Контрольные работы для инженерного факультета заочного отделения, направление подготовки «Агроинженерия», II курс

Контрольные работы для инженерного факультета заочного отделения, направление подготовки «Агроинженерия», I курс

Вариант 1

Для выполнения следующих упражнений, повторите грамматический материал по темам:

The Present Simple, the Past Simple, the Future Simple (Времена группы Simple)
The Present Continuous, the Past Continuous, the Future Continuous (Времена группы Continuous)
The Present Perfect, the Past Perfect, the Future Perfect (Времена группы Perfect)
The Passive Voice (Пассивный залог)
Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives (Степени сравнения имен прилагательных)
Prepositions (Предлоги)

Exercise 1. Перепишите предложения, употребив глаголы, которые даны в скобках, в подходящем по смыслу времени группы Simple (The Present Simple, the Past Simple, the Future Simple), подчерните сказуемое и переведите предложения:

Model: The mechanic usually (to test) the engine several hours.

The mechanic usually tests (Pr.S.) the engine several hours.

Обычно механики проверяют двигатель несколько часов.

The metal engineers (to strengthen) some metals to make them harder.
Yesterday the designers (to adopt) the new car’s look.
Last century they (to pay attention) for the development of the heavy industry in our country.
In mechanics students often (to study)kinematics after the study of dynamics.
Next month they (to obtain) new data about work of a new type of an engine.

Exercise 2. Перепишите предложения, употребив глаголы, которые даны в скобках, в подходящем по смыслу времени группы Continuous (The Present Continuous, the Past Continuous, the Future Continuous), подчерните сказуемое и поставьте предложения в отрицательную форму и переведите:

Model: Scientists (to create) a special system that allows drivers see after dark.

Scientists are creating (Pr. Cont.) a special system that allows drivers see after dark.

Scientists are NOT creating a special system that allows drivers see after dark.

The mechanics (to fix) the modern farm tractor when we called them.
Tomorrow at 9 o’clock a group of farmers (to study) how to use a combine harvester.
While the crankshaft (to rotate) the camshaft (to work) as well.
In the morning I (to start) my car from 8 to 8.15 and as a result I was late.
Car companies (to work) at developing a supercar.

Exercise 3. Перепишите предложения, употребив глаголы, которые даны в скобках, в подходящем по смыслу времени группы Perfect (The Present Perfect, the Past Perfect, the Future Perfect), подчерните сказуемое и выпишите показатели времени и переведите:

Model: They (to design) recently this model for laboratory research.

They have recently designed (Pr. Perf.) this model for laboratory research.

recently – недавно

Engineers (to construct) this machine since 2010.
Our plant (to develop) just new type of vehicles such as electromobiles by.
The chemical engineers (to complete) the experiments by the 14^th October.
They already (to see) this device at the exhibition.
Researches (to have) many tests before they had a satisfactory results.

Exercise 4. Перепишите предложения и переведите их из активного залога в пассивный, подчерните пассивную форму и переведите предложения:

Model: They will start production of the new type of engine soon. – Production of the new type of engine will be started soon. – Скоро будет начато производство двигателя нового поколения.

Six principal parts make a tractor of any kind.
Engineers tested metal parts for defects.
The first industrial revolution followed the invention of a steam engine.
Kulibin made the first self-propelled vehicle in Russia in the 18^th century.
They will reconstruct this factory in two years.

Exercise 5. Перепишите предложения, употребляя имена прилагательные, данные в скобках, в подходящей по смыслу степени сравнения (положительная, сравнительная, превосходная) и переведите:

Model: This renewment is (advance) than that one. – This renewment is more advance than that one. – Эта разработка совершеннее, чем предыдущая.

1. We were performing (accurate) dimensions during designing this engine.

2. The pistons are (small) in diameter than the cylinders.

3. The crankshaft is (large) and (heavy) shaft in the engine.

4. Cooper is one of (good) conductors.

5. Strength of materials is (difficult) than physics.

Exercise 6. Перепишите текст и заполните пропуски предлогами и переведите:

Robert Stephenson:

Robert Stephenson, the son ___ George Stephenson was a British civil engineer. He is mostly well- known ____ the construction ___ several bridges.

He was born ___ 1830. He was educated ___ Newcastle and __ the University ___ Edinburgh. ____ 1829 he assisted his father ___ constructing a locomotive known as the Rocket.

