India
I. Listen to the article and fill in the gaps.
Question: Where ___ pyjamas, yoga, curry, gurus and Bollywood films come from? Answer: India, of course!
August the 15th is the birthday of modern, independent India. Fifty seven _____ ___ Jawaharlal Nehru claimed independence for this huge country and its massive population. To celebrate, let’s look at some ways Indian culture ___ influenced and inspired other cultures around the world.
First, Indian food, especially its richly spiced dishes which are called ‘curry’ outside India, ___ become a __________ favourite. Most _________ have their own _______ of the Indian curry. In Japan it is very sweet and in Thailand an Indian-style chicken curry ___ served alongside Thai curries. In the more cosmopolitan cities _______ ___ _____, you can buy samosas (fried snacks with a filling) and naan bread _________ local snacks.
If you have eaten too many samosas and ___ _______ ______ your health, try Yoga. This is an _______ Hindu philosophy and exercise system originating in India. Yoga __ now recognised ___ ____ ___ _____ as an intelligent form of exercise. Regular ________ can heal minor illnesses, ______ your state of mind, help you ____ weight or work your muscles. More and more different types of yoga are being ___________ and the original poses have been adapted to suit modern _____. Yoga has become so fashionable around the world that a lot of companies are using pictures of people __________ yoga _______ in white to sell their products!
One of the most famous things about modern Indian _______ is the Indian film industry, known as Bollywood. The ______ story is about a boy and a girl who love each other but their families ____ approve. There is a lot of _______ and _______ in the film as the boy and girl try to convince their families to let them marry. The ___________ interest in Bollywood films inspired Andrew Lloyd Webber to ________ the musical Bombay Dreams, which had a very ______________ two years in London - everyone _______ the music and the costumes! The show is now being shown on Broadway – the first Indian-themed musical to be ________ there.
____ ____ plenty of words used by people all over the world which have come _____ Indian
Languages. From Hindi we have shampoo, a word used with ______ spellings in quite a few languages, including German and Portuguese. This is a body or hair wash, but was ________ a body scrub with herbs and warm _____. A guru was originally a Hindu religious __________, but these days the word is usually used to describe anyone who knows a lot about a ________ subject and is ___________ an expert. A good ________ of this is ‘fashion guru’; a fashion expert whose ideas are __________ to designers. From the Tamil _________ we have the word rice in English, which comes from the word ‘arisi’, and mango which comes from the word ‘mangaai’.
Finally, pyjamas, the most _____________ clothes in the world, ___________ in India. Most of us usually wear them around the house or while sleeping. But the original pyjama suit is to be worn ___________, and is still worn in India. Pyjamas are only the loose trousers, and these are worn with a very long shirt called a kurta. This is usually white or a pastel colour. ______ usually wear pyjamas and kurtas, but ________ in India have shalwar (trousers) and a kameez, which is like a dress worn over the shalwar. ______ __ these suits are so comfortable and ______________ that in about 20 years’ time they should be more popular than jeans!
II. FindEnglishequivalents:
происходить (быть родом из); независимый; провозгласить независимость; вдохновлять; по всему миру (3 варианта); наряду с; закуска; быть признанным; может исцелять; приспосабливать (приспосабливаемый); одобрять; убедить; изначально; существует множество слов; считаться экспертом; свободные брюки;
Grammar revision
PRESENT TENSES
Present simple
1. Answer these questions. Give a full answer.
Where are you from?
Where do you come from?
Where do pyjamas, yoga, curry, gurus and Bollywood films come from?
2. Ask the same questions about his / her / their origin and answer them.
3. Ask the same question expressing surprise or asking for conformation. Use negative question
4. Tag questions for conformation. You believe that he is from Moscow. Ask question to be sure.
5. Put all possible questions to these sentences.
Men usually wear pyjamas and kurtas.
a) General (yes / no)
b) Special (wh-questions)
Women in India have shalwar (trousers) and a kameez.
6. Passive voice to be + 3d form of the verb (is / are made)
In Thailand an Indian-style chicken curry ___________ (serve) alongside Thai curries.
Yoga __ now ____________(recognize) all over the world as an intelligent form of exercise.
But these days the word __ usually ______ (use) to describe anyone who knows a lot about a certain subject and __________ (consider) an expert.
But the original pyjama suit __ still _________ (wear) in India.
Pyjamas are only the loose trousers, and these __________(wear) with a very long shirt called a kurta.
Present continues
A lot of companies are using pictures of people doing yoga dressed in white to sell their products.
1. Put questions to this sentence.
2. Passive voice to be + being + 3d form of the verb (is / are being made)
More and more different types of yoga ________________ (develop) and the original poses have been adapted to suit modern needs.
The show __ now _______________________ (show) on Broadway – the first Indian-themed musical to be shown there.
Present Perfecthave/has + 3d form of the verb (have / has made)
1. Put the verbs in brackets into present perfect.
Let’s look at some ways Indian culture ____________ (influence) and inspired other cultures around the world. Indian food, especially its richly spiced dishes which are called ‘curry’ outside India, ___________(become) a worldwide favourite. There are plenty of words used by people all over the world which ______________(come) from Indian languages.
2. Passive voice have / has been + 3d form of the verb (have / has been made)
More and more different types of yoga are being developed and the original poses ___________________ (adapt) to suit modern needs.
Present Perfect or Past Simple
Put the verbs in brackets in Present Perfect or Past Simple
1. Fifty seven years ago Jawaharlal Nehru____________________ (claim) independence for this huge country and its massive population.
2. First, Indian food, especially its richly spiced dishes which are called ‘curry’ outside India, _____________________ (become) a worldwide favourite.
3. This is a body or hair wash, but _____________________ (be) originally a body scrub with herbs and warm water. A guru _________________ (be) originally a Hindu religious teacher, but these days the word is usually used to describe anyone who knows a lot about a certain subject and is considered an expert.
4. Yoga ________________ (start) in India a long time ago.
5. Indian culture ______________ (influence) and ________________ (inspire) us.
6. Indians ____________________ (never / call) their food 'curry'.
7. Kurtas ________________________ (to be worn) in India for centuries.
Present Perfect Continues have /has been + ing form of the verb (have / has been making)
Emphasis on duration(how long)
Put the verbs in Present Perfect Continues
1. Indians ____________________________(wear) pyjamas for centuries.
2. India ______________________________ (celebrate) its birthday on August the 15th since Jawaharlal Nehru claimed independence 70 years ago.
From Active into Passive
Rewrite these sentences using passive voice.
1. Pyjamas _______________________________________________
2. August the 15th_________________________________________