Variant II
Exercise 1
Translate the text
Manufacturing technology is the technology of process control. Machines, human labour, and the organization of work control a manufacturing process. The new technology dictates changes in the nature and organization of manufacturing and in the machines.
The English system of manufacture originated in the 18th century when machine tools, such as lathes, were invented. Lathes could fabricate a variety of workpieces. The American system of manufacture emerged in the mid-1800s.
The era of scientific management began in the late 1800s with the works of F.W. Taylor. 1 le was a U.S. mechanical engineer whose principles of manufacturing management are known as Taylorism. He recognized that workers' activities could be measured, analyzed, and controlled. Using a job analysis and time study, he determined a standard rate of output for each job. Next came the era of process improvement in the mid-20th century. It was based on statistical process control (SPC). This statistical process control directed management's attention away from the worker toward machines. Scientific management is concerned with manufacturing problems. SPC is concerned with the dynamism of the process.
NOTE
process control - управление (производственным) статистическим процессом.
Exercise 2
Give English equivalents to:
1) в середине 1800-х годов;
2) производить разнообразные детали;
3) эра научного менеджмента;
4) направлять внимание;
5) эра усовершенствования процесса.
Exercise 3
Give Russian equivalents to:
1) human labour;
2) nature and organization of manufacturing;
3) to emphasize precision and interchangeability of parts;
4) the system originated in the late-1800s;
5) to determine a standard rate.
Exercise 4
Put in objective pronouns instead of personal and translate the following sentences.
Model: 1. We know (they) to win competition. We know them to win the competition.
Мы знаем, что они выиграют соревнование.
2.Не heard (she) paint pictures. He heard her paint pictures.
Он слышал, что она рисует картины.
1. Не has never heard (she) go by plane.
2. We want (they) to investigate this crash as soon as possible.
3. They suppose (it) to be very important for our work.
4. Specialists know (w'e) to be interested in the flight data.
5. I saw (he) looking for his daughter after the crash.
Exercise 5
Make the Gerunds (-ing forms) from the verbs in brackets and translate the sentences.
Model: 1. Everybody learns much by _ (to travel) around the world.
Everybody learns much by traveling around the world.
Все многое узнают, путешествуя no миру.
1. I object to your ___ __( to discuss) this project now.
2. ______ (To paint) boxes orange makes them more visible.
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3. Boxes don't burn due to __ ( to withstand) high temperature.
4. On __________ (to hear) the news about the crash in the sky we got upset.
5. ______ (To use) a computer is necessary.
Exercise 6
Choose the proper form, rewrite the sentences and translate them.
Model: 1. She said that they __ in Oxford.
A. lived. B. lives. C. will live.
She said that they lived in Oxford. Она сказала, что они живут в Оксфорде.
1. They asked me ___ the relatives about the crash.
A. informs
B. to inform
C. inform
2. She said that she _ many English people.
A. hadn't met
B. hasn't met
C. haven't met
3. They asked us where we ___ the orange box.
A. shall find
B. will find
C. should find
4. The boss said that they __ English at the conference.
A. were speaking
B. are speaking
C. is speaking
5. He announced that he ________ the plane crash in the sky.
A. was observing
B. is watching
C. watches
Exercise 7
Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below. Translate the sentences.
Models:
Has been waiting for, listen to
1. Heher since 7 о 'dock. He has been waiting for her since 7 6 'clock.
On ждет ее с семи часов.
2. You mustthe lecture attentively. You must listen to the lecture attentively.
Вы должны внимательно слушать лекцию.
Waited for, lost head, look at, put off, put on
1. We ____ him more than an hour and finally left.
2. Observing the plane falling down at such speed Jane ___ her ___
3. The instructor told us to ______ the parachutists.
4. ________ some warm clothes. It is cold outside.
5. The flight was______ till the morning.
Exercise 8
Translate the words in bold type into English and rewrite the sentences.
