Т.И. ВЕРБИЦКАЯ
LEARN TO SOLVE PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ ПО РАЗВИТИЮ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО- ЗНАЧИМЫХ КОММУНИКАТИВНЫХ УМЕНИЙ И НАВЫКОВ
СТУДЕНТОВ-ПСИХОЛОГОВ
Калининград
Издательство Калининградского государственного университета
Составитель канд. пед. наук, доцент Т.И. Вербицкая
Рецензент: канд пед.наук Л.А. Петрова
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Пособие представляет собой сборник текстов, лексических и коммуникативных упражнений, подобранных по тематическому принципу, которые затрагивают вопросы, отражающие основные направления в работе практикующего психолога. Данное пособие предназначено для студентов I-III курсов дневного и заочного отделений факультета педагогики и психологии для использования на аудиторных занятиях, а также в процессе самостоятельной подготовки с целью формирования профессиональной компетенции студентов через иностранный язык. Пособие может быть использовано для работы со студентами других гуманитарных специальностей.
UNIT 1
ABOUT MYSELF AND MY FUTURE PROFESSION
Learn these words:
| sympathetic | милый/приятный | reliable | надежный/верный |
| selfish | эгоистичный | tolerant | терпимый |
| cheerful | радостный/веселый | tactful | тактичный |
| gloomy | мрачный/угрюмый | boastful | хвастливый |
| generous | великодушный/щедрый | helpful | полезный |
| shy | застенчивый/робкий | brilliant | замечательный |
| modest | скромный/сдержанный | difficult | неуживчивый/капризный |
| tactless | бестактный | pessimistic | пессимистический |
| jealous | ревнивый/завистливый | easy-going | беззаботный/добродушный |
| optimistic | оптимистический | sociable | общительный |
| self-centered | эгоистичный | miserable | жалкий |
| disgusting | отвратительный | irritating | раздражающий |
| mental activity | умственная деятельность | human behaviour | человеческое поведение |
| investigate | изучать | life span | жизненный отрезок |
| health care | забота о здоровье | emotionally distressed | эмоционально расстроенный |
| relationship | взаимосвязь | nervous system | нервная система |
| memory | память | attention | внимание |
| perception | восприятие | hunger | голод |
| behaviour | поведение | anger | злость |
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Text A:
Pre-text activity 1:
Can you tell the other students what kind of person you are? Are you shy? Cheerful? Reliable? Optimistic? …? What do you like and dislike? What do you do in your spare time?
Read and translate the following passages, then describe yourself, your friends and members of your family.
***
I’m five foot height. I’m not sure what that is on the metric scale – I think it’s one meter seventy, or something like that. So I’m quite tall. I’m overweight I think, although people say I’m not. I don’t know how much I weigh, cause I always find it too depressing to weigh myself. I don’t feel I take as much exercise as I should. I used to go to a gym, but I found it really boring. My main exercise is walking – I walk everywhere – and swimming, which is fine for giving you good stamina and broad shoulders, and it’s good for your heart and lungs. I have very short hair. I had it cut recently because if you go to swimming every day, which I try to, then it’s much more convenient to have really short hair. It doesn’t get in the way, you can dry it really quickly, you don’t have to take gel and all sorts of hair products to the swimming pool every time you go. It’s light brown. It’s much fairer in the summer, and in the winter it gets darker. I have blue eyes. I wear contact lenses – well I wear one, in one eye.
***
I think I’m quite easy-going. I get more stressed out than I used to, but I think it’s just the pressure of work, as journalism can be quite stressful. As a journalist, you always have deadlines. You have to write something by a certain time and if you don’t get it done, then the editor gets really mad. I think I’m quite shy, I never really used to like meeting people, and got quite shy and nervous and had nothing to say for myself, but now I feel much more comfortable. If you have a job or something you can tell people about, you can have self-confidence.
