1. They____________ the prices for coal.
2. He________________ with his friends at the conference.
3. People ____ smoking with great difficulty.
4. I_____ him because he lost his wallet yesterday.
5. His bill____ of two different sums.
Exercise 8
Translate the words in bold type into English and rewrite the sentences.
Model: She lives in Moscow but she lived in Spain in 2001, so she speaks (как) Spanish (так и) Russian. So she speaks both Spanish and Russian.
1. Many students failed (потому что) the exam was difficult.
2. (Hи) my friend (ни) I know anything about this deposit.
3. People spend money on goods (так же как и) on services.
4. Не will do it (как только) he obtains his salary.
5. I have not taken money from my account (с) September.
VARIANT IV
Exercise 1.
Translate the text.
Manufacturing is a cornerstone of all economic activities. We apply efforts to advance manufacturing technology continuously. It is vital to a richer and more stable future. Scientists develop next-generation advanced manufacturing technologies. Globalization presents a particular problem. A company may have various facilities located around the world. It depends upon the nature and purpose of its activities. A company needs a communications network that interconnects its multiple plants and other facilities. Such network is important for exchanging data through an international compatible communication system.
Companies need a common intercompany communications system that enables different firms to exchange information.
Future plants are based on the intelligent manufacturing system concept. They will include industrial robots, numerically controlled machine tools and production management system. The workplace has changed to. Today’s employers ask workers to do more. Now workers have to manage their workstations, schedule their time, think about quality, solve problems, and apply their skills to new technologies.
NOTE
compatible - совместный, сходный,
workstation - рабочее место.
Exercise 2
Give English equivalents to:
1) краеугольный камень
2) технологи следующего поколения
3) разнообразные возможности
4) обмениваться информацией
5) машины с числовым контролем
Exercise 3.
1) multiple plants;
2) to apply skills;
3) common communication system;
4) to enable firms to exchange information;
5) to schedule time.
Exercise 4.
Put in objective pronouns instead of personal and translate the following sentences.
Models: 1. We know (they) lo win the competition. We know them to win the competition.
Мы знаем, что они выиграют соревнование.
2. Не heard (she) paint pictures. He heard her paint pictures.
Он слышал, что она рисует картины.
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1. We expect (they) to join the association.
2. He heard (she) study better now.
3. She would like (I) to arrange the meeting.
4. You must not let (he) control our market.
5. The organization considers (we) to be members of the Community.
Exercise 5.
Маке the Gerunds (-ing forms) from the verbs in brackets and translate the sentences.
Model: 1. Everybody learns much by _____ (to travel) around the world
Everybody learns much by traveling around the world. Все многое узнают, путешествуя no миру.
1. At first we enjoyed _______ (to enter) the common market.
2. We do not mind your ________ (to control) trade in this region.
3. It’s no use ______ (to discuss) the prices.
4. ___________ (to raise) prices will not solve the problem.
5. (To regulate) ______________tariffs is our task.
Exercise 6.
Choose the proper form, rewrite the sentences and translate them.
Model: 1. She said that they__ in Oxford.
A. lived. B. lives. C. will live.
She said that they lived in Oxford. Она сказала, что они живут в Оксфорде.
1. The students said that they_______________their exams.
a) have passed
b) had passed
c) has passed
2. The leader asked John __________ him a new device.
a) to show
b) show
c) to have shown
3. They knew that a tariff ___________ a tax imposed on imported goods.
a) was
b) is
c) were
4. It was known they _______ oil.
a) will import
b) imports
c) would import
5. They reported this country ________ to restrict import.
a) was going
b) is going
c) goes
Exercise 7.
Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below. Translate the sentences.
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Models:
1. He ______her since 7 о 'clock. He has been wailing for her since 7 о 'clock. On ждет ее с семи часов.
2. You mustthe lecture attentively. You must listen to the lecture attentively. Вы должны внимательно слушать лекцию.
Depends on, make any difference, fight for, cut down, take off
1. Why haven’t you__ your expenses?
2. ___________your jacket. It's too hot here.
