Группа 1ТЭО-18 Дата: 21.10.2020г. Тема: Профессиональная лексика.
Срок сдачи: 28.10.2020г.
Ознакомьтесь и запишите правило Passive Voice (Пассивный залог).
В английском языке глаголы употребляются в активном и пассивном залоге. Если подлежащим предложения является субъект действия (лицо или предмет, который производит действие), то глагол-сказуемое употребляется в активном залоге: The director and the accountant sign financial documents. Если подлежащим предложения является объект действия (лицо или предмет, на которые направлено действие), то глагол-сказуемое употребляется в пассивном залоге: Financial documents are signed by the director and the accountant.
Все временные формы пассивного залога в английском языке образуются из соответствующих времен вспомогательного глагола to be и причастия прошедшего времени основного глагола: to be Participle II
Следовательно, в пассивном залоге употребляются четыре временные формы группы Indefinite, две временные формы группы Continuous и четыре временные формы группы Perfect:
| Tense | Indefinite | Continuous | Perfect |
| Present | am is offered are | am is being offered are | have been offered has |
| Past | was offered were | was being offered were | had been offered |
| Future | shall be offered will | shall have been offered will |
В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол стоит перед подлежащим: Where were new deposits of oil discovered?
В отрицательной форме частица not стоит после вспомогательного глагола: The telegram was not sent there.
Пассивный залог употребляется тогда, когда в центре внимания собеседников есть лицо или предмет, на которые направленное действие (объект действия). Субъект действия при этом по большей части не указывается: Our company was founded 150 years ago. При необходимости субъект действия может быть выражен с помощью дополнения с предлогом by или with: The equipment was tested by our experts.
2. Прочитайте и переведите текст устно. Read and translate the text “Types of Current” (Виды тока)
Current is a flow of electricity through a circuit. Let us consider two types of current: direct and alternating.
A direct current (d.c.) flows through a conducting circuit in one direction only. It flows provided a direct voltage source is applied to the circuit.
An alternating current (a.c.) is a current that changes its direction of flow through a circuit. It flows provided an alternating voltage source is applied to the circuit. Alternating current flows in cycles. The number of cycles per second is called the frequency of the current. In a 60-cycle alternating current circuit the current flows in one direction 60 times and in the other direction 60 times per second.
It is easy to transform a.c. power from one voltage to another by a transformer. Transformers are also used to step down the voltage at the receiving point of the line to the low values that are necessary for use. When necessary a.c. can be changed into d.c. but this is seldom necessary.
Among the most common meters used there are the ohmmeter, the ammeter and the voltmeter. The ohmmeter is used to measure the value of resistance. It consists of a millimeter calibrated to read in ohms, a battery and resistors. The meter is connected in parallel and the circuit is not opened when its resistance is measured. The readings on the scale show the measured value. The ammeter is used to measure the value of current. When the ammeter is used the circuit should be opened at one point and the terminals of the meter should be connected to it. One should take into consideration that the positive terminal of ammeter is connected to the positive terminal of the source; the negative terminal to the negative terminal of the source. The ammeter should be connected in series. The readings on the scale show the measured value.
Выполните упражнения письменно.
Exercise 1. Find the following words and words combinations in the text. Напишите через тире перевод
| 1. электричество | 10. число циклов |
| 2. цепь | 11. частота тока |
| 3. измерять | 12. измеритель |
| 4. постоянный ток | 13. параллельно |
| 5. переменный ток | 14. амперметр |
| 6. направление | 15. вольтметр |
| 7. источник напряжения | 16. омметр |
| 8. величина сопротивления | 17. величина тока |
| 9. градуированный | 18. измерительная величина |
Exercise 2. Find the sentences in Passive voice in the text and write them down. Выпишите из текста предложения в пассивном залоге.
Exercise 3. Answer the questions. Письменно ответьте на вопросы
1. What is current?
- What types of current do you know?
- What are the most common meters?
Exercise 4. Read the statement. Decide whether that sentence is true or false. Напишите, правдиво или нет высказывание.
1. There are three types of current.
2. An alternating current changes its direction of flow through a circuit.
3. A direct current flows through a conducting circuit in many directions.
4. The ammeter is used to measure the value of resistance.
5. The ohmmeter is used to measure the value of resistance
6. The positive terminal of ammeter is connected to the negative terminal of the source; the negative terminal to the negative terminal of the source.
Exercise 5. Complete the sentences. Закончите предложение
1. Current is …………….
2. The frequency of the current is…………………
3. The ohmmeter consists of ……………………….
4. The ammeter should be connected in………….
5. The ammeter measures………………………..
6. The ohmmeter measures……………………….