***
I’m not particularly religious. My family isn’t religious at all. We never went to church. The only times I’ve been to church recently were weddings and funerals. I remember when I was little though, I used to really love singing. At the age of about seven, I wanted to go to church because I wanted to sing the hymns, as they have good tunes. So my attitude to life is not particularly religious, although I do believe in some kind of spiritual life. In the spiritual world. I find the Eastern religions much more appealing. I think reincarnation is a fascinating subject and I believe in it to some extent. I feel you always have to keep an open mind, be prepared to learn new things and meet new people, and always try to live in the best way that you can and not hurt other people.
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***
Maria has a very gentle personality. She has a passionate interest in music, and also in poetry and literature. She is very open-minded, and assimilates new ideas very easily. I’m not as disciplined as her, and I am not so good at being tidy in appearance, or keeping my clothes in the right place, or putting all my things away, and I think that on the whole, I’m not such a tidy person as she is. It seems natural to her to keep everything in its place. When she does something, she does it very carefully, precisely and accurately. I think that I’m more lazy than her overall.
***
My father is very hard working, but I think that he uses this as a shield against other parts of his life. For a long time, he cut off his feelings by pouring all of his energy and attention into his work. Generally, he has quite a depressive personality. He lets things get on top of him, things make him sad very easily, and he finds it very hard to let go of his sadness. He has quite and addictive personality. He smokes a lot of cigarettes, and drinks a lot of coffee and tea all day. He has very unusual sleeping patterns. Sometimes he stays up all night working, and in the daytime he sleeps.
***
One of my friends, Anita, is a Tibetan Buddhist, and has a very strong personality. Indeed, she is quiet a special person. She is 23 years old, has 2 children aged four and three, and somehow manages to fulfill all of the responsibilities of being a mother, a career woman, and a full-time student at a Buddhist University. Sometimes she has to hire a baby-sitter during the day-time, but these instances are getting rare now. She seems to have so much energy, and never stops doing things. I really don’t know how she can fit so much into her life. She is a really full-power person. In all situations she seems to be able to keep a level head. She is younger than me but she is very wise, and if I’m in trouble of feeling sad, or if I need adviсe, I always go to talk to her. In business matters, she’s also a very wonderful person to know. She’s very straightforward, clear, and very honest. I’ve known her for 3 years now. Our friendship doesn’t stop growing.
2. Interview your partner and your teacher and find out as much as possible about him/her? Then find out (asking questions) which of the students:
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| Gets up at 7:00 | Likes chocolate | Is from a small town | Is married | Has a dog |
| Lives in a hostel | Likes to go bowling | Favourite color is green | Has more brothers than sisters | Favorite class is English |
| Drinks coffee | Eats health food | Free | Likes to swim | Sometimes forgets to brush teeth |
| Takes shower in the morning | Is wearing black shoes | Wears contact lenses | Is dating someone from another country | Eats lunch at 12 noon |
| Likes fast food | Is afraid of spiders | Speaks more than two languages | Never eats supper | Keeps to a diet |
| Likes watching football matches | Is shy | Plays the piano | Wants to be a teacher | Can drive a car |
Text B:
Pre-text activity 2:
Do you know:
1. The origin of the word “psychology”?
2. The subject-matter of psychology?
3. The place of psychology in the system of sciences?
4. The primary activities of a community psychologist, an engineering
psychologist and a personality psychologist?
1. Read and translate the text:
SCOPE OF PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology as a science studies mental activity and human behaviour. Psychologists study basic functions such as learning, memory, language, thinking, emotions, and motives. They investigate development throughout the life span from birth to death. They are involved in mental and physical health care. They treat people who are emotionally distressed.
Psychology occupies a strategic position between natural and social sciences on the one hand, and between sciences and humanities, on the other.
Diagram to illustrate the place of psychology among the sciences and humanities
| I. Natural Sciences Physics Chemistry Pharmacology Mathematics II. Social Sciences Anthropology Sociology Economics Political Science Linguistics | Zoology - Neurophysiology and Anatomy - Psychology | III. Humanities Philosophy Literature History of Art Religion IV. Applications Education Law and criminology Management Medicine Psychiatry |
Each of the subjects listed in the four groups has its own relationship with psychology. For example, knowledge of physics and chemistry is necessary to provide a scientific basis for experimental psychology. Psychology is also closely linked to sociology. But whereas sociologists direct their attention to groups, group processes, and social forces, social psychologists focus on group and social influences on individuals. Psychology and biology are also closely connected. Physiological psychologists investigate the role of the brain and the nervous system in such functions as memory, language, sleep, attention, movement, perception, hunger, anger and joy. On the other hand, psychologists took much from the theory of knowledge, logic and philosophy of science. Besides, psychology separated from philosophy.
