► Ex. I. Scan the text. Work in pairs to answer the questions that follow.
Maladjusted children are those who are unable to form good relationships with other
children because of problems in their character and behaviour. For children with social and
emotional problems, special therapeutic services may be provided. Psychotherapy and
behaviour modification by psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers are generally a
part of the educational program. Psychotherapy is the treatment of mental illness, for
example depression, by talking to maladjusted children and discussing their problems rather
than using drugs or medical treatment.
Behaviour modification means the control of behaviour in which desired behaviours
are rewarded, and vice versa, undesirable ones arepunished. Behaviour modification helps
teachers to shape individual behaviour toward some desired effect and to control behaviour
in classrooms. Teaching techniques for maladjusted children are to stress personality
development, social adjustment, and habits of interpersonal relationships. Personality
development, social adjustment, and habits of interpersonal relationships must come before
subjects that maladjusted children study at school. But to study different subjects at school is
therapeutic in itself and must be promoted as much as possible.
Maladjusted –неумеющий приспособиться к окружающей обстановке; therapeutic -
терапевтический; psychotherapy - психотерапия; behaviour modification = behaviour
therapy –изменение поведения (метод мотивации, базирующийся на утверждении,
что поощрение приводит к повторению, а наказание к избежанию совершенных поступков и образцов поведения); psychologist -психолог; psychiatrist - психиатр; social worker –социальный работник; mental illness –душевная болезнь; drugs -лекарства; medical treatment - лечение;technique - метод, способ; personality development –развитие личности; social adjustment –приспособление к окружающей социальной среде; habits of interpersonal relationships –навыки межличностных взаимоотношений.
1) What children are unable to form good relationships with other children because of
problems in their character and behaviour? 2) What is generally a part of the educational
program? 3) What is meant by the term "psychotherapy"? 4) What does behaviour
modification mean? 5) What does behaviour modification help teachers to do? 6) What are
teaching techniques for maladjusted children to stress? 7) What must come before subjects
that maladjusted children study at school? 8) What is therapeutic in itself and must be promoted as much as possible?
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► Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
1) Social adjustment is poor, faulty, or inadequate adjustment. 2) Therapy is the way
that somebody behaves, especially towards other people and in a particular situation. 3) A
relationship is a feeling of sadness that makes you think there is no hope for the future.4)
Behaviour is the treatment of an illness or injury over a fairly long period of time, especially
without using drugs or operations. 5) An individual is the various aspects of a person's
character that combine to make them different from other people. 6) Maladjustment is a
change in the way a person behaves or thinks. 7) Depression is the way in which two people
or two groups behave towards each other. 8) Personality is one person, considered
separately from the rest of the group or society that they live in.
► Ex.III. Rearrange these words to make sensible sentences.
1) Maladjusted children those who are unable to form good relationships with other
children because of problems in their character and behaviour are. 2) Psychotherapy and
behaviour modification by psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers generally a part
of the educational program are. 3) Psychotherapy the treatment of mental illness, for
example depression, by talking to maladjusted children and discussing their problems rather 15
than using drugs or medical is treatment. 4) Behaviour modification the control of behaviour
in which desired behaviours are rewarded, and vice versa, undesirable ones are means
punished. 5) Behaviour modification teachers to shape individual behaviour toward some
desired effect and to control behaviour in classrooms helps. 6) Teaching techniques for
maladjusted children to stress personality development, social adjustment, and habits of
interpersonal are relationships. 7) Personality development, social adjustment, and habits of
interpersonal relationships come before subjects that maladjusted children study at school
must. 8) To study different subjects at school therapeutic in iteelf and must be promoted as much as possible is.
► Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.
Изменение поведения; развитие личности; приспособление к окружающей
социальной среде; навыки межличностных взаимоотношений; терапевтические
услуги; психотерапия; психолог; психиатр; социальный работник; душевная болезнь;
лекарства;15лечение; методы обучения детей, не умеющих приспособиться к
окружающей обстановке; довольно долгий период времени.
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► Ex. V. Complete the following sentences.
1) Maladjusted children are... 2)... are generally a part of the educational program. 3)
Psychotherapy is... 4) Behaviour modification means... 5) Behaviour modification helps
teachers to shape... and to control... 6) Teaching techniques for maladjusted children are to
stress... 7)... must come before subjects that maladjusted children study at school. 8) To
study different subjects at school is...
► Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about a) therapeutic services for maladjusted
children; b) teaching techniques for maladjusted children.
► Ex.VII. Retell the text THE EDUCATION OF MALADJUSTED CHILDREN.
AUTISM
► Ex.I. Scan the text. Work in pairs to answer the questions that follow.
Autism is a neurobiological disorder that affects physical, social, and language skills.
The term was first used by the psychiatrist Leo Kanner in the 1940s to describe children who
appeared to be excessively withdrawn and self-preoccupied. Autism usually appears before
2 years of age. Autistic children appear indifferent or averse to affection and physical
contact. They may suffer episodes of rage or panic.
Speech develops slowly and abnormally or not at all. It may be characterized by
constant repetition of what is said by others. The replacement of speech by strange
mechanical sounds also occurs Suffering severe learning difficulties, some autistic children
may have an unusually high level of ability in a particular skill, for example inart or music.
Autism is often characterized by rhythmic body movements such as rocking or
hand-clapping and by an obsessive desire to prevent change in daily routines.
Autistic individuals may be hypersensitive to, for example high-pitched sounds, and
abnormally slow to react to, for example physical pain.
