People treat technologies differently … because they can be created for various purposes
27 Ответьте на вопрос:
Why is the development of technology vitally important for people? Technology provides people with the ability to control and adapt to their natural environments.
28 Определите основную идею текста. Technology promotes people’s development in different spheres but its possible outcomes should be carefully examined before its wide application.
25 Electricity 1. Electricity is a flow of negative charges called electrons. These electric charges are measured in units called coulombs. Electricity is a very versatile form of energy that can be converted into many other forms of energy, including light and heat, direct current (DC), which flows in one direction only, and alternating current (AC), which changes direction 60 times per second.
2. An electric circuit is an unbroken conducting path from, and back to, a power supply. It has three main parts: the power supply, the conductor, and the load. The power is provided by a generator or battery, the conductor carries the current, and the load is an electric device such as a lamp.
3. Unlike current electricity, static electricity does not flow. It is created when an electrically neutral substance loses or gains electrons, making it, respectively, positively or negatively charged. You can create static electricity by rubbing a balloon on your clothing. Electrons will move from the clothing to the balloon, making the balloon negatively charged and the clothing positively charged. The resulting static electricity on each will attract small, light objects such as pieces of paper.
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста. Electricity can be changed into various energy forms.
26 Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
The kind of electricity which can be created at friction is called … static electricity
27 Ответьте на вопрос:
What device is designated for the continuous flow of electric current? Electrical circuit allows electrons to flow through continuously without beginning or end.
28 Определите основную идею текста. Electricity is a very changeable energy form being presented by different kinds.
25 Light 1. The form of energy that illuminates our world is called light. It usually comes from hot objects, like the sun or fire, but it is also produced by electricity and some chemical reactions. Light is the only part of the electromagnetic spectrum (which includes microwaves, ultraviolet rays, and X-rays) that is invisible to the human eye. It travels at 186,000 miles (300,000 km) per second, and nothing can travel faster. Like other forms of energy, light travels in waves, but it can also travel in packets of energy called quanta. This enables it to travel through a vacuum.
2. Light rays are reflected when they hit a shiny or silvered surface, such as a still pool of water or a mirror. Reflection involves two light rays: the incoming ray and the reflected ray which bounces off the reflecting surface. The two rays are at identical angles to the reflecting surface on either side of an imaginary line.
3. Refraction is a property of all types of energy that travel in waves, including light. Light waves normally travel in straight lines, but when they pass from one transparent material to another, they usually refract, or bend. Refraction occurs because light travels at different speeds in different materials. As light from a material with a low density, such as air, enters a material with a high density, such as water, its speed is reduced. This causes it to bend (except when it enters a material at a right angle).
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста. In the form of quanta light rays can travel through a vacuum.
26 Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
Unlike all other kinds of electromagnetic radiation light … is able to be seen
27 Ответьте на вопрос:
What quality do all energy forms travelling in ways hold? They possess the property of refraction.
28 Определите основную идею текста. Light possesses both its own distinctive characteristics and properties belonging to many other energy forms.
25 Deforestation 1. Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a nonforest use. The term deforestation is often misused to describe any activity where all trees in an area are removed. However in temperate climates, the removal of all trees in an area – in conformance with sustainable forestry practices – is correctly described as regeneration harvest. In temperate climates, natural regeneration of forest stands often will not occur in the absence of disturbance, whether natural or anthropogenic.
2. Deforestation occurs for many reasons: trees or derived charcoal are used as, or sold, for fuel or as lumber while cleared land is used as pasture for livestock, plantations of commodities and settlements.
3. The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has resulted in damage to habitat, biodiversity loss and aridity. It has adverse impacts on biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Deforested regions typically incur significant adverse soil erosion and frequently degrade into wasteland. Deforestation also causes extinction, changes to climatic conditions, desertification, and displacement of populations as observed by current conditions and in the past through the fossil record.
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to agriculture or urban use.
26 Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
Deforestation is an undesirable process … when it is carried out without sufficient reforestation
27 Ответьте на вопрос:
What factors influence natural regeneration of forest stands in temperate climate? It is caused by humans’ or natural interference.
28 Определите основную идею текста. Deforestation should be practiced in a proper way in order to avoid numerous harmful effects.
ЗАДАНИЕ N 29 Тема: Оформление делового письма
Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке.
1. NORP
Freeport High School
Freeport, VT 66622
2. October 24, 2002
3. Ms Iva Stravinsky
Attorney-at-Law
200 Center Street
Freeport, VT 66622
4. Dear Ms Stravinsky:
5. Thank you for the wonderful lecture on «Proposed Changes in the Financing of Medicare». The membership and I appreciate your contribution to our club.
6. Yours truly,
7. Henry Purcell
President
1) Department of Geological Sciences
Queen's University
Kingston, Ontario
2) March 16, 2010
3) Dr. Claire Samson
Geological Survey of Canada
615 Booth Street, Room 204
Ottawa, Ontario
4) Dear Dr. Samson,
5) We are pleased to invite you to a reception on April 21, 2010 to be held in honour of Prof. Marilyn Gomez, the newest member of the faculty in the Department of Geological Sciences.
6) Sincerely yours,
7) James Kandick,
Chairman
1. Thomas R. Hood Associates
Fourth and Pine Streets
Los Angeles, CA 88888
2. September 22, 2009
3. ABC Corporation
132 Long Street
Cottown, CA 88668
4. Dear Sir:
5. This is to acknowledge receipt of the housing contract that I requested.
6. Yours truly,
7. Thomas R. Hood
1) 41 Rose Street
Grange, ND 44344
2) 15 September 2010
3) Open University
300 North Boulevard
Greenville, ND 44444
4) Dear Sir or Madam,
5) Please send me a brochure on your open university and an application form. I am interested in classical languages.
6) Thank you in advance,
7) Florence White
ЗАДАНИЕ N 30 Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером на конверте с тем, что она обозначает.
1. the sender
2. the house number in the return address
3. the ZIP Code in the return address
4. the addressee
5. the street name in the mailing address
6. the state name in the mailing address
1) the street name in the return address
2) the town the letter comes from
3) the country the letter comes from
4) the addressee
5) the addressee’s house number
6) the ZIP Code in the mailing address
1) the sender
2) the town the letter comes from
3) the country the letter comes from
4) the addressee’s house number
5) the town in the mailing address
6) the country in the mailing address
ЗАДАНИЕ N 31 Определите, к какому виду делового документа относится представленный ниже отрывок.
Inquiry Replies
Letter of Complaint
Advertising letter
Inquiry Letter
Contract
This is to call …convenience. Letter of Complait
I have seen …$34.95. order letter
We are honored to…Linguistics. Invitation Letter
August 2007-present… .Resume
We are …$560. Statement
ЗАДАНИЕ N 32 Выберите слова или словосочетания для заполнения пропусков так, чтобы они отражали особенности оформления служебной записки:
1. Marketing Executive 2. Jonathon Fitzgerald
3. DateFall 4. Clothes Line Promotion
1. To
2. Welcoming John Smith
3. John
4. Michael Brown
1) From
2) 10 April
3) Subject
4) personnel@cam.uk
1) To
2) Date
3) Career news for Mary Brown
4) Management