Раздел 2 (задания по чтению)

составляет 10 минут.

Раздел 2 (задания по чтению) содержит задания на понимание прочитанных текстов. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение раздела составляет 15 минут.

Раздел 3 (задания по грамматике и лексике) включает в себя задания, предполагающие краткий ответ. При выполнении этих заданий вы должны записать ответ в соответствующем месте работы. Рекомендуемое время выполнения раздела составляет 20 минут.

Общее время проведения работы 45 минут. Рекомендуется выполнять задания в том порядке, в котором они даны.

Желаем успеха!

Раздел 1 (задание по аудированию)

Вы услышите четыре коротких диалога, обозначенных буквами А, B, C и D. Определите, где происходит каждый из этих диалогов. Используйте каждое место действия из списка 1–5 только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее место действия. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1. In a hotel.

2. In the street.

3. At a post office.

4. In a clothes shop.

5. In а restaurant.

Запишите в таблицу выбранные цифры под соответствующими буквами.

Ответ:	Диалог	A	B	C	D
Место действия

Министерство образования, науки и молодежной политики Краснодарского края

«Институт развития образования» Краснодарского края

2. Keeping their names secret

3. An unknown artist

4. The meaning of the term

5. An innovative method

A. Street art can be described as art that is developed in public spaces and above all in the street. It can mean a lot of different things including graffiti, poster art, wall paintings, and just about any artwork that is displayed in public places. Typically, street art is used to separate public-space artwork from illegal graffiti and vandalism.

B. The start of street art is closely connected to graffiti, which appeared in New York in the 1970s. The American artists soon became an inspiration for a number of other young street artists all over the world. For the following ten years graffiti grew more and more popular and was soon joined by new forms of street art including street installations, street sculptures and 3D pavement illusions.

C. Street artists are often associated with opposition. Their artwork is considered a crime and vandalism and the artists may be arrested for damaging property so the artists prefer to use nicknames and create their drawings mostly at night. They are not looking for fame, especially in countries where graffiti is still illegal.

D. Kurt Wenner was the one who developed an absolutely new form of street art. That is 3D pavement art. He started his career as a graphic artist but after moving to Italy he worked on a new technique. Wenner attracted the attention of the entire world with his remarkable 3D artwork and he also inspired a future generation of 3D pavement street artists.

Запишите в таблицу выбранные цифры под соответствующими буквами.

Текст	A	B	C	D
Заголовок

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 3–9соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). В поле ответа запишите одну цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа.

Министерство образования, науки и молодежной политики Краснодарского края

«Институт развития образования» Краснодарского края

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК, 8 класс Вариант № 2, Октябрь 2018 АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК, 8 класс Вариант № 2, Октябрь 2018

Supermarkets

It is believed that the idea of supermarkets first belonged to an American businessman who opened a self-service grocery store in 1916. The main advantage of the new American store was that the goods were stocked on the shelves, so the customers could take their own goods and bring them to the front of the store to pay for them. Although there was a high risk of stealing, the owner found the new shop's organisation more effective because it allowed him to reduce the number of shop assistants. Later the new shop organisation spread widely throughout European countries.

Nowadays supermarkets are as British as football and cricket. In the UK 90% of all food is bought at five different supermarket chains. That makes these companies extremely powerful, especially when they deal with small businesses, for example farmers. Milk is a good example. Supermarkets like to use things such as milk and bread, which are at the top of almost everyone's shopping list, to attract customers. To offer the lowest price the supermarkets need to buy milk from dairy farmers very cheaply, so big supermarket chains agree on a very low price and dictate it to farmers. If the farmers don't agree to that price, supermarkets start to look for the cheapest possible products abroad instead.

The consumers are of course happy to get cheaper products, but they should also keep in mind the influence supermarkets have on the environment. First of all there's packaging. Supermarkets like all the products to be packed because it makes it easier to put them neatly on the shelves. Consequently, supermarkets produce nearly 10 million tons of waste packaging in the UK every year, less than 5% of which is recycled. Some supermarkets put large recycling bins in their car parks, trying to create the image that they are environmentally friendly. However, that is just an image.

To reach the supermarket shelves the products often have to travel half the globe. Due to preservatives even milk products can stay unspoiled for months. It's a great advantage for the supermarket as yoghurt bought from a farmer can't be kept for longer than 2 days. That is why many small farmers do not even get a chance to compete with long-lasting imported goods.

When a new supermarket is planned, everyone says that a lot of new jobs will be created. In reality the number of jobs lost in the area is greater than the number of new positions in the supermarket. Within a 15km radius of every new supermarket that opens the number of people working in the food business goes down. It happens because all the small shops nearby are forced to close.

5 Supermarkets offer local farmers good prices for their products.