The disorder is more common in males. Though postnatal factors such as lack of parental attention were once blamed, it is now known that autism is the result of abnormalities in the brain structure. There is no effective treatment for autism.
Autism - аутизм (оторванность от людей, от жизни; погружѐнность в свой собственный мир); autistic страдающий аутизмом; neuro-concerning the nerves; neurobiology -нейробиология; disorder - расстройство; withdrawn - замкнутый, ушедший в себя; self-preoccupied = self-absorbed - эгоцентричный, поглощенный в свои мысли, интересы, эмоции; indifferent (to) - безразличный, безучастный, равнодушный; averse –питающий отвращение; affection (towards, for) - привязанность, любовь; suffer - испытывать; episode -эпизод; rage - ярость, гнев; panic -паника; abnormally - ненормально; rocking - качание; hand-clapping –хлопанье в ладоши; obsessive - навязчивый; routine–заведенный порядок; hypersensitive –чрезмерно чувствительный; high-pitched sounds -высокие, пронзительные звуки; postnatal происходящий после рождения; parental -
родительский; abnormality - неправильность, ненормальность; autistic savant = idiot savant — умственно неполноценный человек, проявляющий незаурядные способности в какой-л. области.
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1) What is meant by the term "autism"? 2) What term was first used to describe
children who appeared to be excessively withdrawn and self-preoccupied? 3) When does
autism usually appear? 4) What do autistic children appear indifferent or averse to? 5) What
may autistic children suffer? 6) How does the speech of autistic children develop? 7) What
may the speech of autistic children be characterized by? 8) What also occurs among autistic
children? 9) May some autistic children have an unusually high level of ability in a
particular skill? 10) Autism is characterized by rhythmic body movements such as rocking
or hand-clapping, isn't it? 11) Autism is characterized by an obsessive desire to prevent
change in daily routines, isn't it?12) May autistic individuals be hypersensitive to
high-pitched sounds? 13) May autistic individuals be abnormally slow to react to physical
pain? 14) Is autism more common in males or females? 15) What was once blamed for
autism? 16) Is autism the result of abnormalities in the brain structure? 17) There is no
effective treatment for autism, is there?
► Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
1) Autism is a developmental disorder characterized variously by impaired social
interaction, difficulties in communicating, problems with seeing and hearing, and repetitive
behavior. 2) Autism is the scientific term for withdrawn and self-preoccupied children. 3)
To be preoccupied means to be very shy and quiet, and concerned only about one's own
thoughts. 4) To be withdrawn means to think about something a lot, with the result that one
does not pay attention to other things. 5) To be indifferent means to be concerned only with
yourself and the things that affect you. 6) To be self-preoccupied means to be not caring
about what is happening, especially about other people's problems or feelings. 7) To be
averse to something means to be unwilling to do something or to dislike something. 8) Panic
is a strong feeling of uncontrollable anger. 9) Rage is a sudden strong feeling of fear or
nervousness that makes you unable to think clearly or behave sensibly. 10) To be
hypersensitive means to be too easily hurt or upset by unimportant things.
► Ex. III. Rearrange these words to make sensible sentences.
1) Autism a neurobiological disorder that affects physical, social, and language skills
is. 2) The term "autism" children who appeared to be excessively withdrawn and
self-preoccupied was first used to describe. 3) Autism usually before 2 years of age appears.
4) Autistic children indifferent or averse to affection and physical contact appear. 5) Autistic
children episodes of rage or may suffer panic. 6) The speech of autistic children slowly and
abnormally or not at develops all. 7) The speech of autistic children constant repetition of
what is said by others may be characterized by. 8) The replacement of speech by strange
mechanical sounds also among autistic children occurs. 9) Suffering severe learning
difficulties, some autistic children an18unusually high level of ability in a particular skill
may have. 10) Autism rhythmic body movements such as rocking or hand-clapping is
characterized by. 11) Autism an obsessive desire to prevent change in daily is characterized
by routines. 12) Autistic individuals hypersensitive to high-pitched sounds may be. 13)
Autistic individuals abnormally slow to react to physical may be pain. 14) Autism more
common in males is. 15) Lack of parental attention once blamed for was autism. 16) It is
now known that autism the result of abnormalities in the brain is structure. 17) There no
effective treatment for autism is.
► Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.
Ненормально; качание; хлопанье в ладоши; навязчивый; заведенный порядок;
чрезмерно чувствительный; происходящий после рождения; родительский;
ненормальность; умственно неполноценный человек, проявляющий незаурядные
способности в какой-либо области; погружѐнность в свой собственный мир;
страдающий аутизмом; нейробиология; расстройство; замкнутый, ушедший в себя;
поглощенный в свои мысли, интересы, эмоции; безразличный, безучастный,
равнодушный; питающий отвращение; привязанность; испытывать; ярость; паника.
► Ex.V. Complete the following sentences.
1) Autism is... 2) The term "autism" was first used to describe... 3) Autism usually
appears... 4) Autistic children appear indifferent or averse to... 5) Autistic children may 19
suffer... 6) The speech of autistic children develops... 7) The speech of autistic children may
be characterized by... 8)... also occurs among autistic children. 9) Some autistic children
may have... 10) Autism is characterized by rhythmic body movements such as... 11)
Autism is characterized by an obsessive desire to... 12) Autistic individuals may be
hypersensitive to... 13) Autistic individuals may be abnormally slow to react to... 14)
Autism is more common in... 15)... was once blamed for autism. 16)Autism is the result of
... 17) There is no effective treatment for...
► Ex.VI. Choose one topic to speak about
a) autism as a mental problem;
b) autism as a social problem.