(in, of, for, in, of, of, in, in)

Ex.7. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст, выполните задания после текста:

Washington

Washington, the capital of the United States of America, is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. The district is a piece of land ten miles square and it does not belong to any separate state but to all the states. The district is named in honour of Columbus, the discoverer of America. The capital owes much to the first President of the USA – George Washington. It was G. Washington, who chose the place for the District and laid in 1790 the corner-stone of the Capitol, where Congress sits.

Washington is not the largest city in the USA. It has a population of 900 000 people. Washington is a one-industry town. That industry is government. It does not produce anything except very much scrap paper. Every day 25 railway cars leave Washington loaded with scrap paper.

Washington has many historical places. The largest and tallest among the buildings is the Capitol with its great House of Representatives and the Senate chamber. There are no skyscrapers in Washington because no other building must be taller than the Capitol. The White House is the President's residence. All American presidents except George Washington (the White House was not yet built in his time), have lived in the White House. It was built in 1799. It is a two-storied, white building.

Not far from the Capitol is the Washington Monument, which looks like a very big pencil. It rises 160 metres and is hollow inside. A special lift brings visitors to the top in 70 seconds from where they can enjoy a wonderful view of the whole city.

The Jefferson Memorial was built in memory of the third President of the USA, Thomas Jefferson, who was also the author of the Declaration of Independence. The memorial is surrounded by cherry-trees. The Lincoln Memorial devoted to the memory of the 16th President of the US, the author of the Emancipation Proclamation, which gave freedom to Negro slaves in America.

On the other bank of the Potomac lies the Arlington National Cemetery where President Kennedy was buried. American soldiers and officers, who died in World Wars I and II are buried there too.

1) Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту:

1. What is Washington?

2. Where is Washington situated?

3. After whom is the capital of the USA named?

4. What is the only one industry that exists in Washington?

5. What are the places of interest situated in Washington?

6. Why aren’t there any skyscrapers in Washington?

Вариант 2

Для выполнения следующих упражнений, повторите грамматический материал по темам:

The Present Simple, the Past Simple, the Future Simple (Времена группы Simple)
The Present Continuous, the Past Continuous, the Future Continuous (Времена группы Continuous)
The Present Perfect, the Past Perfect, the Future Perfect (Времена группы Perfect)
The Passive Voice (Пассивный залог)
Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives (Степени сравнения имен прилагательных)
Prepositions (Предлоги)

Model: The mechanic usually (to test) the engine several hours.

The mechanic usually tests (Pr.S.) the engine several hours.

Обычно механики проверяют двигатель несколько часов.

Machines (to make) our lives easier.
The engines of the first cars (to have) only one cylinder.
Students (to visit) the workshops in 2 classes.
In the near future people (to use) this type of a car everywhere?
This laboratory (not to study) the design of new bus models.

Model: Scientists (to create) a special system that allows drivers see after dark.

Scientists are creating (Pr. Cont.) a special system that allows drivers see after dark.

Scientists are NOT creating a special system that allows drivers see after dark.

Mr. Black (towork) onthisissuefrom 1999.
This engineer (to work) in the field of automaking last year from January till March.
They (to design)a new type of body fixtures next month.
Next year the plant (to produce) 1000 electric motors every day.
Our plant (to try) to expand the production of new tools.

Model: They (to design) recently this model for laboratory research.

They have recently designed (Pr. Perf.) this model for laboratory research.

recently – недавно

1. This engineer just (to maintain) the new project on developing of engines.

2. The team of our engineers (to develop) new tools for the agricultural equipment before it was realized.

3. Since the 19^th century both scientific research and practical application of its results (to escalate).

4. He (to work) at the factory for 12 years.

5. They (to complete) their work by 5 o’clock yesterday.

Several famous scientists made reports at the conference yesterday.
Engineers design and make machines, equipment and the like.
Engineer knows all the properties of different materials.
They used those reference books for their reports.
We shall built many laboratories next year.

Model: This renewment is (advance) than that one. – This renewment is more advance than that one. – Эта разработка совершеннее, чем предыдущая.

1. Our engineers are (good) in their field of knowledge.

2. Today machines withstand (tremendous) stresses than previous years.

3. (big) research centre in Russia is the Russian Academy of Sciences.