3. Does it _________to you which international organization we join?
4. People _____________ healthy environment.
5. Our work ___________the nature and purpose of a company's activities.
Exercise 8.
Translate the words in bold type into English and rewrite the sentences.
Model: She lives in Moscow hut she lived in Spain in 2001, so she speaks (так) Spanish (тик и) Russian. So she speaks both Spanish and Russian.
1. These goods are (не такие) expensive (как) we expected.
2. (хотя) taxes have increased the incomes have reduced.
3. I have not seen new goods (так что) I cannot say anything about them.
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4. Trade association regulates tariffs (в течение) many years.
5. They reduce trade restrictions (для того, чтобы) to promote export and import.
Variant V
Exercise 1.
Translate the text
Advertising.
Advertising is a form of selling. Advertising seeks to make people aware of things they need and to make them want these things. It tells what products or services are on the market, and how they can be obtained.
It describes new products and announces new uses and improved features of familiar ones. Advertising suggests that we might enjoy more nourishing foods, more attractive clothes, and more comfortable homes. In doing all these things, advertising helps us improve our way of living. It also shapes our tastes, habits, and customs.
Advertising messages are carried to large audiences by newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and other, means of mass communication.
National newspapers concentrate more on specialized advertising, especially for business and professional people. Local papers have a high proportion of advertisements devoted to the sale of cars and houses.
Advertising on British television is subject to strict regulations. It is limited to 7 minutes an hour. Advertising breaks may not be inserted in programmes for schools. No advertising of a political nature is allowed.
Advertisements for cigarettes and betting are prohibited. Advertisements must be legal, decent, honest and truthful. In Britain advertising in the press, the cinema and on posters is controlled by the Advertising Standards Authority.
Exercise 2.
Give English equivalents to;
1. посвящать чему-то
2. подвергать строгим правилам
3. описать продукт
4. улучшить свойства
5. формировать вкус, привычки и обычаи
Exercise 3.
Give Russian equivalents to:
1. means of mass communication;
2. to make people aware of things
3. legal, decent, honest and truthful advertisements;
4. a high proportion;
5. to be inserted.
Exercise 4
Put in objective pronouns instead of personal and translate the following sentences.
1. We know (they) to win he competition. We know them to win the competition. Мы знаем, что они выиграют соревнование.
2. Не heard (she) paint pictures. He heard her paint pictures.
Он слышал, что она рисует картины.
1. We heard (they) design a new device.
2. Engineers know (he) create principles of manufacturing management.
3. They advise (we) to use a job analysis.
4. He saw (she) control this worker's activity.
5. The manager considers (it) to concern manufacturing problems.
Exercise 5
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Make the Gerunds (-ing forms) from the verbs in brackets and translate the sentences.
Model: 1. Everybody learns much by _____ (to travel) around the world.
Everybody learns much by travelling around the world. Все многое узнают, путешествуя по миру.
1. Нe succeeded in_____ (to take) the first place in the competition.
2. She left the room without____(to say) a word.
3. ______(To read) the latest journals is important for every scientist.
4. Your_____(to study) much now will help you in your future work.
5. The problem is worth _____(to be solve).
Exercise 6
Choose the proper form, rewrite the sentences and translate them.
Models: 1. She said that theyin Oxford.
A. lived. B. lives. C. will live.
She said that they lived in Oxford. Она сказала, что они живут в Оксфорде.
1. She asked me where I___ a job analysis.
A. had made
B. makes
C. make
2. They said they____forward to the results of the experiment.
A. are looking
B. were looking
C. is looking
3. He asked her how long she f or the company.
A. has worked
B. is worked
C. had been working
4. We told them___ him on Friday.
A. to have met
B. meets
C. to meet
5. They promised that they scientific management.
A. will use
B. would use
C. use
Exercise 7
Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below. Translate the sentences.
Models:
Has been waiting for, listen to
1. He______ her since 7 о 'clock. He has been waiting for her since 7
о 'clock. Он ждет её с семи часов.
2. You must___ ___the lecture attentively. You must listen to the lecture attentively.
Вы должны внимательно слушать лекцию.
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1. Theyfrom danger.
