy of our trust. 15. They thought that it was a coincidence. 16. They believed that it was a good day's work. 17. I felt that it was true. 18. Father likes it when his tea is strong. 19. We know that he used to be a good shot. 20. I scanned the bookshelves and found that the dictionary was missing.
Exercise 15 p. 216. Insert the second element of the complex object choosing a suitable word from the following ones:
at rest, dear, very weak, short, shut, impossible, an eager listener, clear, handy, blind
1. Let us make the interview.... 2. Have you got my meaning...? 3. He had undergone an operation which had left him.... 4. You should keep all the reference books.... 5. Set your mind....6. The sudden change of weather rendered our observations.... 7. His curiosity made him... to those with wider experience than himself. 8. These words mean to me everything that I hold....9. The dazzling light struck us.... 10. She snapped the handbag....
Exercise 16 p. 216. Fill in the blanks with a suitable verb from the following ones:
to make, to leave, to hold, to drive, to render, to tear, to get, to strike
1. She... the envelope open. 2. He tried... himself agreeable, 3. How long will you... it an open question? 4. Listening to him boast... me fed up. 5. The painter was busy... his brushes ready. 6. The actor... the audience spellbound. 7. The news... us dumb. 8. It was enough... a man crazy. 9. The pathos of the story... me indifferent. 10. The cinerama gives you every effect of three-dimensional space, and the stereophonic sound... the illusion perfect.
Exercise 17 p. 216. Fill in the blanks with a suitable verb and an appropriate word for the second element of the complex object.
Verbs: to make, to set, to burst, to let, to keep, to put, to leave, to render, to wear, to strike
2nd elements: loose, an object of constant ridicule, right, motionless, open, on fire, quite clear, thin, a good companion, straight, busy, impracticable, master of the situation
1. His humour and joviality... him.... 2. I have enough work... me... all day. 3. He... his idea.... 4. The wind... the door.... 5. His rival's defeat … him... 6. The lightning... the house....7. Lack of time... our plan...8. The constant strain... her nerves... 9. His absentmindedness … him …. 10. The sight of it... us.... 11. On spotting the fox the hunters... the dogs.... 12. Time will... things....
Exercise 18 p. 217. Translate into English. Make use of the following words:
to make, to render, to leave, to set, to put, to keep, to hold, to strike, to throw; angry, comfortable, late, doubtful, right, awake, responsible, speechless, open, free
1. Она подошла к окну и распахнула его. 2. Почему вы задержались? 3. Зубная боль не давала мне спать всю ночь. 4. Мы будем вас считать ответственным за это. 5. Ее замечание рассердило меня. 6. Он поправил шляпу. 7. Его слова заронили во мне сомнение. 8. Красота пейзажа так поразила нас, что мы не могли выговорить ни слова. 9. Устраивайтесь поудобнее. 10. Дети выпустили птичку на волю.
Exercise 19 p. 217. Analyse the structure of the complex object with the introductory it. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. I would be very grateful if you could make it convenient to call again. (Gls.) 2. 1 consider it a personal favour that you have accepted my apologies. (M) 3. She had suffered such torture as she had never thought it possible to endure. (M) 4. They felt it unreasonable of Ann to have left them like this without a word. (Gls.) 5. It would make it much easier for you to find the man if you knew his age. 6. She found it absurd that any one should allow a trifle like that to upset him. (M) 7. I call it good luck to have you my friend. 8. We have it in our power to make Nature serve man.
Exercise 20 p. 217. Paraphrase the following so as to use a complex object.
1. I felt that it was my duty to be with them at that difficult moment. 2. He was aware of the danger but he believed that it was necessary to take the risk. 3. I see you think that it is useless to wait any longer. 4. I am quite well now, and I find that it is unnecessary to be looked after any longer. 5. We don't think that it is worth while explaining the reason. 6. I find it is very dull when people start talking shop. 7. I felt that it was necessary to unburden my thoughts in a friendly talk. 8. Then she thought that it was time to go. 9. The party found that it was impossible to climb the mountain from the side overlooking the sea. 10. I consider it was a mistake that you did not accept the offer.
Exercise 21 p. 217. Complete the following.
1. I think it very important.... 2. We would like it to be understood....3. They made it clear.... 4. We think it worth while.... 5. The guide-book made it easier.... 6. They considered it absolutely necessary...,7. I don't want it (to be) mentioned.... 8. He felt it his duty.... 9. 1 call it fortunate.... 10. We think it better.... 11. Students find it very useful.... 12. I made it a rule.... 13. We have it in our power.... 14. I will not allow it to be said.... 15. He made it his business.... 16. The heavy rains made it impossible.... 17. We had it arranged.... 18. He thought it quite an adventure....