4. The report of new fuel equipment was (interesting) of all.

5. This factory has (bad) rate among all plants in our region.

Exercise 6. Перепишите текст и заполните пропуски предлогами и переведите:

James Watt.

James Watt was born ___ Greenock, Scotland, and was taught __ home. Later he went ___ Greenock Grammar School. Watt was interested ___ making experimental models ___ steam engines and this marks a historical milestone __ engineering development. Later, a statue __ Watt was placed __ Westminster Abbey.

(to, in, of, in, to, at, in, in)

Ex.7. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст, выполните задания после текста:

St. Petersburg

Saint Petersburg (population nearly 5 million), formerly Leningrad, is Russia's second largest city. Only Moscow, the capital, has more people. St. Petersburg is a major Russian port and one of the world's leading industrial and cultural centres. The city is situated in north-western Russia, at the eastern end of the Gulf of Finland, an arm of the Baltic Sea.

St. Petersburg was built as an imitation of western European cities. Its magnificent palaces, handsome public buildings, and wide public squares resemble those of such cities as London, Paris, and Vienna

The city has had three names. Czar Peter I (the Great) founded it in 1703 as St. Petersburg. After Russia went to war against Germany in 1914, at the start of World War I, the name was changed to Petrograd. In 1922, the Soviet Union was formed under the leadership of Russia. In 1924, the Soviet Unions government renamed the city in honour of V. I. Lenin. In 1991 the people of the city voted to restore the name St. Petersburg. In September 1991, the Soviet government officially approved the name change.

The city lies on a marshy lowland where the Neva River empties into the Gulf of Finland. Because of its far northern location, St. Petersburg has very short periods of daylight in winter. For about three weeks in June, it has "white nights" during which the sky is never completely dark.

The centre of St. Petersburg is on the southern bank of the Neva. This area includes the main business district and most of St. Petersburg's famous buildings. The city has about 900 small rivers and canals and about 400 bridges.

The historic Winter Palace (now the Hermitage Museum) completed in 1762, stands in the centre of the city. The palace was the winter home of the czars. Several blocks away there is the Cathedral of St. Isaac of Dalmatia, whose massive golden dome dominates St. Petersburg's skyline. The Peter and Paul Fortress, begun in 1703, is the oldest building in St. Petersburg. Many Russian czars are buried in a cathedral at the fortress.

The centre of St. Petersburg is surrounded by old residential areas that have stone or brick apartment buildings. Near the outskirts of the city there are thousands of modern concrete apartment buildings. The western section of St. Petersburg is the chief industrial district of the city.

Several luxurious palaces built in the 1700 s are still standing in three suburbs of St. Petersburg—Pavlovsk, Petrodvorets, and Pushkin. These palaces, famed for their architectural excellence, were summer homes of the czars. Today they are popular resorts and tourist attractions.

1) Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту:

1. What is St. Petersburg?

2. Where is St. Petersburg situated?

3. How many names has St. Petersburg had?

4. What name did the people vote for?

5. What are the places of interest situated in St. Petersburg?

6. What are the suburbs of St. Petersburg?

Вариант 3

Для выполнения следующих упражнений, повторите грамматический материал по темам:

The Present Simple, the Past Simple, the Future Simple (Времена группы Simple)
The Present Continuous, the Past Continuous, the Future Continuous (Времена группы Continuous)
The Present Perfect, the Past Perfect, the Future Perfect (Времена группы Perfect)
The Passive Voice (Пассивный залог)
Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives (Степени сравнения имен прилагательных)
Prepositions (Предлоги)

Exercise 1.Перепишите предложения, употребив глаголы, которые даны в скобках, в подходящем по смыслу времени группы Simple (The Present Simple, the Past Simple, the Future Simple), подчерните сказуемое и переведите предложения:

Model: The mechanic usually (to test) the engine several hours.

The mechanic usually tests (Pr.S.) the engine several hours.

Обычно механики проверяют двигатель несколько часов.

The term engine usually (to refer) to petrol engines, diesel engines and jet engines.
Some years ago an electric car (to be) an unrealizable dream.
Soon a new electronic instrument (to calculate) how far one car drive on the fuel that left in the tank.
A new generation of car (to have) a lot of unusual features such as side movements.
The use of multi-cylinder engines (to increase) the speed of cars.