2. Johnfor the meeting again.
3. When I telephoned, they told me that he had ____.
4. We shall have toour planet.
5. He was_____after his long working day.
Exercise 8
Translate the words in bold type into English and rew rite the sentences.
Model: She lives in Moscow but she lived in Spain in 2001, so she speaks (так) Spanish (так и) Russian. So she speaks both Spanish and Russian.
1. This conclusion needs no explanation (поскольку) it is self-evident.
2. Jim (не только) practices law (но) also teaches it.
3. They are working quickly (так что) they may finish it soon.
4. He was working in space (в течение) three weeks.
5. (хотя) she worked hard she didn't pass her exams.
Variant VI
Exercise 1.
Translate the text.
Man has always been fascinated by the possibility of life on other worlds. Then scientists began to develop instruments capable of analyzing distant planets. It was suggested that the atmospheres and temperature ranges of those planets should be different from those of the earth. More than 200,000 years passed between the appearance of the first men with really large brains and the first human.civilized society.
The earth is still known as life supporting planet. Great interplanetary distance is the major obstacle to exploration.
But scientists are developing machines for finding life. Scientists hope that man will make his first contact with living beings on another world. Progress grows faster and faster. Accepting the possibility of life is one thing. Proving it is another. Evolution on the earth has moved in the direction of more highly developed intelligence.
Perhaps civilization on other planets has reached the same take off point and became as the Earth's. If they're a thousand or a million years older they must be more advanced than the earth's civilization. They may destroy themselves with effective weapons.
Scientists hope that man will make his first contact with living beings on another world.
Exercise 2.
Give English equivalents to:
1) быть зачарованным
2) отдаленные планеты
3) главное препятствие
4) в направлении высокоразвитого интеллекта
5) точка взлета
Exercise 3.
Give Russian equivalents to:
1) interplanetary distance;
2) to be more advanced;
3) accept the possibility of life;
4) large brains;
5) to destroy themselves.
Exercise 4.
Put in objective pronouns instead of personal and translate the following sentences.
Model: 1. We know (they) to win competition. We know them to win the competition.
Мы таем, что очи выиграют соревнование.
2. Не heard (she) paint pictures. He heard her paint pictures.
Он слышан, что она рисует картины.
1. Не wants (she) to carry out the experiment carefully.
2. We saw (they) repair the equipment.
3. Nobody will make (1) give up smoking.
4. She has never heard (he) use this system.
5. They expect (you) to apply efforts to advance manufacturing technology.
Exercise 5.
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Make the Gerunds (-ing forms) from the verbs in brackets and translate the sentences.
Everybody learns much by traveling around the world. Все многое узнают, путешествуя no миру.
1. __ (To manufacture) is the base of all economic activities.
2. She likes to work without ___ (to be disturbed).
3. This team succeeded in ______ (to obtain) reliable results.
4. By ____ (to apply) their skills to new technologies workers solve the problems of their companies.
5.Such network is significant for_____ (to exchange) data.
Exercise 6.
Choose the proper form, rewrite the sentences and translate them.
Model: 1. She said that they ___in Oxford.
A. lived. B. lives. C. will live.
She said that they lived in Oxford.
Она сказала, что они живут в Оксфорде.
1. Scientists considered that next generation_ ____ manufacturing technologies.
A. would advance
B. will advance
C. advance
2. Everybody understood that globalization __ a particular problem.
A. presents
B. presented
C. present
3. The employer ordered the workers ____ their workstations.
A. to have managed
B. manage
C. to manage
4. The firm informed that the employers _____ this problem.
A. has solved
B. solve
C. had solved
5. We found out that these firms ___ data through an international communications system.
A. were exchanging
B. is exchanging
C. are exchanging
Exercise 7
Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below. Translate the sentences.
Models:
Has been waiting for, listen to
1. Heher since 7 о 'clock. He has been waiting for her since 7 о 'clock.
Он ждет ее с семи часов.
2. You must the lecture attentively. You must listen to the lecture attentively.
Вы должны внимательно слушать лекцию.
