| 1. The future nanosystems will be hybrids of silicon technology and biological molecular machines. | |
| 2. People are sure of effectiveness of nanotechnology. | |
| 3. The future implications of nanotechnologies are uncertain. | |
| 4. Nanotechnology deals with theoretical study of particles on an atomic and molecular scale. |
24. Определите, какое утверждение не соответствует содержанию текста.
| 1. Nanotechnology researches how to control matter on an atomic and molecular scale. | |
| 2. Nanotechnology studies not only structures of the size 100 nanometers or smaller. | |
| 3. Molecular nanotechnology is based on the principle of mechanosynthesis. | |
| 4. Nanotechnology has the possibility of designing new materials to be applied in different fields. |
25. Ответьте на вопрос
What problem do scientists dealing with molecular nanotechnology face?
| 1. Nanotechnology deals with developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale. | |
| 2. Nanotechnology has no definite future. | |
| 3. Some people consider it’s impossible to mechanically manipulate individual molecules. | |
| 4. It is very difficult to assemble devices on the atomic scale. |
26. Укажите, в какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) содержится ответ на вопрос
How is it possible to produce a desired structure or device on an atomic scale?
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| 2. 4 | |
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27. Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея
Nanotechnology studies the possibility of monitoring matter on the atomic scale.
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| 2. 2 | |
| 3. 1 | |
| 4. 3 |
28. Определите основную идею текста.
| 1. Nanotechnology challenges many problems because it is quite a new study. | |
| 2. Now it is possible to produce a desired structure or device on an atomic scale. | |
| 3. Nanotechnology is a very diverse study. | |
| 4. Nanotechnology has doubtful future implications. |
Текст № 5. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Renewable energy
1. Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources. In its various forms, it derives directly from the sun. wind. rain, tides, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. Each of these sources has unique characteristics which influence how and where they are used.
2. The majority of renewable energy technologies are powered by the sun. The Earth-Atmosphere system is in equilibrium so that heat radiation into space is equal to incoming solar radiation, the resulting level of energy within the Earth-Atmosphere system can roughly be described as the Earth's "climate."
3.The hydrosphere absorbs a major fraction of the incoming radiation. Most radiation is absorbed at low latitudes around the equator, but this energy is dissipated around the globe in the form of winds and ocean currents. Wave motion may play a role in the process of transferring mechanical energy between the atmosphere and the ocean through wind stress. Solar energy is also responsible for the distribution of precipitation which is tapped by hydroelectric projects, and for the growth of plants used to create biofuels.
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4. While most renewable energy projects and production is large-scale, renewable technologies are also suited to small off-grid applications, sometimes in rural and remote areas, where energy is often crucial in human development. Some renewable energy technologies are criticized for being intermittent or unsightly, yet the renewable energy market continues to grow. Climate change concerns, coupled with high oil prices, peak oil. and increasing government support, are driving increasing renewable energy legislation, incentives and commercialization.
(Encyclopedia Wikipedia)
Задание № 23
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.
Варианты ответов
1)Sources of renewable energy have much in common.
2)All renewable energy is generated by the Sun.
3)Some renewable energy technologies being criticized, the renewable energy market is increasing.
4)The Earth «climate» constitutes the resulting level of energy solar radiation
Задание № 24
Определите, какое утверждение не соответствует содержанию текста.
Варианты ответов
1) Every source of renewable energy has its designation.
2) Independently of location, renewable energy projects and production are practicable.
3) Renewable energy needs to be constantly replenished.
4) Natural processes are the sources of renewable energy
Задание № 25
Ответьте на вопрос
What power do most renewable energy technologies use?
Варианты ответов
1)People put into practice most renewable energy projects and production.
2)The hydrosphere absorbs a major fraction of the incoming radiation.
3)Natural processes provide all renewable energy.
4)The sun is power for most renewable energy technologies.
Задание № 26
Укажите, в какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) содержится ответ на вопрос
Why is renewable energy valuable?
Варианты ответов
1) 1
2) 3
3) 4
4) 2
Задание № 27
Укажите, в какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая идея
Renewable energy sources are interrelated.
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Варианты ответов
1) 1
2) 3
3) 4
4) 2
Задание № 28
Определите основную идею текста.
Варианты ответов
1)The renewable energy technologies promote people not to live everywhere they want.
2)The Earth climate is affected by the incoming solar radiation.
3)Renewable energy is the kind of energy which is naturally replenished.
4)Renewable energy is vitally important for people.
Текст № 6. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
How Batteries Work
1. Ail electrical battery is a combination of one or more electrochemical cells, used to convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Since the invention of the first Voltaic pile in 1S00 by Alessandro Volta, the battery has become a common power source for many household and industrial applications.
2. Inside the battery itself, a chemical reaction produces the elections. The speed of election production by this chemical reaction (the batten's internal resistance) controls how many elections can flow between the terminals. Elections flow from the battery into a wire, and must travel from the negative to the positive terminal for the chemical reaction to take place. That is why a battery can be stored on a shelf for a year and still have plenty of power. Once you connect a wire, the reaction starts. 3. Batteries may be used once and discarded, or recharged for years as in standby power applications. Miniature cells are used to power devices such as hearing aids and wristwatches; larger batteries provide standby power for telephone exchanges or computer data centers.
Задание № 29
Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
Batteries’ long life is provided by …
1) the possibility of its recharging
2) the peculiarity of chemical reaction taking place inside them
3) people's care fill service
4) their stored power
Задание № 30
Определите основную идею текста
1) Battery represents a potential energy source as it can be stored for some time and still be powerful.
2) People can't do without batteries nowadays as they are used to power some important devices.
3) Batten* has become a common power source due to peculiarity of its energy generation as well as simplicity and significance of its application.
4) An electrical battery is a combination of one or more electrochemical cells, used to convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy.
Задание № 31
Ответьте на вопрос
Why do people use batteries?
1) Batteries represent a potential source of energy.
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2) People use batteries to meet their personal needs.
3) People use batteries due to their convenience and significance of application.
4) Batteries are used for many industrial and household applications.
Задание № 32
Определите какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.
1) People use batteries because they don't have an alternative source of power.
2) The capacities of batteries surpass other energy sources.
3) The conversion of chemical energy into electrical makes batteries the source of power.
4) Batteries are a comparatively new source of energy.