Model: Scientists (to create) a special system that allows drivers see after dark.

Scientists are creating (Pr. Cont.) a special system that allows drivers see after dark.

Scientists are NOT creating a special system that allows drivers see after dark.

At present engineers (to experiment) with a state-of-art system that enables drivers to see after dark.
In future metallurgists (to try) to make composite materials strong and light as possible.
Now it is August. In July they (to perform) tests of a new electric cars.
The millionth electric motor (to roll) off the conveyer line of the plant now.
I thought you (to do) this work yesterday.

Model: They (to design) recently this model for laboratory research.

They have recently designed (Pr. Perf.) this model for laboratory research.

recently – недавно

For years my friend (to dream) of becoming a technical engineer.
The production began when the planning engineers (to order) the material.
He gathered together all the work of scientists who (to work) on electrical problems before him.
I already (to see) this device at the exhibition.
They (to introduce) new technologies by 2012.

They had stopped the production of the motor cars in Great Britain since there were severe speed limits.
Nowadays drivers use different electronic devices that are in modern cars.
In future developers will use ceramics for automotive design.
People use the water for producing the energy.
Roller chains transmit drive from one shaft to another.

Model: This renewment is (advance) than that one. – This renewment is more advance than that one. – Эта разработка совершеннее, чем предыдущая.

1. One of (late) application is the wheel-computerized system.

2. A (great) part of the research was completed.

3. Iron and steel are (important) metals in industry.

4. Machine tools with electrical drive are (fast) and (accurate) than hand tools.

5. Spur gears are (simple) gears.

Exercise 6.Перепишите текст и заполните пропуски предлогами места и времени, переведите:

James Prescott Joule:

James Prescott Joule, the famous British physicist, was borne __ 1818, __England. Joule was one __ the most outstanding physicist __his time. He is best known __ his research __ electricity and thermodynamics. The unit __ energy, called joule, is named ___him,

(for, in, of, in, after, of, in, of)

Ex.7. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст, выполните задания после текста:

Canada

Canada is situated on the north of Northern America. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west, and the Arctic Ocean in the north. In the south and in the north Canada borders on the USA. It is a land of vast distances and rich natural resources. Canada's territory is the world's second largest country. It includes many islands, notably the Canadian Arctic Islands, also called Arctic Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Economically and technologically the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south. The total area is about 10 million square kilometers. Its major cities, such as Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Ottawa, Edmonton, Calgary and Winnipeg are centres of commerce and industry.

The climate of Canada varies from temperate in the south to subarctic and arctic in the north. The highest Canadian point is Mount Logan 5,959 m. About 32million people live in Canada. As for the state language the population use both English and French.

Most of Canada's inhabitants live in the southern part of the country and vast areas of the north are sparsely inhabited.

The government type is confederation with parliamentary democracy. The capital of Canada is Ottawa.

Canada became independent from the United Kingdom on July, 1, 1867. Legal system is based on the English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on the French law prevails.

French-speaking Canadians maintain their language, culture, and traditions, and the federal government follows the policy of a bilingual and bicultural nation.

The largest religious community in Canada is Roman Catholic. Nearly half of Canadians who are Roman Catholic live in Quebec. Of the Protestant denominations in Canada the largest is the United Church of Canada, followed by the Anglican Church of Canada. Other important Protestant groups are the Baptist, Presbyterian and Lutheran. Nearly 2 percent of the population are Orthodox. Muslim and Jewish adherents each number about 1 percent. A substantial number of Buddhists, Hindus and Sikhs have been brought to the country in recent years by immigration. Nearly 13 percent of Canadians claim no religion.

1) Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту:

1. Where is Canada situated?

2. What oceans is Canada washed by?

3. How many official languages are there in Canada?

4. Where do most of Canada's inhabitants live?

5. When did Canada become independent?

6. What are the main cities in Canada?

Вариант 4

Для выполнения следующих упражнений, повторите грамматический материал по темам:

The Present Simple, the Past Simple, the Future Simple (Времена группы Simple)
The Present Continuous, the Past Continuous, the Future Continuous (Времена группы Continuous)
The Present Perfect, the Past Perfect, the Future Perfect (Времена группы Perfect)
The Passive Voice (Пассивный залог)
Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives (Степени сравнения имен прилагательных)
Prepositions (Предлоги)

Model: The mechanic usually (to test) the engine several hours.