То go in for, took place, used to, made up their mind, get on with
1. People must _______________each other.
2. Robots____________substitute a man in heavy conditions.
3. The firm wants their workers_______ sports.
4. The Congress in the Constitutional hall.
5. The scientists of this institute ____________ to develop manufacturing technologies at this factory.
Exercise 8.
Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below. Translate the sentences.
Model: She lives in Moscow hut she lived in Spain in 2001? So she speaks (так) Spanish (так и) Russian, So she speaks both Spanish and Russian.
1. The manager (или) at the office (или) in the laboratory.
2. They gave me their report (т ак что) I might study it at home.
3. I have not seen such robots (c) the last exhibition in our city.
4. These machine tools are famous (не только) in Italy (нo) also in Spain.
5. The worker couldn't work there (из-за) the heavy conditions.
Variant VII
Exercise 1.
Translate the text.
Safe drinking water is often taken for granted in the modern world. But have you ever thought how important water is? All animals and plants are mostly water. A person's body is about 65 per cent water.
Water is used for washing and air conditioning, household work and gardening. Steel, gasoline, paper and most other products are made with the help of water. Power plants use ""water for cooling. Farm," of course, need water to grow food. We can easily see that life would be impossible without water. That is why it is so important to keep our water clean. Yet. polluted water is becoming very common.
One way of polluting water is to allow fertilizers and untreated wastes to wash from farms and building sites into waterways after rain. Human is making more wastes than nature can handle. More and better waste water treatment is needed. People fundamentally depend on recycled waste water for domestic use and drinking supplies. Over 50 per cent of the water drunk in Western Europe and North America is reprocessed. Finland and the Netherlands use more than 70 per cent reprocessed water, and Denmark and Sweden exceed 90 per cent. Clean i water is so important to our lives. We should make an effort to be sure we have enough of it.
Exercise 2.
Give English equivalents to:
1. считать само собой разумеющимся;
2. вот почему;
3. содержать воду чистой;
4. загрязненная вода;
5. убедиться.
Exercise 3.
Give Russian equivalents to:
1. to become common;
2. water treatment;
3. to depend on;
4. domestic use;
5. to make an effort.
Exercise 4.
Put in objective pronouns instead of personal and translate the following sentences.
Models: 1. We know (they) to win the competition. We know them to win the competition.
Мы знаем, что они выиграют соревнование.
1. Не heard (she) paint pictures. He heard her paint pictures.
Он слышал, что она рисует картины.
1. We watched (they) carry out the experiment.
2. You must not let (she) use this fax machine.
3. They advised (we) to change our cordless telephone.
4. I would like (he) to operate audio equipment.
5. He made (I) permit him to use my computers.
Exercise 5.
Make the Gerunds (-ing forms) from the verbs in brackets and translate the sentences.
Model: 1. Everybody learns much by __ (to travel) around the world.
Everybody learns much by traveling around the world.
Все многое узнают, путешествуя no миру.
1. At first I enjoyed __ (to play) computers games.
2. Go on____ (to operate) through a network of transmitters.
3. It is not worth___ (to worry) about.
4. They cannot help(to increase) number of households.
5. We postpone our visit because of John's_____(to be ill).
Exercise 6.
Choose the proper form, rewrite the sentences and translate them.
Model: I. She said that they___ in Oxford.
A. lived. 3. lives. C. will live.
She said that they lived in Oxford. On а сказала, что они живут а Оксфорде.
1. Tom said that Jerry__ his friend since their early childhood.
A. has been
B. had been
C. is
2. Dad asked him___ too far.
A. do not swim
B. not to swim
C. will not swim
3. He promised he__ my TV set.
A. would repair
B. will repair
C. repairs
4. The operator said that he_ a modern fax machine.
A. is looking for
B. are looking for nothing.
C. was looking for
5. Jane remarked that Ann's sister_ nothing.
A. did
B. has done
C. does
Exercise 7.
Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list beloxv. Translate the sentences.
Models:
Has been waiting for, listen to
1. He_____ her since 7 о 'clock. He has been waiting for her since о 'clock. Oн ждет ее с семи часов.
2. You must_____ the lecture attentively. You must listen to the lecture attentively. Вы должны внимательно слушать лекцию.