Model: She lives in Moscow but she lived in Spain in 2001, so she speaks (так) Spanish (так и) Russian. So she speaks both Spanish and Russian.
1. He left early (потому что) he was to meet a friend at the airport.
2. They will not go to the south (до тех пор пока не) the weather becomes fine.
3. We can (ни) come to you (ни) help you..
4. Як (как) doctors (так и) victims have already gathered in the hall.
5. What have you been doing (с тех пор как) the accident occurred.
VARIANT III
Exercise I
Translate the text
The Orange Black Box.
The famous box is familiar to most of us. It is legendary invincible. The “black" box is in fact painted fluorescent orange. It w'as originally called a black box in the days when anything to do with electronics was new and strange. They are painted orange nowadays to make them more easily visible in the event of a crash.
There are two kinds of black box: the Right data recorder (FDR) and the cockpit voice recorder (CVR).
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Both arc stores at the rear of an aircraft. There the fuselage meets the upper tail fin - the part of plans that has the best survival record. The same principle applies to human passengers - you're safer at the back.
Despite their reputation, neither box is in fact indestructible. They can withstand a temperature of 1,100° C for 30 minutes and 250° C for 10 hours. They must also be able to survive and impact force of 3,500 times the force of gravity.
Flight recorders are encased in tw'o thickness of platinum. Memory chips holds the flight data. While FDRs make an electronic record of the plane’s mechanical performance, CVRs record the communication between the crew. But they are still only recorded in 80 percent of accidents.
NOTE
Invincible - непобедимый, нерушимый
Exercise 2
Give English equivalents to:
1) легендарная нерушимость;
2) в случае катастрофы;
3) запись данных полета;
4) запись голосов в кабине;
5) выдерживать температуру.
Exercise 3
Gfive Russian equivalents to:
1) familiar to us;
2) to do with;
3) to survive an impact force;
4) the force if gravity;
5) to be encased.
Exercise 4
Put in objective pronouns instead of personal and translate the following sentences.
Models: 1. We know (they) to win the competition. We know them to win the competition.
Мы знаем, что они выиграют соревнование.
2. Не heard (she) paint pictures. He heard her paint pictures.
Он слышал, что она рисует картины.
1. They expect (wre) to put money in a bank.
2. She knows (he) to be a well - known banker.
3. He heard (she) shout at the employees.
4. The employers want (they) to increase labour productivity.
5. We consider (you) to make a report at the conference.
Exercise 5
Make the Gerunds (-ing forms) from the verbs in brackets and translate the sentences.
Model: 1. Everybody learns much by (to travel) around the world.
Everybody learns much by travelling around the world. Все многое узнают, путешествуя по миру.
1. By _____ (to do) nothing we learn nothing.
2. You can learn a foreign language by ______ (to watch) special programmes on TV.
3. He insisted on his assistant's(to repeat) the experiment.
4. ______ (to drive) a car is necessary for any person.
5. 1 know of your______(to have written) this article.
Exercise 6
Choose the proper form, rewrite the sentences and translate them.
Model: 1. She said that theyin Oxford.
A. lived. B. lives. C. will live.
She said that they lived in Oxford. Она сказала, что они живут в Оксфорде.
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1. We asked them if they ___ some money to buy a house.
A. save
B. had saved
C. has saved
2. The teacher told us.
A. listens to the text
B. will listen to the text
C. to listen to the text
3. She said that she____her money for nothing.
A. spends
B. had spent
C. spend
4. He promised that heyou up.
A. would ring
B. rings
C. will ring
5. She said theysince six o'clock.
A. have been waiting
B. has been waiting
C. had been waiting
Exercise 7
Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below. Translate the sentences.
Models:
Has been waiting for, listen to
1. He ______ her since 7 о 'clock. He has been waiting for her since 7
о 'clock. Он ждет ее с семи часов.
2. You mustthe lecture attentively. You must listen to the lecture attentively. Вы должны внимательно слушать лекцию.