The mechanic usually tests (Pr.S.) the engine several hours.

Обычно механики проверяют двигатель несколько часов.

Usually having arrived at a motorway a driver (to switch) over to automatic control and (to relax).
The production (to require) utilizing supervisory system.
Our engineers (to improve) this new method of work years ago.
We (to begin) a new experiment after you show us the results of your last experiment.
The engineer (to improve) the accuracy of this machine a minute ago.

Model: Scientists (to create) a special system that allows drivers see after dark.

Scientists are creating (Pr. Cont.) a special system that allows drivers see after dark.

Scientists are NOT creating a special system that allows drivers see after dark.

The piston (to move) upwards and (to compress) the mixture.
Yesterday the assistant (to prepare) the solution very carefully the whole evening.
Mstislav Keldysh (to do) researches in the field of mathematics and airo-hydrodynamics.
They (to work) with the delegation of engineers from Europe.
Our plants and factories (to use) those equipment during the 1990s.

Model: They (to design) recently this model for laboratory research.

They have recently designed (Pr. Perf.) this model for laboratory research.

recently – недавно

They say they already (to investigate) a new model of tractors.
Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir (to develop) the internal combustion engine to 1858.
The motor (to start) before you are ready.
Alfred Nobel never expected any reward for what he (to do).
He decided to become a mechanic since he (to help) his father to fix the farm cars.

Isaac Newton suggested the idea to propel a vehicle using mechanical power.
This firm offered the young specialists to concentrate their efforts on the construction of the bridge.
Constructors will improve the accuracy of machine tools from year to year.
By the end of the 19^th century scientists had made the first attempts to obtain synthetic materials.
A team of developers tests a new mark of a tractor on an experimental field.

Exercise 5.Перепишите предложения, употребляя имена прилагательные, данные в скобках, в подходящей по смыслу степени сравнения (положительная, сравнительная, превосходная) и переведите:

Model: This renewment is (advanced) than that one. – This renewment is more advanced than that one. – Эта разработка совершеннее, чем предыдущая.

1. There are many technical journals (interesting) journals are here.

2. The gasoline automobile motor is (familiar) type of the internal-combustion engine.

3. Coal and lignite are (reliable) fuels.

4. The mechanical engineers have new and (stronger) materials to work with.

5. The (soon) they finish the construction of the plant than (good).

Exercise 6. Перепишите текст и заполните пропуски предлогами места и времени, переведите:

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein, a well-known German physicist and mathematician, was born __ Germany __ March14, 1879. Already in 1905 he made a revolutionary discoveries __ science. In 1921Einstein got the Nobel Prize a logical explanation __ the photoelectric effect. On March 14, 1979 ___ UNESCO decision all people ___ the world celebrated the birth centenary of the great 20^th century scientist.

(for, by, in, throughout, on, in, of, in,)

Ex.7. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст, выполните задания после текста:

New York

The City of New York is the biggest in the USA. It is the centre of international finance, politics, entertainment and culture. About 30 million inhabitants live in New York and nearby area. The city is situated on the major islands of Manhattan, Staten Island, Long Island and on the mainland (Bronx). Its territory counts 800 square kilometres.

Long before the Europeans came, this area was inhabited by the Indians. In 1664 English ships captured the city and it was named New York, after James, Duke of York. During the 19^th century the city was changed greatly under the influence of immigration. After the Civil War, the rate of immigration from Europe grew steeply and New York became the first stop for millions seeking a new and better life in the United States.

New York consists of five boroughs. Manhattan is the business centre of the city and the home of most of the city’s skyscrapers. The Bronx is the only borough of the city is on mainland of the US. Brooklyn has most citizens and Queens is the most diverse one, with most immigrants than anywhere else. Staten Island is somewhat isolated and the most suburban in character of the five boroughs.

The street system of Manhattan is the one best known around the world. Fifth Avenue divides Manhattan Island into the East and the West Sides.

There are more than 100 square kilometres of parks in New York. The best known park is the Central Park, an excellent example of the landscape architecture and a popular place among New Yorkers and tourists.

Many people come to New York just to shop or to go to a show, but there are many sights to see. Most people try to visit at least the Empire State Building, Times square, the Statue of Liberty, Wall street, United Nations Headquarters, St. Patrick’s Cathedral and the Brooklyn Bridge.