Got lost, broke down, ring....up, catch cold, cut off,
1. This answering machine has been_______.
2. He_____ ______ his computer.
3. ______him_____ please. We want to discuss the agreement with Peter as soon as possible.
4. She should not__ _______ after such a serious disease.
5. On our way to Boston we________.
Exercise 8.
Translate the words in bold type into English and rew rite the sentences.
Model: She lives in Moscow but she lived in Spain in 2001, so she speaks (так) Spanish (так и) Russian. So she speaks both Spanish and Russian.
1. We shall receive (или) a pocket telephone (или) answering machine.
2. I have ordered goods by "teleshopping" system (потому что) it is very convenient.
3. There are a lot of fax machines (так же как) answering machines.
4. Many homes use (не только) computers (но) electronic aids.
5. We shall not book travel tickets (до тех пор пока не) we learn the exact data.
Variant VIII
Exercise 1.
Translate the text.
Employment
People of working age can be divided into three groups: the employed, the self-employed, and the unemployed.
About two thirds of the work- force are employed in service industries; compared with one quarter in manufacturing industry. A number of government schemes, programmes were introduced to help unemployed people find work.
Many unemployed people look for work in advertisements, such as those in local newspapers. Others make their first search through the government Jobcentres, where local jobs are advertised and where individual advice is given. Training can also be obtained through the Open College, that provides courses by radio and television. Two further schemes are Business Growth Training which offers financial help to employers training their own employees, and the Enterprise Allowance Scheme, which helps unemployed people start their own business.
If a person is unemployed for six months or longer, he or she may attend an interview with a "Restart" counsellor, who will suggest alternative way of finding work. Similar schemes operate in the USA.
NOTE
self-employed - работать на себя, а не на хозяина, counsellor - советник.
название организации можно не переводить.
Exercise 2.
Give English equivalents to:
1) по сравнению;
2) ввести правительственные программы;
3) подготовить своих собственных служащих;
4) начинать собственный бизнес;
5) правительственные центры занятости.
Exercise 3
Give Ukrainian (Russian) equivalents to:
1) to divide into;
2) two - thirds;
3) to look for work in advertisements;
4) such as;
5) a number of.
Exercise 4.
Put in objective pronouns instead of personal and translate the following sentences.
Models: 1. We know (they) to win the competition. We know them to win the competition. Мы знаем, что они выиграют соревнование.
2. Не heard (she) paint pictures. He heard her paint pictures. Он слышал, что она рисует картины.
1. Не wants (I) to find out everything about this planet.
2. I'd like (he) to stop talking.
3. The engineer advised (we) to use this device.
4. People saw (she) enter this office.
5. She made (they) test the instrument.
Exercise 5.
Make the Gerunds (-ing forms) from the verbs in brackets and translate the sentences.
Model: 1. Everybody learns much by (to travel) around the world.
Everybody learns much by traveling around the world.
Все многое узнают, путешествуя no миру.
1. They develop instruments capable of ____ (to analyze) distant planets.
2. It is worth ___ (to develop) these devices.
3. After ______ (to have destroyed) the forests we pollute nature.
4. Go on ___ (to carry out) an experiment.
5. They can't help___ (to make) a house.
Exercise 6.
Choose the proper form, rewrite the sentences and translate them.
Model: 1. She said that they ___ in Oxford.
A. lived. B. lives. C. will live.
She said that they lived in Oxford. Она сказала, что они живут в Оксфорде.
1. She asked him if he often____ the scientific centre.
A. visited
B. visits
C. will visit
2. Our friends asked us what we __ at the weekend.
A. will do
B. would do
C. does
3. They asked why other civilizations ___.
A. couldn't be found
B. can't be found
C. can be found
4. We were told that Andrew ___ to complete his theses.
A. is going
B. goes
C. was going
5. Tom told his friend ____ for a while.
A. not to call him up
B. not call him up
C. doesn't call him up
Exercise 7.
Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below'. Translate the sentences.
Models:
Has been waiting for, listen to
1. He ______ her since 7 о 'clock. He has been waiting for her since 7 о 'clock. On ждет ее с семи часов.
2. You mustthe lecture attentively. You must listen to the lecture attentively. Вы
должны внимательно слушать лекцию.