The word «psychology» is derived from the Greek word meaning «study of the mind or soul». So in the definition of psychology there are three basic words: «science», «behaviour», «mental processes».«Science» means rational investigationof processes and phenomena. By «behaviour» psychologists mean everything that people and animals do: actions, emotions, ways of communication, developmental processes. «Mentalprocesses» characterize the work of the mind and the nervous system.
2. Study this table:
| Specialist | Primary activities |
| Clinical psychologist | Assesses and treats people with psychological problems; conducts research |
| Counseling psychologist | Counsels people with adjustment problems and promotes achievement in educational and work settings; combines research, consultation and treatment |
| Industrial psychologist | Combines research, consultation, and program development to enhance morale and efficiency on the job |
| Educational psychologist | Develops, designs and evaluates materials and procedures for educational programs |
| Social psychologist | Studies how people influence one another |
| Developmental psychologist | Studies change in behaviour with age |
| Experimental psychologist | Conducts research |
| School psychologist | Establishes programs, consults, treats youngsters’ problems, and does research in the school setting |
| Cognitive psychologist | Studies mental processes |
| Community psychologist | Treats distressed people within the community; initiates community action and develops community programs to enhance mental health |
| Engineering psychologist | Designs and evaluates environments, machinery, training devices, programs, and systems to improve relationships between people and environment |
| Personality psychologist | Studies how and why people differ from one another and how those differences can be assessed |
| Psychological psychologist | Studies the physical bases of behaviour and cognition |
| Psychometric psychologist | Develops and evaluates tests; designs research to measure psychological functions |
3. Answer the following questions:
1.What basic functions do psychologists study?
2. What position does psychology occupy among the sciences and humanities?
3.What basic words are there in the definition of psychology? What do they mean?
4. Why is there a great number of different specialists in the field of psychology?
5. Which group of psychology experts is the largest?
4. Give English equivalents for:
Память; мышление; естественные науки; гуманитарные науки; внимание; восприятие; определение; общение; лечить; оценивать; окружающая среда.
5.Give all possible derivatives of the following words:
psychology science relate
human perceive observe
6. Discuss the following questions:
1. Who or what influenced on your decision to take up psychology?
2. What psychology specialist would you like to be and why?
7. Develop the following situations making up dialogues:
1. You are going to enter the Psychology Faculty but your parents object. You
are trying to persuade them that psychology is one of the basic fields of knowledge.
2. Ask you friend if they know the differences in the specialities of a
psychologist, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. If they don’t enlighten them.
3. You are interviewing a famous psychologist. What possible questions could
you ask about the development of psychology as a separate discipline.
8. Translate into English:
Слово «психология» образовано из двух греческих: “psyche”- душа и “Logos” – слово, учение. Оно имеет два значения: психология как наука и психология как совокупность особенностей характера, внутренний мир человека. Именно во втором смысле мы говорим о психологии того или иного человека, группы людей, даже животных, особенно наших домашних кошек и собак.
Такое понимание легло в основу житейской психологии, которая обобщает и закрепляет опыт многих поколений людей, наш собственный жизненный опыт. Она лежит в основе нашего представления об окружающих нас людях, о самих себе, о причине поступков, мотивах поведения, успехах и неудачах. Всякий человек, даже никогда специально не изучавший психологию, постоянно объясняет свои собственные поступки, слова и поведение других людей. И эти объяснения основываются на его представлениях о мотивах поведения, мыслях, чувствах, ощущениях, эмоциях. Без этого нормальная жизнь людей невозможна.
9. Speak on the following topic: “Psychology is my future profession.” Don’t forget to give information about yourself and your character. Say what or who influenced on your decision to become psychologist and what field of psychology you are going to major in.
UNIT 2