The famous Statue of Liberty was given to the United States by the French Republic in the late 19^th century. It is standing in the New York Harbour. The Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognizable symbols of the USA. Also there is a lot of museum such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, Guggenheim Museum and the American Museum of Natural History. New York has a whole theatre district known as Broadway. The Broadway theatres are considered to be of the high quality.

1) Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту:

1. What kind of city is New York?

2. Where is New York situated?

3. Who was New York named after?

4. How many boroughs does New York consist of?

5. Because of what was New York changed in the 19^th century?

6. What places of interest are there in New York?

Вариант 5

Для выполнения следующих упражнений, повторите грамматический материал по темам:

The Present Simple, the Past Simple, the Future Simple (Времена группы Simple)
The Present Continuous, the Past Continuous, the Future Continuous (Времена группы Continuous)
The Present Perfect, the Past Perfect, the Future Perfect (Времена группы Perfect)
The Passive Voice (Пассивный залог)
Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives (Степени сравнения имен прилагательных)
Prepositions (Предлоги)

Model: The mechanic usually (to test) the engine several hours.

The mechanic usually tests (Pr.S.) the engine several hours.

Обычно механики проверяют двигатель несколько часов.

The day after tomorrow the student (to continue) research in the laboratory.
Four-stroke internal combustion engines (to have) four basic steps that repeat with every two revolutions of the engine.
Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach (to invent) the high-speed petrol engine in 1883.
The word machine generally (to refer) to an assembly which moving parts.

5. When engineers (to calculate) the pressure of a fluid inside a vessel, they usually (to calculate) its gauge pressure.

Model: Scientists (to create) a special system that allows drivers see after dark.

Scientists are creating (Pr. Cont.) a special system that allows drivers see after dark.

Scientists are NOT creating a special system that allows drivers see after dark.

I (to drive) a car with the diesel engine because of the better fuel consumption.
We (to study) new form of energy this time last month.
Manufactures (to use) crash tests to improve the safety of their cars.
Non-ferrous metals (to protect) steel from corrosion.
That country (to sell) the new type of engine soon.

Model: They (to design) recently this model for laboratory research.

They have recently designed (Pr. Perf.) this model for laboratory research.

recently – недавно

When they tested the new engine they (to find) a lot of defects.
He (to graduate) from MSTU named after Bauman by 2014.
The ZIL Works already (to manufacture) a new truck model.
Graduation theses of these students is based on material they (to collect) during their research on this plant next month.
Radical changes (to take place) in the mechanical engineering since the new tools were invented.

Machines performed those complex calculations.
We measures velocity in metres per second squared (m/s²).
Engineers use the gauge pressure to see the difference between the inside fluid pressure and outside air pressure.
Lines at 45 degrees from horizontal show the 3D shape of the object.
The company will release the finished car after quality control and a final check.

Model: This renewment is (advance) than that one. – This renewment is more advance than that one. – Эта разработка совершеннее, чем предыдущая.

1. Thomas Edison is known as one of (great) inventors of his time.

2. The new car is (comfortable) than the previous one.

3. Strength of materials is (difficult) than chemistry.

4. The lack of the engine is it accelerate (high) power only in small range of rotation.

5. This project is (bad) at our meeting.

Exercise 6.Перепишите текст и заполните пропуски предлогами места и времени, переведите:

M.V. Lomonosov

Mikhail Lomonosov was born __ November 19, 1711, __ Denisovka, ___ Archangelsk and studied __ the University ___ St. Petersburg. He regarded heat as a form of motion, suggested the wave theory ___ light and stated the idea __ conservation __ matter.

(in, of, on, of, near, of, in, at)

Ex.7. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст, выполните задания после текста:

Scotland

Scotland is one of four parts of Great Britain. The area of Scotland is more than half as big as England's. The main cities of the country are its capital Edinburgh and the main industrial center Glasgow.

Scottish towns look very different from English towns. Some words about Edinburgh. Edinburgh, capital of Scotland, is one of Britain’s most attractive cities. Here live people who like to work.

You are never far from green parks, gardens and hills - even in the main shopping streets. It’s a busy modern city, but its history is everywhere. At the top of the highest hill Edinburgh Castle is located. It was the home of Scotland’s royal family until 1603 when King James the 6th of Scotland became the king of England and moved to London. The road which begins at the castle and goes eastwards is called Royal Mile. At the other end of the Royal Mile is the Palace of Hollyroodhouse.