Таkе part in, sold out, hold on, pointed out, look for
1. Scientists __________ civilization on other planets.
2. We didn't ____________ the conference.
3. The teacher ________ the mistakes in my report.
4. a minute! I want to speak to you.
5. There was a sign on the ticket office saying_____.
Exercise 8.
Translate the words in bold type into English and rewrite the sentences.
Model: She lives in Moscow but she lived in Spain in 2001, so she speaks (так) Spanish (так и) Russian. So she speaks both Spanish and Russian.
1. (Ни) my friends (ни) I know anything about it.
2. They have not written about the new discovery (потому что) they made it secret.
3. We shall not go abroad on business trip (до тех пор пока не) all the problems have been solved
4. (Как) the coal (так и) the ore will be skipped tomorrow.
5. He will do it (как только) he obtains the proper data.
VARIANT IX
Exercise 1.
Translate the text.
Many home in Britain and the USA now have electrical and electronic aids and instruments. In both countries, the amount of money spent on electrical and electronic products has risen significantly in recent years and many homes contain more specialized equipment such as audio equipment and home computers. Computers are used for work and for recreation.
An increasing number of households now have fax machines, operating over the telephone line, as well as answering machines. With the increasing sophistication of TV systems themselves, it is not surprising that much recent technology in the home relates specifically to television.
Many televisions in Britain now receive one or more of the three main teletext systems. Most modern televisions have remote control devices. In addition, an increasing number of televisions can be used with a digital scanner, allowing the viewer to select and store programmes..
A number of banks and shops now operate a 'teleshopping' system, enabling people to order goods from shops, book travel tickets, check bank balances and so on by using a small computer terminal plugged into the telephone socket. The text is viewed on a screen. Many people now have a cordless telephone for home use, which can be used in a car or train.
A cellphone is a pocket telephone used in a radiosystem, which operates through a network of transmitters.
Exercise 2.
Give English equivalents to:
1) давать людям возможность;
2) включить в розетку телефон;
3) дистанционный контроль;
4) и так далее;
5) в дополнение.
Exercise 3.
Give Russian equivalents to:
1) as well as;
2) a network of transmitters;
3) to rise significantly;
4) such as;
5) the amount of money.
Exercise 4.
Put in objective pronouns instead of personal and translate the following sentences.
Models: 1. We know (they) to win the competition. We know them to win the competition.
Mu знаем, что они выиграют соревнование.
2. Не heard (she) paint pictures. He heard her paint pictures.
Он слышал, что она рисует картины.
1. They advised (we) to find a job in local newspapers.
2. She saw (he) enter the University.
3. I want (you) to apply to a counsellor.
4. These courses promise (they) to provide a job.
5. He makes (she) go to the Jobcenter.
Exercise 5.
Make the Gerunds (-ing forms) from the verbs in brackets and translate the sentences.
Model: 1. Everybody learns much by __ (to travel) around the world.
Everybody learns much by traveling around the world.
Все многое узнают, путешествуя no миру.
2. 1 heard of his___ (to be sent) to the courses.
2. Go on ____ (to look for) a job in advertisements.
3. We like their method of__ (to train).
1. There is no use in ___ (to find) a job through this agency.
2. Thank you for your _ (to recommend) me to the chief.
Exercise 6.
Choose the proper form, rewrite the sentences and translate them.
Model: 1. She said that they__ in Oxford.
A. lived. B. lives. C. will live.
She said that they lived in Oxford. Она сказала, что они живут в Оксфорде.
1. The police found out that Bob Slant_______in London’s suburbs all that time.
A. lives
B. live
C. had been living
2. The students couldn't do the translation because they _______special terms.
A. had not learnt
B. does not learn
C. do not learn
3. Tom had not been informed that the lecture_________on Tuesday.
A. does not take place
B. would not take place
C. won't take place
4. He said hea job.
A. had found
B. finds
C. has found
5. They promised they__________their own employees.
A. train
B. would train
C. will train
Exercise 7.