It was built by the Scottish king before Scotland and England were united to make Great Britain. Now it is a second home for the Queen or her children, who usually visit Edinburgh in the summer. When the royal family is not there you can visit the palace and see a lot of interesting things. There are nine hills in Edinburgh. They are long-dead volcanoes. From their tops you can see two bridges: the modern road bridge and the old rail bridge which has carried trains to the Highlands for more than a hundred years. The Highlands of Scotland is mountainous and wild.

In the winter it’s white with snow but in the summer it becomes purple. Highlands boast the Scottish Olympics or the Highland games (it’s real name). These games are not only sporting competitions: music and different traditional games are very important too. While athletes throw the hammer at the one end of the arena, you can watch a dancing competition at the other end.

There is also a game for the strongest athletes - tossing the caber, which weights 60 kilos and is six metres long. These games are very popular in Highlands. Usually between the mountains are rivers and lakes. Scottish people like fishing very much, that’s why they say that Scottish rivers are good for two: fishing is one, the other is Scotch whisky. Whisky is made from water and barley. The method hasn’t changed for hundreds years. Scotland is also famous for its national cloth – kilt, the most important part of national dress and bagpipes - the national instrument.

1) Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту:

1. What is Scotland?

2. Where is Scotland situated?

3. What is the capital of Scotland?

4. What castle was house for Scotland’s royal family until 1603?

5. What the sport event is there?

6. What is the national cloth and musical instrument?

Контрольные работы для инженерного факультета заочного отделения, направление подготовки «Агроинженерия», II курс

Вариант 1

Ex. 1. Read the text, translate in the written way and do exercises after the text (1587):

Electricity

It is impossible to imagine our civilization without electricity: economic and social progress will be turned to the past and our daily lives completely transformed.

Electrical power has become universal. Thousands of applications of electricity such as lighting, electrochemistry and electrometallurgy are longstanding and unquestionable.

With the appearance of the electrical motor, power cables replaced transmission shafts, gear wheels, belts and pulleys in the 19^th century workshops. And in the home a whole range of various time and labour saving appliances have become a part of our everyday lives.

Other devices are based on specific properties of electricity: electrostatics in the case of photocopying machine and electromagnetism in the case of radar and television. These applications have made electricity most widely used.

The first industrial application was in the silver workshops in Paris. The generator – a new compact source of electricity – was also developed there. The generator replaced the batteries and other devices that had been used before.

Electric lighting came into wide use at the end of the last century with the development of the electric lamp by Thomas Edison. Then the transformer was invented, the first electric lines and networks were set up, dynamos and induction motors were designed.

Since the beginning of the 20^th century the successful development of electricity has begun throughout the industrial world. The consumption of electricity has doubled every ten years.

Electricity has replaced other sources of energy as it has been realized that it offers improved service and reduce cost.

One of the great advantages of the electricity is that it is clean, easily-regulated and generates no by-products. Electricity is the efficient source of some of the most recent technological advances such as the laser and electron beams.

Ex.2. Translate the words from the text:

It is impossible / electricity/to be turned to the past/ electrical power/ applications/unquestionable /with the appearance of/ transmission shafts / gear wheels/ belts / pulleys /whole range/ to be based on/electrostatics/ industrial / application/ generator replaced the batteries/ transformer/ induction /motors / successful/ consumption of electricity/ easily-regulated/by-products/ efficient/ source

Ex.3. Answer the questions:

What will be happened if electricity weren’t invented?
What is happened when the electrical motor appeared in the 19^th century?
Where and when was the generator invented?
Was the development of electricity successful? Prove it.

Ex.4. Translate from Russian to English:

Электричество одно из самых важных изобретений человечества.
На сегодняшний день жизнь без электричества практически невозможна.
Электричество изменило мир и представления о мире.
Благодаря электричеству появилась новая, более совершенная техника.

Ex. 5. Summarize the text according the point:

It is impossible to imagine our civilization without electricity.
Electricity has a long history of development.
Electricity has many advantages.

Ex. 6. Translate the text:

Чешский технический университет — один из крупнейших университетов Чехии, расположен в городе Прага и является самым старым техническим вузом Центральной Европы.

В 2009 году была открыта Национальная техническая библиотека, которая хранит полмиллиона книг и изданий, доступ к книгам может получить любой желающий.

Обучение в чешском университете ведется по техническим специальностям на восьми факультетах: строительный факультет, машиностроительный факультет, электротехнический факультет, факультет ядерной физики, архитектурный факультет, транспортный факультет, факультет биомедицинской инженерии, факультет информационных технологий.

Студенты Чешского технического университета могут проходить обучение и стажировку за рубежом. ВУЗом был подписан ряд соглашений с университетами других стран.

Вариант 2

Ex. 1. Read the text, translate in the written way and do exercises after the text (1536):

Engines

The first engine was called the “water wheel”. This was an ordinary and a simple wheel with blades fixed to it, and the current of a river turned it. The usage of these engines was only for irrigating the fields.

Later a wind-powered engine was invited. This was a wheel, but a very small one. Long wide wooden blades were attached to it. This engine was driven by the wind.

The water and wind-operated engines are very economical. They do not need fuel for functioning. But they are dependent on weather.

In some years people invented a new type of an engine that was operated by steam. In a steam engine, there is a furnace and a boiler. The furnace is filled with the coal or wood. The fire heats the water in the boiler and when it boils, it turns into steam which does some useful work. The more fuel is brought into in the furnace, the stronger the fire is burning. The more steam there is the faster a train or a boat is moving.

The steam engine drove all sorts of machines. However, steam engines have a number of disadvantages. They were huge and heavy, and a lot of fuel was used.

The imperfection of the steam engine led to the development of a new type of it. It was called the internal combustion engine, because the fuel ignites and burns inside the engine itself and not in a furnace. This engine became a smaller and lighter than the previous steam engine because it had not a boiler. Also it is more powerful and uses new type of a better-quality fuel: petrol or kerosene.

The internal combustion engine is now used in cars, diesel locomotives and motor ships. But to enable aeroplanes to fly faster than the speed of the sound they use more powerful engine was needed. Eventually, one was invented and it was given the name “jet engine”. The gases in it reach the temperature of over a thousand degrees. It is made of a very resistant metal so that it will not melt.

Ex.2. Translate the words from the text:

The first engine /water wheel/ blades/ usage/ irrigating/ wind-powered/ to be driven by the wind/ country/ economical/ fuel/ to be dependent on/ invented/ steam engine/ coal /to turn/ disadvantages/ internal combustion engine/ to ignite/ better-quality/ petrol/ enable/ speed of the sound/ jet engine/ resistant

Ex.3. Answer the questions:

What is the first engine that was invented?
What are the differences between water or wind engine and a steam one?
What is the engine that uses in most mechanisms?
What is the name of the engine that makes planes fly?

Ex.4. Translate from Russian to English:

Водяное колесо имеет лопасти, прикрепленные к основанию.
Среди прочих деталей, паровой двигатель имеет топку и бойлер.
Двигатель внутреннего сгорания имеет большое количество преимуществ перед паровыми двигателями.
Реактивные двигатели заставляют самолет лететь.

Ex. 5. Summarize the text according the point:

The usage of nature power engines are the first engines in history.
The steam engine and its imperfections.
The internal combustion engine.

Ex. 6. Translate the text:

Мюнхенский технический университет. Университет находится в г.Мюнхен, Бавария, Германия. Основан в 1868 году Людвигом II. Университет является крупнейшим техническим высшим учебным заведением в Германии.

В университете ведется обучение на 12-ти факультетах: инженерный и машиностроения, физический, информационных технологий, математический, информатики, социальный, медицинский, химический и др.

Обучение проходит несколько иначе, чем в России. Предметы строго разделены по профилю вуза и их в три раза меньше, чем в России. На первых двух годах преподают общие предметы, а именно: механика, высшая математика, сопромат и др. Проучившись два года, студенты получают промежуточный диплом, который дает возможность учиться по специальности дальше. Причем студент сам выбирает для себя направление по которому он будет проходить обучение. Особое внимание уделяется самостоятельной работе студентов.

Вариант 3

Ex. 1. Read the text, translate in the written way and do exercises after the text (1509):

Контрольные работы для инженерного факультета заочного отделения, направление подготовки «Агроинженерия», II курс

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